The Effect of Resistant Exercise Training on Body Muscle and Fat Parameters in Obese Individuals

Öz

Obesity is a multifactorial disease with an increasing prevalence worldwide and is characterized by an increase in body weight. It poses a risk for diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, especially by causing an increase in fat in the abdominal area. Obesity can be managed through behavioral changes in energy intake or expenditure. Various nutrition and exercise strategies are used for this purpose. Exercise causes an increase in energy expenditure and contributes to a decrease in body weight, loss of fat mass and the maintenance of these effects. Exercise has the potential to mitigate the adverse health consequences of obesity even without weight loss in the body. Studies suggest that resistance exercise training can promote a negative energy balance, play a role in weight management by changing body fat mass. Increase in muscle mass with resistance exercise training provides a better metabolic control in the body. From the perspective of weight loss and control, recent exercise guidelines include resistance exercise training as part of an exercise prescription. Resistance exercise training can play an important role in body fat management, with an increase in energy expended during physical activity and an acute increase in basal metabolic rate. Resistance exercise training can increase lean body mass and cause changes in body composition by reducing visceral and total body fat. However, the effects of resistance exercise training on body fat composition still do not give definitive results. In this respect, this review aims to examine the effects of resistance exercise training on body fat mass and muscle.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fat mass
• Muscle mass
• Obesity
• Resistance exercise

Dirençli Egzersiz Eğitiminin Obez Bireylerde Vücut Kas ve Yağ Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Obezite, dünya çapında prevalansı gittikçe artan, vücut ağırlığındaki artış ile karakterize çok faktörlü bir hastalıktır. Özellikle abdominal bölgede yağ artışına neden olarak hipertansiyon, diyabet gibi hastalıkların görülmesinde risk oluşturmaktadır. Obezite, enerji alımı veya harcamasındaki davranış değişiklikleri ile yönetilebilmektedir. Bu amaçla çeşitli beslenme ve egzersiz stratejileri kullanılmaktadır. Egzersiz, enerji harcamasında artışa neden olarak vücut ağırlığının azalması, yağ kütlesinde kaybın meydana gelmesi ve bu etkilerin sürdürülmesine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Egzersiz, vücutta ağırlık kaybı olmasa bile obezitenin olumsuz sağlık sonuçlarını hafifletme potansiyeline sahiptir. Çalışmalar, dirençli egzersiz eğitiminin negatif bir enerji dengesini teşvik edebileceğini, vücut yağ kütlesini değiştirerek ağırlık yönetiminde rol alabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Dirençli egzersiz eğitimi ile kas kütlesindeki artış vücutta daha iyi bir metabolik kontrole sahip olmayı sağlamaktadır. Ağırlık kaybı ve kontrolü açısından bakıldığında son egzersiz yönergeleri, egzersiz reçetesinin bir parçası olarak dirençli egzersiz eğitimini içermektedir. Dirençli egzersiz eğitimi, fiziksel aktivite süresince harcanan enerjideki artış ve bazal metabolizma hızının akut artışıyla birlikte vücut yağ yönetiminde önemli bir rol oynayabilmektedir. Dirençli egzersiz eğitimi, yağsız vücut kütlesini artırmakta, visseral ve toplam vücut yağını azaltarak vücut kompozisyonunda değişikliklere neden olabilmektedir. Ancak dirençli egzersiz eğitimlerinin vücut yağ kompozisyonu üzerindeki etkileri hâlâ kesin sonuçlar vermemektedir. Bu bakımdan derlemede dirençli egzersiz eğitimin vücut yağ kütlesi ve kas üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• dirençli egzersiz
• kas kütlesi
• ; obezite
• yağ kütlesi

Kaynakça

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