RECONSIDERING THE ANTLER Y-BOX AND ITS FINDSPOT IN AN EARLY TRIALETI BURIAL IN SOS HÖYÜK, EASTERN TURKEY

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 1, 20 - 41, 30.12.2019

Claudia Sagona

Öz

In 1997, we published M16-Burial 2 from Sos Höyük, Eastern Turkey in which an unusual, Y-shaped antler artefact
was found. The tomb had the hallmarks of the Trialeti period and rendered an absolute date to match (2350-1945 cal
BC). Drawing on evidence for similar antler objects from European sites of the Middle Ages, I offer a re-evaluation
of the antler object from Sos Höyük as a box in its own right and not as a part of a larger apparatus, which was our
first supposition. Though this tomb was modest in scale, it held some frit beads and a seashell ring, which point to
long distance contacts. Signs of binding the corpse in this and in a second tomb at the site invite notions of prolonged
burial practices and a mobile society, though a society still retaining a sense of homeland and belonging to a territory.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sos Höyük, Trialeti, antler Y-box, shell rings, ochre

Kaynakça

• András 2018 G. András, “125. Hidvégardó, Malom-szög (KÖH 90221)”, J. Kisfaludi - J. Kvassay - A. Kreiter (eds.), Régészeti Kutatások Magyarországon 2011 (Archaeological Investigations in Hungary 2011), Budapest, 68. Bedianashvili-Sagona - Martkoplishvili-Longford-Losaberidze -Kirkitadze 2019 G. Bedianashvili - C. Sagona - I. Martkoplishvili - C. Longford- L. Losaberidze - G. Kirkitadze, “Archaeological Investigations at the Multiperiod Settlement of Rabati, Southwest Georgia: Preliminary Report (2016, 2018 seasons)”, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, 56, 1-133. Carminati 2014 E. Carminati, “Jewellery Manufacture in the Kura-Araxes and Bedeni Cultures of the Southern Caucasus: Analogies and Distinctions for the Reconstruction of a Cultural Changeover”, A. Golani and Z. Wygnańska (eds.), Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 23/2, Special Studies: Beyond Ornamentation. Jewellery as an Aspect of Material Culture in the Ancient Near East, Warsaw, 161-186. Christy 1903 M. Christy, “Concerning Tinder-Boxes. Article 1. Domestic Tinder-Boxes”, The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, 1(1), 55-62. Dostál 1981 B. Dostál, “Dute trojcipé parohové předmĕty v raném stredovĕku” (Hollow three-point antlers in the early Middle Ages), Sbomik Praci Filozofické Fakulty Bmĕnské University, 26, 43-58. Florkiewicz-Wołoszyn 2018 I. Florkiewicz - M. Wołoszyn, “Potrząsając Jabłonią Czyli Rogowy Pojemnik z Czermna (Badania Dawne)”, B. Niezabitowska-Wiśniewska - P. Łuczkiewicz - S. Sadowski - M. Stasiak-Cyran - M. I. Erdrich (eds.), Studia Barbarica. Profesorowi Andrzejowi Kokowskiemu w 65. Rocznicę Urodzin (Studies Barbarica. For Professor Andrzej Kokowski on the 65th Birthday Anniversary), vol. 2, Lublin, 456-594. Fuglesang 1991 S. H. Fuglesang, “The Axehead from Mammen and the Mammen Style”, M. Iversen (ed.), Mammen. Grav, Kunst og Samfund i Vikingetid, Jysk Arkæologisk Selskabs Skrifter, 28, Højbjerg, 83-107. Ghica-Milošević-Uroda - Dzino 2017 V. Ghica - A. Milošević - N. Uroda - D. Dzino “Varvaria/Breberium/Bribr Archaeological Project: The 2015 Excavation Season”, Hortus Artum Medievalium, 23(2), 776-796. Górecki 2005 J. Górecki, “Ze Studiów nad Rozwojem, Pochodzeniem oraz Funkcją Trzyczęściowych Rogowych Pojemników Okresu Wczesnego Średniowiecza” (Studies on Development, Origin and Function of Three-Part Horned Containers of the Early Middle Ages), Studia Lednickie, 8, 85-129. Grimm 1957 P. Grimm, “Ein Frühgeschichtliches Geweihgerät aus Havelberg”, Ausgrabungen und Funde Band, 2, 246-249. Kavánová 2005 B. Kavánová, “Knochen- und Geweihindustrie in Mikulčice”, Studien zum Burgwall von Mikulčice, Band 1, Brno, 113-378. Kolchin-Yanin-Yamshchikov 1985 B. A. Kolchin - V. L. Yanin - S. V. Yamshchikov, Древний Новгород: Прикладное Искусство и Археология (Ancient Novgorod: Applied Art and Archaeology), Мoscow. Luik 2011 H. Luik, “Material, Technology and Meaning: Antler Artefacts and Antler Working on the Eastern Shore of the Baltic Sea in the Late Bronze Age”, Estonian Journal of Archaeology, 15(1), 32-55. Makharadze 2016 Z. Makharadze, “Ananauri Big Kurgan No. 3”, Z. Makharadze - N. Kalandadze - B. Murvanidze, Ananauri Big Kurgan 3, Tbilisi, (in Georgian and English), 27-32. Makharadze-Kalandadze-Murvanidze 2016 Z. Makharadze - N. Kalandadze - B. Murvanidze, Ananauri Big Kurgan 3, Tbilisi (Georgian and English). Makharadze-Murvanidze 2014 Z. Makharadze - B. Murvanidze, “Ananauri no. 3 Kurgan”, Dziebani (Journal of Georgian Archaeology, with English summary), 22, 50-68. Nerman 1954 B. Nerman, “Penningväska Från Yngre Järnåldern? Smärre Meddelanden: Hammare eller Penningväska?” (Money Bag From the Early Iron Age? Minor Note: Hammer or Money Bag?), Fornvännen (Journal of Swedish Antiquarian Research), 52, 54-56. Overbeck-Bierbrauer 1979 B. Overbeck - K. Bierbrauer, “Der Schatzfund von Ilanz 1811”, Archäologie der Schweiz, 2(2), 119-125. Parr-Briggs-Sagona 1999 E. M. Parr - C. Briggs - A. Sagona, “A physical anthropological analysis of skeletons from Sos Höyük”, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, 36, 150-160. Pecqueur-Decaix-Lyonnet 2017 L. Pecqueur - A. Decaix - B. Lyonnet, “Un Kourgane de la Phase Martkopi à Mentesh Tepe (Période des Premiers Kourganes, Bronze Ancient)”, B. Helwing - T. Aliyev - B. Lyonnet - F. Guliyev - S. Hansen - G. Mirtskhulava (eds.), The Kura Projects: New Research on the Later Prehistory of the Southern Caucasus (Archäologie in Iran und Turan, vol. 16), Berlin, 179-192. Peintner-Pöder- Pümpel 1998 U. Peintner - R. Pöder - T. Pümpel, “The Iceman’s Fungi”, Mycological Research, 102(10), 1153-1162. Pfister 1844 J. G. Pfister, “Money-Horn of the Ninth Century”, Archaeologia, 30, 551-552. Pfister 1847 J. G. Pfister, “Saxon, or Early Norman Period”, Archaeological Journal, 4, 74-75. Piaszikówna 1950 M. Piaszikówna, “Zagadkowy Przedmiot Rogowy ze Zbiorów Muzeum Miejskiego w Kaliszu”, (An Enigmatic Antler Object from the Collection of the Musée Municipal de Kalisz), Przeglad Archeolgiczny, 9, 116-123. Pletnev 1967 C. A. Pletnev, От кочевий к городам. Салтово-маяцкая (From Nomads to the City. Saltovo-Mayaki Culture), Материалы и Исследования по Археологии СССР, Moscow.Nerman 1954 B. Nerman, “Penningväska Från Yngre Järnåldern? Smärre Meddelanden: Hammare eller Penningväska?” (Money Bag From the Early Iron Age? Minor Note: Hammer or Money Bag?), Fornvännen (Journal of Swedish Antiquarian Research), 52, 54-56. Overbeck-Bierbrauer 1979 B. Overbeck - K. Bierbrauer, “Der Schatzfund von Ilanz 1811”, Archäologie der Schweiz, 2(2), 119-125. Parr-Briggs-Sagona 1999 E. M. Parr - C. Briggs - A. Sagona, “A physical anthropological analysis of skeletons from Sos Höyük”, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, 36, 150-160. Pecqueur-Decaix-Lyonnet 2017 L. Pecqueur - A. Decaix - B. Lyonnet, “Un Kourgane de la Phase Martkopi à Mentesh Tepe (Période des Premiers Kourganes, Bronze Ancient)”, B. Helwing - T. Aliyev - B. Lyonnet - F. Guliyev - S. Hansen - G. Mirtskhulava (eds.), The Kura Projects: New Research on the Later Prehistory of the Southern Caucasus (Archäologie in Iran und Turan, vol. 16), Berlin, 179-192. Peintner-Pöder- Pümpel 1998 U. Peintner - R. Pöder - T. Pümpel, “The Iceman’s Fungi”, Mycological Research, 102(10), 1153-1162. Pfister 1844 J. G. Pfister, “Money-Horn of the Ninth Century”, Archaeologia, 30, 551-552. Pfister 1847 J. G. Pfister, “Saxon, or Early Norman Period”, Archaeological Journal, 4, 74-75. Piaszikówna 1950 M. Piaszikówna, “Zagadkowy Przedmiot Rogowy ze Zbiorów Muzeum Miejskiego w Kaliszu”, (An Enigmatic Antler Object from the Collection of the Musée Municipal de Kalisz), Przeglad Archeolgiczny, 9, 116-123. Pletnev 1967 C. A. Pletnev, От кочевий к городам. Салтово-маяцкая (From Nomads to the City. Saltovo-Mayaki Culture), Материалы и Исследования по Археологии СССР, Moscow. Profantová 1992 N. Profantová, “Awarische Funde aus den Gebieten Nördlich der Awarischen Siedlungsgrenzen”, F. Daim (ed.), Awarenforschungen Band 2, Archaeologia Austriaca monograph 1, Studien zur Archäologie der Awaren 4, Vienna, 605-802. Quliyev 2008 F. E. Quliyev, Barrows with Horse Burials in Azerbaijan (in Armenian, Russian and English), Baku. Rooke 1787 H. Rooke, “An Account of the Remains of two Roman Villas Discovered near Mansfield Woadehouse, in May and October 1786”, Archaeologia, 8, 363-376. Sagona 2018 A. Sagona, The Archaeology of the Caucasus: From Earliest Settlements to the Iron Age, Cambridge World Archaeology series,Cambridge. Sagona-Erkmen-Sagona-Howells 1997 A. Sagona - M. Erkmen - C. Sagona - S. Howells “Excavations at Sos Höyük 1996: Third Preliminary Report”, Anatolica, 23, 181- 223. Sagona-Erkmen-Sagona-McNiven-Howells 1998 A. Sagona - M. Erkmen - C. Sagona - I. McNiven - S. Howells, “Excavations at Sos Höyük, 1997: Fourth Preliminary Report”, Anatolica 24, 31-64. Sagona 2004 C. Sagona, “Did Xenophon take the Aras High Road? Observations on the Historical Geography of North-East Anatolia”, A. Sagona (ed.), A View from the Highlands: Archaeological Essays in Honour of Charles Burney, Louvain, 299-333. Schulze-Dörrlamm 2001 M. Schulze-Dörrlamm, “Herkunft und Funktion der Dreizipfligen Geweihbehälter des Frühen und Hohen Mittelalters”, Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz, published 2015 for 2001, 48(2), 529-557. Shatberashvili-Shatberashvili-Nikolaishvili 2010 Z. Shatberashvili - V. Shatberashvili - V. Nikolaishvili, “Bronze Age Burials at Tqemlara”, G. Gamkrelidze (ed.), The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan and South Caucasian Pipelines, Tbilisi, 194-206. Słowiński 2018 S. Słowiński, “Zdobiony Pojemnik z Poroża z Podzamcza w Szczecinie” (Decorated Container with Antlers from Podzamcze in Szczecin), in the Encyklopedia Pomorza Zachodniego, http://www.pomeranica.pl/wiki/Zdobiony_pojemnik_z_poroża_z_Podzamcza_w_Szczecinie. Szulta 2005 W. Szulta, “Most Zachodni, Tzw. Poznański przy Ostrowie Lednickim: Wyniki Podwodnych Badań Archeologicznych Prowadzonych w Latach 1999-2002”, Studia Lednickie, 8, 69-84. Tesch 2007 S. Tesch, “Cum Grano Salis - Salt and Prestige. Late Viking Age and Early Medieval T-shaped and Cylindrical Salt Containers”, U. Fransson - M. Svedin - S. Bergerbrant, Cultural Interaction between East and West. Archaeology, Artefacts and Human Contacts in Northern Europe during the Pre- and Early History (Stockholm Studies in Archaeology 44), 227-235. Žak 1963 J. Žak,“Importy”, Skandynawskie na Ziemiach Zachodnioslowianskich od IX do XI Wieku (“Imports”, Scandinavian in the West Slavonic lands from the 9th to the 11th Century), Poznanskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciol Nauk. Wydzial Historii i Nauk Spolecznych Prace Komisji Archeologicznej, vol. VI, notebook 1 (Polish), Poznan.