Taurinin Enerji Homeostazi ve Sağlık Üzerindeki Etkileri: Beslenme Perspektifi

Öz

Taurin, standart amino asitlerden yapısal olarak farklılık gösteren, sülfür içeren bir β-amino asittir. İnsan vücudunun çeşitli dokularında yüksek konsantrasyonlarda bulunur ve antioksidan savunma, enerji regülasyonu ve merkezi sinir sisteminin düzenlenmesi gibi çok sayıda fizyolojik süreçte rol alır. Küresel olarak artan obeziteye metabolik sendrom, insülin direnci, dislipidemi ve hiperglisemi gibi ciddi sağlık sorunları eşlik etmektedir. Geleneksel yaklaşımlar yağ dokusunu sadece lipid depolamada rol alan pasif bir yapı olarak görürken, artık aktif bir endokrin organ olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, adipositler tarafından salgılanan biyolojik olarak aktif moleküller ve bunların metabolik süreçlerdeki rolleri obezitenin patogenezinde kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu derleme makalesinin temel amacı, taurinin adipoz dokudaki fonksiyonel etkilerini ve obeziteye karşı koyma mekanizmalarını sistematik olarak değerlendirmektir. Taurin, onu tipik amino asitlerden ayıran bir yapıya sahiptir ve vücutta yüksek konsantrasyonlarda bulunur, oksidatif stresi azaltmak, inflamasyonu bastırmak ve enerji metabolizmasını düzenlemek gibi çeşitli biyolojik işlevlere katkıda bulunur. Hayvan modellerinde yapılan çalışmalar, taurin takviyesinin yağ dokusundaki enflamasyonu azalttığını, lipolizi artırdığını, termojenik yolları aktive ettiğini ve merkezi sinir sistemi mekanizmaları yoluyla iştahı baskıladığını ve böylece obezite gelişimini önlediğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca, obezite ve diyabetle yaşayan bireylerde düşük plazma taurin düzeylerinin saptanması, taurin eksikliğinin metabolik dengeyi bozabileceğine işaret etmektedir. Her ne kadar hayvan ve epidemiyolojik çalışmalar taurinin metabolik bozuklukları hafifletmek için umut verici olduğunu gösterse de, mekanizmalarını tam olarak aydınlatmak ve insanlardaki etkinliğini doğrulamak için daha ileri araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Obezite
• Taurin
• Yağ dokusu

The Effects of Taurine on Energy Homeostasis and Health: A Nutritional Perspective

Öz

Taurine is a sulfur-containing β-amino acid that structurally differs from standard amino acids. It is found in high concentrations across various tissues of the human body and plays a role in numerous physiological processes, including antioxidant defense, energy regulation, and modulation of the central nervous system. Globally increasing obesity is accompanied by serious health problems such as metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. While traditional approaches have regarded adipose tissue as a passive structure solely involved in lipid storage, it is now recognized as an active endocrine organ. In this context, the biologically active molecules secreted by adipocytes and their roles in metabolic processes are critically important in the pathogenesis of obesity. The primary aim of this review article is to systematically evaluate the functional effects of taurine in adipose tissue and the mechanisms by which it counteracts obesity. Taurine possesses a structure that distinguishes it from typical amino acids and is present in high concentrations in the body, contributing to various biological functions such as reducing oxidative stress, suppressing inflammation, and regulating energy metabolism. Studies in animal models have demonstrated that taurine supplementation reduces inflammation in adipose tissue, increases lipolysis, activates thermogenic pathways, and suppresses appetite via central nervous system mechanisms, thereby preventing the development of obesity. Moreover, findings of low plasma taurine levels in individuals living with obesity and diabetes suggest that taurine deficiency may disrupt metabolic balance. Although animal and epidemiological studies indicate that taurine is promising for alleviating metabolic disorders, further advanced research is necessary to fully elucidate its mechanisms and confirm its efficacy in humans

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adipose Tissue
• Obesity
• Taurine

Kaynakça

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