Sürdürülebilir Diyet Yaklaşımlarının Veri Odaklı Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sürdürülebilir diyet kavramının teorik çerçevesini ortaya koymak, alandaki araştırma eğilimlerini bibliyometrik analizle değerlendirmek ve gıda tüketim desenlerini veri temelli olarak analiz etmektir. Çalışmada bibliyometrik analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İlgili yayın verileri anahtar kelime ağları ve tematik yoğunlaşmalar VOSviewer yazılımı aracılığıyla görselleştirilmiştir. Veri analizi bölümünde ise USDA FoodData Central – Foundation Foods veri seti (n = 316) temel veri kaynağı olarak kullanılmıştır. Gıdaların enerji yoğunluğu (kcal/100 g), 100 kcal başına protein ve lif yoğunlukları gibi besin profili göstergeleri hesaplanmış; veri temizleme, dönüştürme ve istatistiksel analiz işlemleri R Studio ortamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular, enerji (kcal) ile protein (g) arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğunu, ancak protein yoğunluğu (g/100 kcal) açısından bitkisel kaynaklı gıdaların daha dengeli ve sürdürülebilir bir profil sunduğunu göstermiştir. Sürdürülebilirlik temsili skorunun (0–100) besin gruplarına göre dağılımı, sebzeler, baklagiller ve tam tahılların daha yüksek skorlar aldığını ortaya koyarken; Pearson korelasyon analizleri enerji yoğunluğu ile sürdürülebilirlik arasında negatif, lif ve protein yoğunluğu ile sürdürülebilirlik arasında pozitif yönlü ilişkiler bulunduğunu göstermiştir. Bibliyometrik anahtar kelime ağ haritası (1999–2025 Scopus verileri) genel değerlendirme sonucunda bitkisel ağırlıklı beslenme modellerinin sürdürülebilir olduğu, Akdeniz tipi beslenmenin ise sürdürülebilir ve sağlıklı bir diyet örüntüsü sunduğu belirlenmiştir. USDA FoodData Central – Foundation Foods veri setine dayalı analizler bitkisel ağırlıklı diyetlerin daha yüksek sürdürülebilirlik performansı sergilediğini ve Akdeniz tipi beslenmenin hem sağlıklı hem de sürdürülebilir bir referans model sunduğunu ortaya koyarken, bibliyometrik değerlendirme literatürün iklim değişikliği ve bitki temelli beslenme ekseninde yoğunlaştığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sürdürülebilir diyet
• Diyet sınıflandırması
• Bibliyometrik analiz
• Akdeniz diyeti

A Data-Driven Analysis of Sustainable Diet Approaches

Öz

The objective of this study is to establish the theoretical framework of the concept of sustainable diets, evaluate research trends in the field using bibliometric analysis, and analyze food consumption patterns based on data. This study utilized a bibliometric analysis method. Keyword networks and thematic concentrations of the relevant publication data were visualized using VOSviewer software. In the data analysis section, the USDA FoodData Central – Foundation Foods dataset (n = 316) was used as the primary data source. Nutritional profile indicators such as the energy density (kcal/100 g) of foods and their protein and fiber densities per 100 kcal were calculated; data cleaning, transformation, and statistical analysis were performed in the R Studio environment. Findings indicate a positive correlation between energy (kcal) and protein (g), but plant-based foods offer a more balanced and sustainable profile in terms of protein density (g/100 kcal). The distribution of the sustainability proxy score (0–100) across food groups revealed that vegetables, legumes, and whole grains received higher scores; Pearson correlation analyses showed negative relationships between energy density and sustainability and positive relationships between fiber and protein density and sustainability. The bibliometric keyword network map (1999–2025 Scopus data) revealed that plant-based dietary patterns are sustainable, and the Mediterranean diet offers a sustainable and healthy dietary pattern. Analyses based on the USDA FoodData Central – Foundation Foods dataset show that plant-based diets exhibit higher sustainability performance and that the Mediterranean diet offers a healthy and sustainable reference model, while the bibliometric evaluation shows that the literature is concentrated on climate change and plant-based nutrition.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sustainable diet
• Diet classification
• Bibliometric analysis
• Mediterranean diet

Kaynakça

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