Bir Üniversite Hastanesinin 3 Yıllık Obezite ve Diyabet Prevalansı: Erişkin ve Çocukluk Çağı Verilerinin Retrospektif Analizi

Öz

Amaç: Obezite tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de hızla artan önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) verilerine göre 2016 yılı için Türkiye %29,5 prevalans ile Avrupa’da obezitenin en sık görüldüğü ülke olmuştur. Biz bu çalışmada hastanemize başvuran hastaların kayıtlarına dayanarak bölgemizde erişkin ve çocukluk yaş gruplarındaki obezite ve diyabet prevalansını ortaya koymayı amaçladık. 

Gereç ve Yöntemler: 2016-2018 yılları arasında Karabük Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi diyet polikliniğine başvuran hastaların 3 yıllık kayıtları geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Yaş ve cinsiyete göre vücut kütle indeksi (VKİ) düzeyleri, diyet polikliniğine geliş nedenleri, obezite ve diyabet oranları değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Üç yıllık sürede diyet polikliniğine toplamda 16.213 başvuru tespit edildi. Bu hastaların; yaş ortalaması 40,99±17,73 yıl, %64,1’i (n=10.383) kadındı. 18 yaş altı hastaların %60,8’i (n=660), 18 yaş ve üzeri hastaların %32,6’sı (n=4.509) kilo verdirici diyet, %28,4’ü (n=3.926) diyabet diyeti için başvurdu. 18 yaş ve üzeri 13.997 kişinin VKİ ortalaması 32,17±8,25 iken, bunlardan %23,1’i fazla kilolu (VKİ 25-29,99), %45,4’ü obez (VKİ 30-39), %14,5’i ise morbid obez (VKİ ≥40) idi. 2.428 kadın, 1.663 erkek hasta diyabetik idi. Kadın hastaların 1.705’i fazla kilolu, 4.374’ü obez, 1.759’u morbid obez iken erkek hastaların 1.534’ü fazla kilolu, 1.835’i obez, 270’i morbid obez idi. 3.887 diyabetik hastanın 897’si fazla kilolu, 2.189’u obez, 598’i morbid obez idi. 18 yaş ve üzeri, VKİ ≥25 olan hastaların büyük bir kısmının aynı zamanda diyabetik de olduğu, obezite ve diyabetin yakın ilişkide olduğu saptandı.

Sonuç: Bölgemizde hem çocuk hem de erişkin obezitesi ciddi boyutlardadır. Dahası, kadın cinsiyet obezite ve diyabet açısından erkeklere nazaran daha büyük risk altındadır. Toplumda farkındalık artmasına rağmen maalesef obezite oranı artışının önüne geçilememektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Obezite,Diyabet,Diyet polikliniği veriler

3-Year Obesity and Diabetes Prevalence of a University Hospital: Retrospective Analysis of Adult and Childhood Data

Öz

Aim: Obesity is an important public health issue that is rapidly increasing in our country and around the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Turkey has the most cases of obesity in Europe with 29.5% prevalence in 2016. In this study, we aimed to perform obesity and diabetes prevalence of adult and childhood groups in our region based on patient records admitted to our hospital.

Material and Methods: 3-year records of patients admitted to the Karabuk University Education and Research Hospital, diet outpatient clinic between the years of 2016 to 2018 retrospectively were examined the patient’s body mass index (BMI) levels according to age and gender.

Results: A total of 16,213 applications were determined in the Diet outpatient clinic for 3 years. These determined patients; the mean age was 40.99±17.73 years, 64.1% (n=10,383) was female. The 60.8% of patients under 18 years of age (n=660), 32.6% of patients are over 18 years (n=4,509) were admitted a diet to lose weight, 28.4% (n=3,926) for the specific diabetes diet. The mean of 13,997 people over 18 years of age were 32.17±8.25, 23.1% were overweight (BMI 25-29.99), 45.4% obese (BMI 30-39), 14.5% were morbid obese (BMI ≥ 40). The 2,428 females and 1,663 male patients were diabetic, and 1,705 of females were overweight, 4,374 obese, and 1,759 were morbid obese. While 1,534 of male patients were overweight, 1,835 obese and 270 were morbid obese, and of 3,887 diabetic patients had 897 overweight, 2,189 obese and 598 were morbid obese. Most of the patients who were over the age of 18 and BMI ≥ 25 were also diabetic; results indicate obesity and diabetes are in close relationship.

Conclusion: Both children and adult obesity in our region are of serious proportions. Moreover, females are at greater risk than men in terms of obesity and diabetes. Despite the increase in public awareness, unfortunately the increase in obesity rate cannot be prevented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Obesity,Diabetes,Diet outpatient data

Kaynakça

1. 1. Abarca-Gómez L, Abdeen ZA, et al. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128· 9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 2017;390(10113):2627-2642.
2. 2. Di Angelantonio E, Bhupathiraju SN, Wormser D, Gao P, Kaptoge S, de Gonzalez AB, et al. Body-mass index and all- cause mortality: Individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents. Lancet. 2016;388(10046):776-786.
3. 3. Pozza C, Isidori AM. What’s behind the obesity epidemic. Imaging in bariatric surgery: Springer; 2018. p. 1-8. (https:// link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-49299-5_1, Accessed Date:02.04.2019)
4. 4. Ural D, Kılıçkap M, Göksülük H, Karaaslan D, Kayıkçıoğlu M, Özer N, et al. Data on prevalence of obesity and waist circumference in Turkey: Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta regression of epidemiological studies on cardiovascular risk factors. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2018;46(7):577-590.
5. 5. Organization WH. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic: report of a WHO consultation on obesity, Geneva, 3-5 June 1997. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1998. (https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/63854, Accessed Date:02.04.2019)
6. 6. Report WHOJWT. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. 2000. 2000;894. (https://www.who.int/ nutrition/publications/obesity/WHO_TRS_894/en/, Accessed Date:02.04.2019)
7. 7. Altan O, Şurdum G, Vcı P, Şenocak M, Örnek E, Özcan R. Risk Faktörleri Sıklığı tarifi. (https://www.journalagent.com/ tkd/pdfs/TKDA_19_1_9_15.pdf, Accessed Date:02.04.2019)
8. 8. Satman I, Yilmaz T, Sengül A, Salman S, Salman F, Uygur S, et al. Population-based study of diabetes and risk characteristics in Turkey: results of the turkish diabetes epidemiology study (TURDEP). Diabetes Care. 2002;25(9):1551-1556.

9. 9. Satman I, Omer B, Tutuncu Y, Kalaca S, Gedik S, Dinccag N, et al. Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013;28(2):169-180.
10. 10. World Health Organization. WHO fact sheet on overweight and obesity. Updated October 2017. http://www.who. int/ mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/. Erişim tarihi: 8 Aralık2017.
11. 11. Cesare MD, Bentham J, Stevens GA, Zhou B, Danaei G, Lu Y, et al. Trends in adult body- mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants. Lancet. 2016;387(10026):1377-1396.
12. 12. Ginter E, Simko V. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, pandemic in 21st century. Diabetes: Springer; 2013. p.42-50. (https:// link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4614-5441-0_6, Accessed Date:02.04.2019)
13. 13. Sofi F, Casini AJ, Wjog W. Mediterranean diet and non- alcoholic fatty liver disease: New therapeutic option around the corner? World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(23):7339.
14. 14. Keleş İ, Onat A, Sansoy V, Aksu H, Çetinkaya A, Yıldırım B, et al. TEKHARF 1997/98 Taraması Yeni Kohortonda Risk Faktörleri ve Kalp Hastalıkları Prevalansı. Türk Kardiyol Dern Arş. 1999; 27: 104-109.
15. 15. Organization WH. World report on disability 2011. (https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44575, Accessed Date:02.04.2019)