Determination of Nutritional Status of Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes and Their Behaviors towards Diabetes

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the nutritional status of individuals with type 2 diabetes and their behaviors towards diabetes who applied to the endocrine polyclinic of a university hospital in İzmir. Material and Methods: A total of 135 individuals with type 2 diabetes [men (n:40), women (n:95)] were included in the study. Nutritional status and behaviors towards diabetes of the individuals were evaluated using the questionnaire. The data were summarized as number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and median values, and the chi-square test was used to compare qualitative data. Independent Samples t test was used for normally distributed variables, and Mann Whitney U test was used for non-normally distributed variables. Results: It was determined that individuals had diabetes for a mean age of 10.2±7.8 years and 53.3% of them experienced hypoglycemia. Nearly half (48.1%) of individuals consume their main meals regularly. Individuals who skipped meals were most likely to skip lunch (75.7%) and the most basic reason for skipping meals was reported as not feeling hunger (44.3%). Individuals’ fiber (M: 21.0 (7.8-47.8)g/day, W: 18.3 (2.6-75.6) g/day), folate (M: 248.7 (79.4-738.9) mcg/day, W: 229.8 (37.8-894.2) mcg/day), and calcium (M: 706.9 (261.7-1990.5) mg/day, W: 584,6 (76.4-1524.1) mg/day) intake are below their requirements, and sodium intake (M: 2887.9 (999.2-7332.2) mg/day, W: 2421.1 (637.7-7736.6) mg/day) was high in both genders. The majority of women (81.1%) are obese (p=0.003). Almost all women (91.3%) are at high risk in terms of abdominal obesity (p=0.002). According to waist/hip and waist/height ratios, the majority of both men and women are abdominal obese. 54.8% of individuals do not exercise regularly. Conclusion: As a result of this study carried out in a university hospital in İzmir, it is thought that individuals have wrong practices regarding medical nutrition therapy. In order to prevent micro and macrovascular complications resulting from diabetes and to control body weight, it is necessary to provide continuous nutrition education and follow-up the individuals with diabetes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anthropometry
• Nutritional status
• Nutritional habits
• Diabetes

Tip 2 Diyabetli Bireylerin Beslenme Durumlarının Saptanması ve Diyabete Yönelik Davranışlarının Belirlenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, tip 2 diyabetli bireylerin beslenme durumlarının saptanması ve diyabete yönelik davranışlarının belirlenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmaya, tip 2 diyabetli 135 birey [erkek (n:40), kadın (n:95)] dâhil edilmiştir. Anket formu kullanılarak bireylerin beslenme durumu ve diyabete yönelik davranışları değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Bireylerin ortalama 10.2±7.8 yıldır diyabetli olduğu ve %53.3’ünün hipoglisemi yaşadığı belirlenmiştir. Bireylerin yarıya yakını (%48.1) ana öğünlerini düzenli tüketmektedir. Öğün atlayan bireyler en çok öğle öğünü (%75.7) atlamakta olup, en temel öğün atlama sebebi açlık hissetmemek olarak bildirilmiştir (%44.3). Bireylerin posa (E: 21.5±9.6 g/gün, K: 21.9±12.1 g/gün), folat (E: 282.7±132.3 mcg/gün, K: 270.5±153.0 mcg/gün), kalsiyum (E: 820.1±428.9 mg/gün, K: 630.1±316.5 mg/gün) alımları gereksinimlerinin altında olup, sodyum (E: 3143.4±1515.5 mg/gün, K: 2547.6±1293.8 mg/gün) alımları her iki cinsiyette de yüksek bulunmuştur. Kadınların büyük çoğunluğu (%81.1) şişmandır (p=0.003). Bel çevresine göre kadınların neredeyse tamamı (%91.3) sağlık açısından çok yüksek risk altındadır (p=0.002). Bel/kalça ve bel/boy oranlarına göre hem kadın ve hem erkeklerin çoğunluğu yüksek risk altındadır. Bireylerin %54.8’i düzenli olarak egzersiz yapmamaktadır. Sonuç: Bireylerin tıbbi beslenme tedavisine ilişkin yanlış uygulamalarının olduğu düşünülmektedir. Diyabete bağlı gelişecek mikro ve makrovasküler komplikasyonların önlenmesi ve vücut ağırlığının denetimi için diyabetlilere sürekli beslenme eğitiminin sağlanması ve izleminin yapılması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• antropometri
• beslenme durumu
• beslenme alışkanlıkları
• diyabet

Kaynakça

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