Prekonsepsiyonel, Gebelik ve Postpartum Döngüde Maternal Obeziteyi Önlemek

Öz

Üreme çağındaki çoğu kadın obeziteye doğru giden hızlandırılmış bir yoldadır. Gebelik ve postpartum dönem, kilo alımını artıran ve obeziteye neden olan yüksek riskli dönemlerdir. Prekonsepsiyonel dönemde yüksek beden kütle indeksi’ne sahip olan kadınlarda, gebe kaldığında maternal obezitenin hem anne hem de fetal sağlık üzerine olumsuz riskleri artmaktadır. Aynı zamanda, gestasyonel dönemde aşırı kilo alan kadınlarda da maternal obezitenin gebelik ve postpartum dönem üzerine riskleri artmaktadır. Gestasyonel dönemde aşırı kilo alan kadınların, postpartum kilo retansiyonu riski artmakta olup, postpartum kilo retansiyonu da kadının ilerleyen zamanlarında obezite ile karşı karşıya kalmasına neden olmaktadır. Tüm bu nedenlerden dolayı maternal obezitenin önemini ve risklerini anlamak önemli olup, obezitenin yönetimi prekonsepsiyonel dönemde başlayıp postpartum dönemde de devam etmelidir. Prekonsepsiyonel dönemde kadınlara danışmanlık yaparak, gebelikte obezitenin sonuçları ve yönetimi konusunda farkındalık yaratılmalıdır. Obezite yönetimi, bireysel beslenme, egzersiz, davranışsal veya cerrahi müdahaleler içeren kısa ve uzun vadeli yaklaşımlar gerektirmektedir. Sağlıklı beslenme ve diyet, kilo yönetimi, fiziksel aktivite, gebeliği planlamak, gebelik komplikasyonları için tarama yapılması, fiziksel, zihinsel, psikososyal sağlık, postpartum bakım ve emzirme prekonsepsiyonel, gebelik ve postpartum dönemlerde belirlenen önceliklerdir. Kadınların her döneminde yanında olan sağlık profesyonelleri olarak prekonsepsiyonel, gebelik ve postpartum dönemde kilo yönetimine farkındalık sağlanmalı ve etkili girişimlerde bulunulmalıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, prekonsepsiyonel, gebelik ve postpartum döngüde maternal obeziteyi önleme konusunu literatür doğrultusunda incelemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• gebelik
• obezite
• önleme & kontrol
• perinatal bakım
• postpartum dönem

Preventing Maternal Obesity Across the Preconception, Pregnancy and Postpartum Cycle

Öz

Most women of reproductive age are on an accelerated path towards obesity. Pregnancy and postpartum period are high risk periods that increase weight gain and cause obesity. When women who had high body mass index during preconception period became pregnant with high body mass index, adverse effects and complications of maternal obesity on both mother and fetal health increases. At the same time, the risks of maternal obesity on pregnancy and postpartum period increase in women who gain excessive weight during the gestational period. Women who gain excessive gestational weight have an increased risk of postpartum weight retention, and postpartum weight retention also causes the woman to face obesity later in life. For all these reasons, it is important to understand the importance and risks of maternal obesity and management of obesity should start in the preconceptional period and continue in the postpartum period. Counseling should be provided to women in the preconceptional period and awareness should be raised about the consequences and management of obesity during pregnancy. Obesity management requires short and long-term approaches, including individual nutrition, exercise, behavioral or surgical interventions. Healthy nutrition and diet, weight management, physical activity, planning pregnancy, screening for pregnancy complications, physical, mental, psychosocial health, postpartum care and breastfeeding are priorities determined during preconceptional, pregnancy and postpartum periods. As healthcare professionals who accompany women in every period, awareness should be raised about weight management in preconceptional, pregnancy and postpartum period and effective attempts should be made. The aim of this study is to examine the issue of preventing of maternal obesity in preconceptional, pregnancy and postpartum cycle in accordance with the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• pregnancy
• obesity
• prevention & control
• perinatal care
• postpartum period

Kaynakça

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