Obezite ile Çürük, Kayıp, Dolgulu Dişler (DMFT/dmft) İndeksi Arasındaki İlişki

Öz

Obezite vücuda alınan enerjiyle harcanan enerji arasındaki dengesizlikten kaynaklanan morbidite ve mortalite oranını önemli ölçüde arttırtan kronik bir hastalıktır. Obezite prevalansı dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de hızla artmaktadır. Obezite kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, diyabet, hipertansiyon, kanserler gibi bir dizi hastalıkla ilişkili olup; orta derecede kilo kaybı ile komorbiditeleri önemli ölçüde azalmaktadır. Obezite aynı zamanda çürük, kserostomi, periodontitis, diş kaybı, dentin hassasiyeti, dental erozyon gibi ağız ve diş hastalıklarına da neden olmaktadır. Diş hekimlerinin obezitenin ağız ve diş sağlığı üzerine olan etkilerini göz önünde bulundurarak obez bireyleri ağız ve diş sağlığı konusunda ayrıca bilgilendirerek motive etmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu derlemede obezitenin DMFT/dmft indeksiyle ilişkisinin literatür desteğiyle değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Diş çürüğü
• obezite
• vücut kitle indeksi

The Correlation Between Obesity and the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT/dmft) Index

Öz

Obesity is a chronic disease that significantly increases the rates of morbidity and mortality induced by the imbalance between energy intake into the body and spent energy. The prevalence of obesity rapidly increases in Turkey as in the world. Obesity is associated with a number of diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, high blood pressure and cancers, and its comorbidities significantly decrease with moderate weight loss. Obesity also causes oral and dental diseases such as decay, xerostomia, periodontitis, teeth loss, dentin tenderness and dental erosion. Dentists should motivate individuals with obesity by informing them about oral and dental health considering the effects of obesity on oral and dental health. This review article aimed to assess the correlation between obesity and DMFT/dmft index based on the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Body mass index
• obesity
• tooth decay

Kaynakça

1. 1. Johnson S. Role of noninvasive ventilation in the management of obese patients. Curr Res Diabetes Obes. J 2019; 10: 1-2.
2. 2. Kurt AK. Birinci basamakta obezite yönetimi. Klinik Tıp Aile Hekimliği. 2019; 11: 55-60.
3. 3. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)-Africa Working Group. Trends in obesity and diabetes across Africa from 1980 to 2014: An analysis of pooled population-based studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2017; 46: 1421-1432.
4. 4. Ramakrishna A, Priya N, Nandini D, Madhushankari G. Obesity and oral health–a review. J Dent Pract Res. 2013; 1: 30-35.
5. 5. Danaei G, Ding EL, Mozaffarian D, Taylor B, Rehm J, Murray CJL, Ezzati M. The preventable causes of death in the United States: Comparative risk assessment of dietary, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors. PLoS Med. 2009; 6: e1000058.
6. 6. Upadhyay J, Farr O, Perakakis N, Ghaly W, Mantzoros C. Obesity as a disease. Med Clin. 2018; 102: 13-33.
7. 7. Cowley MA, Brown WA, Considine RV. Obesity: The problem and its management. Endocrinology: Adult & Pediatric. Elsevier. 2016; 468-478.
8. 8. Rychter AM, Zawada A, Ratajczak AE, Dobrowolska A, Krela‐ Kaźmierczak I. Should patients with obesity be more afraid of COVID‐19? Obes Rev. 2020; 21: e13083.

9. 9. Elfhag K, Rössner S. Who succeeds in maintaining weight loss? A conceptual review of factors associated with weight loss maintenance and weight regain. Obes Rev. 2005; 6: 67-85.
10. 10. Werler MM, Louik C, Shapiro S, Mitchell AA. Prepregnant weight in relation to risk of neural tube defects. JAMA. 1996; 275: 1089-1092.
11. 11. Suvan J, D’Aiuto F. Assessment and management of oral health in obesity. Curr Obes Rep. 2013; 2: 142-149.
12. 12. Sheiham A, Steele J, Marcenes W, Finch S, Walls A. The relationship between oral health status and Body Mass Index among older people: A national survey of older people in Great Britain. Br Dent J. 2002; 192: 703-706.
13. 13. Dye BA, Shenkin JD, Ogden CL, Marshall TA, Levy SM, Kanellis M. The relationship between healthful eating practices and dental caries in children aged 2–5 years in the United States, 1988–1994. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004; 135: 55-66.
14. 14. Song IS, Han K, Ryu JJ, Park JB. Obesity is inversely related to the risks of dental caries in Korean adults. Oral Dis. 2017; 23: 1080-1086.
15. 15. Kottayi S, Bhat S, Hegde K, Peedikayil F, Chandru T, Anil S. A cross-sectional study of the prevalence of dental caries among 12-to 15-year-old overweight schoolchildren. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2016; 17: 750-754.
16. 16. Basha S, Mohamed RN, Swamy HS, Ramamurthy PH, Sexena V. Caries incidence among obese adolescents: A 3-year prospective study. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2017; 15: 65-71.
17. 17. Tenkumo T, Rojas-Sánchez L, Sáenz JRV, Ogawa T, Miyashita M, Yoda N, Prymak O, Sokolova V, Sasaki K, Epple M. Reduction of inflammation in a chronic periodontitis model in rats by TNF-α gene silencing with a topically applied siRNA-loaded calcium phosphate paste. Acta Biomater. 2020; 105: 263-279.
18. 18. Yaylı NZA, Tunç SK, Talmaç AC, Altatari M. Relationship between obesity and oral health. Dent Med J Rev. 2019;1:1-11.
19. 19. Yuan JCC, Lee DJ, Afshari FS, Galang MTS, Sukotjo C. Dentistry and obesity: A review and current status in US predoctoral dental education. J Dent Educ. 2012;76:1129- 1136.
20. 20. Johansson I, Tidehag P, Lundberg V, Hallmans G. Dental status, diet and cardiovascular risk factors in middle‐aged people in northern Sweden. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1994; 22: 431-436.
21. 21. Organization WH. Diet, nutrition, and the prevention of chronic diseases: report of a joint WHO/FAO expert consultation. WHO 2003. (Accessed March, 16, 2021, at https:// www. who. int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/ trs916/en/)
22. 22. Kemaloğlu H, Yildirim DG, Kaya A, Önal B. İzmir ilinin Seferihisar ilçesindeki 8-12 ve 13-16 yaş aralığındaki çocuklarda çürük dağılımının değerlendirilmesi, Bölüm: 1. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2014; 24: 353-359.
23. 23. Şimşek E. Obez kadınlarda uyarılmış tükürük akış hızı ve dmf indeksinin değerlendirilmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Oral Diagnoz ve Radyoloji Doktora Tezi, Ankara 2015. (Accessed March, 16, 2021, at http:// www. openaccess. hacettepe. edu. tr: 8080/xmlui/ bitstream/handle/11655/1077/2b85b629- 0a15- 46ee- a23fb90d32731110. pdf? sequence=1)
24. 24. Al‐Kandari Y. Prevalence of obesity in Kuwait and its relation to sociocultural variables. Obes Rev. 2006; 7: 147-154.
25. 25. Pereira A, Frias A, Hasegawa C, Ramos D, Rocha A, Bonfim D. Assessment between dental caries index and body mass index among adults. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2018; 16: 563-569.
26. 26. Alswat K, Mohamed WS, Wahab MA, Aboelil AA. The association between body mass index and dental caries: Crosssectional study. J Clin Med Res. 2016; 8: 147.
27. 27. Ashour AA, Basha S, Enan ET, Basalem A, Qahatani AA. Association between obesity/overweight and dental caries in psychiatric patients. Ann Saudi Med. 2019; 39: 178-184.
28. 28. Adejumo A, Ogunlade O, Ozeigbe E, Oluwadaisi A, Asafa M. Assessment of association between anthropometry and dental caries among nigerian young adults: A case control study. J Adv Med Pharm Sci. 2018; 17: 1-6.
29. 29. Ahmadi-Motamayel F, Abdolsamadi H, Goodarzi MT, Jamshidi Z, Mahdavinezhad A. Relationship between body mass index, lipid profile and dental caries. J Islam Dental Assoc Iran. 2018; 30: 106-112.
30. 30. Li L-W, Wong HM, McGrath CP. Longitudinal association between obesity and dental caries in adolescents. J Pediatr. 2017; 189: 149-154.
31. 31. Isaksson H. On dental caries and dental erosion in Swedish young adults. University of Gothenburg, Institute of Odontology, Cariology Doctora Thesis, Sweden 2013. (Accessed March, 16, 2021, at https:// gupea.ub.gu.se/ bitstream/2077/34072/1/gupea_2077_34072_1. pdf)
32. 32. Alm A, Fåhraeus C, Wendt LK, Koch G, Andersson‐Gäre B, Birkhed D. Body adiposity status in teenagers and snacking habits in early childhood in relation to approximal caries at 15 years of age. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2008; 18: 189-196.
33. 33. Tschammler C, Simon A, Brockmann K, Röbl M, Wiegand A. Erosive tooth wear and caries experience in children and adolescents with obesity. J Dent. 2019; 83: 77-86.
34. 34. Goodson JM, Tavares M, Wang X, Niederman R, Cugini M, Hasturk H, Barake R, Alsmadi O, Al-Mutawa S, Ariga J, Soparkar P, Behbehani J, Behbehani K. Obesity and dental decay: Inference on the role of dietary sugar. PloS One. 2013; 8: e74461.
35. 35. Pinto A, Kim S, Wadenya R, Rosenberg H. Is there an association between weight and dental caries among pediatric patients in an urban dental school? A correlation study. J Dent Educ. 2007; 71: 1435-1440.
36. 36. D’mello G, Chia L, Hamilton SD, Thomson WM, Drummon BK. Childhood obesity and dental caries among paediatric dental clinic attenders. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2011; 21: 217-222.
37. 37. Mathus‐Vliegen E, Nikkel D, Brand H. Oral aspects of obesity. Int Dent J. 2007; 57: 249-256.
38. 38. Forslund HB, Lindroos AK, Blomkvist K, Hakeberg M, Berggren U, Jontell M, Torgerson JS. Number of teeth, body mass index, and dental anxiety in middle-aged Swedish women. Acta Odontol Scand. 2002; 60: 346-352.
39. 39. Bailleul‐Forestier I, Lopes K, Souames M, Azoguy‐Levy S, Frelut ML, Boy-Lefevre ML. Caries experience in a severely obese adolescent population. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2007; 17: 358-363.
40. 40. Markovic D, Ristic‐Medic D, Vucic V, Mitrovic G, Jelena Ivosevic N, Peric T, Karadzic I. Association between being overweight and oral health in Serbian schoolchildren. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2015; 25: 409-417.
41. 41. Loyola-Rodriguez JP, Villa-Chavez C, Patiño-Marin N, Aradillas-Garcia C, Gonzalez C, de la Cruz-Mendoza E. Association between caries, obesity and insulin resistance in Mexican adolescents. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2011; 36: 49-54.
42. 42. Sede M, Ehizele A. Relationship between obesity and oral diseases. Niger J Clin Pract. 2014; 17: 683-690.
43. 43. Polat GG, Cehreli SB, Taşcilar ME, Akgün ÖM, Altun C, Özgen İT. The oral health status of healthy and obese children in a Turkish population: A cross-sectional study. Turk J Med Sci. 2012; 42: 970-976.
44. 44. Tramini P, Molinari N, Tentscher M, Demattei C, Schulte AG. Association between caries experience and body mass index in 12-year-old French children. Caries Res. 2009; 43: 468-473.
45. 45. Tong HJ, Rudolf MCJ, Muyombwe T, Duggal MS, Balmer R. An investigation into the dental health of children with obesity: An analysis of dental erosion and caries status. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2014; 15: 203-210.
46. 46. Willerhausen B, Blettner M, Kasaj A, Hohenfellner K. Association between body mass index and dental health in 1,290 children of elementary schools in a German city. Clin Oral Investig. 2007; 11: 195-200.
47. 47. Creske M, Modeste N, Hopp J, Rajaram S, Cort D. How do diet and body mass index impact dental caries in Hispanic elementary school children? J Dent Hyg. 2013; 87: 38-46.