The Impact of the type of Menopause and Menopausal Duration on the Development of Pre-Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Mellitus in Postmenopausal Women

Öz

Aim: The onset of menopause is an important factor determining quality of life in females. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of natural or surgical menopause, the duration of the menopausal period, and serum gonadotropin levels on the development of pre-diabetes mellitus (pre-DM) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in postmenopausal women. Material and Methods: This retrospective study included 140 postmenopausal women with pre-DM, 148 postmenopausal women with DM and 265 healthy postmenopausal women. The groups were compared in respect of menopause type, the duration of the menopausal period, and serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2) levels. Statistical evaluations were made. Results: There was found to be no significant effect of natural or surgical menopause on the development of pre-DM or DM (p=0.393). Increased duration of menopause was mostly seen in women with DM and the difference was statistically significant compared to the controls (p=0.019). Serum decreased FSH and LH levels and increased E2 level were observed in the DM group and the difference was significant compared to the control group (respectively, p=0.001, p=0.001 and p=0.012). Conclusion: The onset of natural or surgical menopause does not affect the development of pre-DM and DM. Women with DM have a longer menopausal period. Women with pre-DM and DM have lower serum FSH and LH levels and higher serum E2 levels. This can be explained in part by adiposity and insulin resistance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• diabetes mellitus
• natural menopause
• pre-diabetes mellitus
• surgical menopause

Menopoz Tipi ve Süresinin Postmenopozal Kadınlarda Pre-Diyabet ve Diyabet Gelişimine Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Menopozal başlangıç kadınların hayat kalitesini belirleyen önemli faktörlerden biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı postmenopozal kadınlarda doğal veya cerrahi menopozlu olmanın, menopozal sürenin ve serum gonadotropin düzeylerinin pre-diyabet (pre-DM) ve diyabet (DM) gelişimi üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif olgu kontrol çalışmasına 140 pre-DM, 148 DM postmenopozal kadın ile 265 sağlıklı postmenopozal kadın dâhil edildi. Grupların menapoz tipi, süresi ve serum folikül stimüle edici hormon (FSH), luteinize edici hormon (LH) ve östradiol (E2) serum düzeyleri karşılaştırıldı. İstatistiksel değerlendirmede ANOVA ve Kruskal Wallis Testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Doğal ya da cerrahi menopozlu olmanın pre-DM veya DM gelişimleri üzerine etkisi bulunmadı (p=0,393). Artmış menopoz süresi en fazla DM’li kadınlarda görüldü ve kontrollere göre farklılık istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p=0,019). DM grubunda düşük serum FSH ve LH düzeyleri ile yüksek serum E2 düzeyleri gözlendi ve aradaki fark kontrol grubuna göre anlamlıydı (sırasıyla, p=0,001, p=0,001ve p=0,012). Sonuç: Cerrahi veya doğal yolla menopoza başlangıç yapmak kadınlarda gelişebilecek pre-DM ve DM oluşumunu etkilememektedir. DM’li kadınların menapozal süresi daha uzundur. DM öncesi ve DM’li kadınlar daha düşük serum FSH ve LH ve daha yüksek serum E2 düzeylerine sahiptir. Bu durum kısmen adiposite ve insulin direnci ile açıklanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• cerrahi menopoz
• diyabet
• doğal menopoz
• pre-diyabet

Kaynakça

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