Gestasyonel Diyabetli Gebelerde Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları ve İlişkili Faktörler: Bir Kamu Hastanesi Örneği

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, gestasyonel diyabet mellitus (GDM) tanısı olan gebelerde sağlık sorumluluğu, fiziksel aktivite, beslenme, manevi gelişim, kişilerarası ilişkiler ve stres yönetimi konularını içeren sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: İstanbul’da bulunan bir kamu hastanesinin Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniğinde takibi yapılan ve hekim tarafından GDM tanısı konan 185 gebe ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılardan yüz yüze görüşme ile sosyo-demografik özellikleri, antropometrik ölçümleri, gebelik ve tıbbi özgeçmişi ile Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları (SYBD) Ölçeği-II bilgileri toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların ortalama yaşı 29,430±6,060 yıl olup; %11,4’ü üniversite mezunudur. Katılımcıların %76,2’si GDM tedavisini için tıbbi beslenme tedavisi uyguladığını bildirmiştir. Katılımcıların SYBD ölçeği-II toplam puanı ortalama 132,103±19,313’dir. Gebelik başlangıç ağırlığı ile manevi gelişim alt boyut puanının arasında negatif yönlü zayıf korelasyon bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Eğitim durumuna, gebelik sayısına ve kan glikoz kontrolü yapma durumuna göre SYBD ölçeği-II toplam ve alt boyut puanları arasında anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır (p>0,05). Gebelik öncesi diyet uygulamayan katılımcıların sağlık sorumluluğu puanı düşükken (p<0,05); GDM tanısı sonrası insülin ve tıbbi beslenme tedavisini birlikte alan katılımcıların sağlık sorumluluğu puanları daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0.028). Sonuç: GDM’li kadınlarda gebelik ile ilgili özellikleri ve sosyodemografik özelliklerinin manevi gelişim, kişilerarası iletişim ve sağlık sorumluluğu gibi sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarını etkilemektedir. Kadınlara gebelik öncesi ve sırasında, sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının oluşmasında etkili ve sürdürülebilir müdahalelerin belirlenmesi ve uygulanması, GDM prevalansını azaltabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gebe
• beslenme
• sağlık
• gestasyonel diyabet
• yaşam biçimi
• obezite

Etik Beyan

Çalışma için gerekli olan etik kurul onay belgesi çalışmanın yapıldığı kamu hastanesinin ‘Hasta ne Baştabipliği Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu’ndan alınmıştır (Konu no: KAEK/2017.2.3).

Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Related Factors in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes: A Public Hospital Model Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Related Factors in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes: A

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to determine healthy lifestyle behaviours including health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, spiritual development, interpersonal relationships and stress management in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: The study was conducted with 185 pregnant women who followed up in the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinic of public hospital in Istanbul and diagnosed with GDM by physician. Socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, pregnancy and medical history, and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours Scale (HLBS)-II information were collected from the participants through face-to-face interviews. Results: The mean age of the participants was 29.430±6.060 years and 11.4% were university graduates. 76.2% of the participants reported that they applied medical nutrition therapy for the treatment of GDM. The mean total score of the participants' HLBS-II was 132.103±19.313. There was weak negative correlation between the initial weight of pregnancy and the spiritual development subscale score (p<0.05). No significant difference was found between the total and sub-dimension scores of the HLBS-II according to educational status, number of pregnancies and blood glucose control status (p>0.05). Participants who did not follow diet before pregnancy had lower health responsibility scores (p<0.05), whereas participants who received insulin and medical nutrition therapy together after GDM diagnosis had higher health responsibility scores (p=0.028). Conclusion: Pregnancy-related characteristics and sociodemographic characteristics affect healthy lifestyle behaviours such as spiritual development, interpersonal communication and health responsibility in women with GDM. Identifying and implementing effective and sustainable interventions for women before and during pregnancy in the formation of healthy lifestyle behaviours may reduce the prevalence of GDM.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pregnant
• nutrition
• health
• gestational diabetes
• lifestyle
• obesity

Kaynakça

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