Assessing The Relationship Between Color Change and Tensile Strength In Thermoplastic Polyolefin Outer Sheaths of Low-voltage Power Cables

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 11 - 19

Metin Yurtsever , Avşin Öztaş , Reşat Mutlu

https://doi.org/10.59314/tujes.1432057

Öz

Power cables used outdoors age prematurely due to ultraviolet radiation. Their ampacity should be decreased accordingly to take a good performance. The mechanical strength of the cables may decrease and the color of the outer sheath of cable insulation changes when exposed to outdoor UV radiation. It is of great concern to know how the elongation strength of a cable varies with the exposure time to prevent cable break. To evaluate their UV resistance, UV chamber tests are performed. The determination of the color of the cable insulator is also an important part of the test. In this study, Thermoplastic Polyolefin (TPO) insulation to be used in the outer sheath of low-voltage power cables is aged in a Q-SUN Xenon light test chamber. 240-, 480-, and 720-hour test durations are chosen in the experiments. All elongation at break tests are made with a Zwick/Roell Z010 Tensile Tester and a gray scale is used for assessing the color change. It has been found that the color change of Thermoplastic Polyolefin does not reflect the elongation at break and tensile strength value changes much and the elongation at break value of Thermoplastic polyolefin is not a monotonous function of UV exposure time.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Power Cables, Ultraviolet, UV Test, Cable Tests, Gray Scale Color Test, Insulation.

Etik Beyan

The authors declared no conflicts of interest concerning the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Destekleyen Kurum

Ünika Üniversal Kablo Sanayi ve Tic. A.Ş.

Proje Numarası

UPN-2206

Teşekkür

This study has been supported through the project UPN-2206 funded by the research and development center of Ünika Üniversal Kablo Sanayi ve Tic. A.Ş. The researchers are thankful to Kaan Önder and Fatih Yerişenoglu for their assistance.

Alçak Gerilim Güç Kablolarının Dış Kılıfında Kullanılan Termoplastik Poliolefinin Renk Değişimi ile Gerilme Direnci Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Açık havada kullanılan güç kabloları morötesi radyasyon nedeniyle erken yaşlanır. İyi bir performans alabilmek için kabloların akım taşıma kapasitelerinin buna göre azaltılması gerekir. Dış mekânda mor ötesi ışınlarına maruz kaldığında kabloların mekanik mukavemeti azalabilir ve kablonun dış kablo kılıfının rengi değişir. Kablo kopmasını önlemek için bir kablonun uzama mukavemetinin maruz kalma süresine göre nasıl değiştiğini bilmek büyük önem taşımaktadır. UV dirençlerini değerlendirmek için UV odası testleri yapılır. Kablonun yalıtkanının renginin belirlenmesi de testin bir parçasıdır. Bu çalışmada alçak gerilim güç kablolarının kılıfında kullanılacak Termoplastik Poliolefin (TPO) yalıtkanının Q-SUN Xenon ışık test odasında yaşlandırılması yapılmıştır. Deneylerde 240, 480 ve 720 saatlik test süreleri seçilmiştir. Kopma esnasındaki uzama için tüm testler Zwick/Roell Z010 Çekme Test Cihazı ile yapılmıştır ve renk değişimini değerlendirmek için gri skala kullanılmıştır. Termoplastik Poliolefin’in renk değişiminin kopma uzamasını ve gerilme direncinin değişimini fazla yansıtmadığı ve Kopma uzamasının morötesi maruziyet zamanının monoton bir fonksiyonu olmadığı ve tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Güç Kabloları, Ultraviyole, UV Testi, Kablo Testleri, Gri Tonlama Renk Testi, Yalıtım.

Proje Numarası

UPN-2206

Kaynakça

• Alghamdi, A. S., & Desuqi, R. K. (2020). A study of expected lifetime of XLPE insulation cables working at elevated temperatures by applying accelerated thermal ageing. Heliyon, 6(1).
• Amin, S., & Amin, M. (2011). Thermoplastic elastomeric (TPE) materials and their use in outdoor electrical insulation. Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci, 29(1), 15-30.
• Ammala, A., Hill, A. J., Meakin, P., Pas, S. J., & Turney, T. W. (2002). Degradation studies of polyolefins incorporating transparent nanoparticulate zinc oxide UV stabilizers. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 4(1), 167-174.
• Arora, R., & Tripathi, V. (2004, September). Effect of ultra violet irradiation on low voltage cable insulation. In Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation (pp. 358-361). IEEE.
• Bide, M. (2010). Colour measurement and fastness assessment. In Colour Measurement (pp. 196- 217). Woodhead Publishing.
• Choudhary, M., Shafiq, M., Kiitam, I., Hussain, A., Palu, I., & Taklaja, P. (2022). A review of aging models for electrical insulation in power cables. Energies, 15(9), 3408.
• Dang, C., Parpal, J. L., & Crine, J. P. (1996). Electrical aging of extruded dielectric cables: review of existing theories and data. IEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical insulation, 3(2), 237- 247.
• Geussens, T. (2021). Thermoplastics for cables. The Global Cable Industry: Materials, Markets, Products, 21-55.
• Grause, G., Chien, M. F., & Inoue, C. (2020). Changes during the weathering of polyolefins. Polymer degradation and stability, 181, 109364.
• Guillet, J. E. (1980). Studies of the mechanism of polyolefin photodegradation. Pure and Applied Chemistry 19th, 52(2), 285-294.
• Harris, R. M. (1999). Coloring technology for plastics. William Andrew.
• Hedir, A., & Moudoud, M. (2016). Effect of ultraviolet radiations on medium and high voltage cables insulation properties. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 8(5), 2308-2317.
• Hedir, A., Bechouche, A., Moudoud, M., Teguar, M., Lamrous, O., & Rondot, S. (2020).
• Experimental and predicted XLPE cable insulation properties under UVRadiation. Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, 28(3), 1763-1775.
• İlhan, S., & Özdemir, A. (2004, December) Elektriksel Yalıtım Sistemlerinde Yaşlanma, Yaşlanma Modelleri Ve İstatistiksel Veri Analizi, Elektrik-Elektronik Ve Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Sempozyumu ELECO 2004 (ELECO 2004).
• International Standard. (2011). IEC 60811- 501. Electric and Optical Fibre Cables – Test Methods for Non-metallic Materials - Part 501: Mechanical Tests – Tests for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Insulating and Sheathing Compounds, IEC Central Office. https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/3551. Retrieved 03.02.2021.
• Ismail, N. H., & Mustapha, M. (2018). A review of thermoplastic elastomeric nanocomposites for high voltage insulation applications. Polymer Engineering & Science, 58(S1), E36-E63.
• Karhan, M. (2021). Dielektrik Malzemelerin Yüzeyleri için Islanabilirlik ve Buharlaşma Hızının Analizine Yönelik Ayrık Kosinüs Dönüşümü Tabanlı Bir Yaklaşım. Gazi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 160-168.
• Liu, G., Ning, J., Gu, Z., & Wang, Z. (2021, March). Stability Test on Power Supply to the XenonLamp of Solar Simulator. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1820, No. 1, p. 012142). IOP Publishing.
• Lu, T., Solis-Ramos, E., Yi, Y., & Kumosa, M. (2018). UV degradation model for polymers and polymer matrix composites. Polymer degradation and stability, 154, 203-210.
• Pandey, K. K., & Vuorinen, T. (2008). Comparative study of photodegradation of wood by a UV laser and a xenon light source. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 93(12), 2138-2146.
• Q-SUN Xenon light test chamber Model Xe-1 / https://www.q-lab.com/tr-tr/products/q-sunxenon-arc-test-chambers/, Retrieved 03.02.2021. Shwehdi, M. H., Morsy, M. A., & Abugurain, A. (2003, October). Thermal aging tests on XLPE and PVC cable insulation materials of Saudi Arabia. In 2003 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (pp. 176- 180). IEEE.
• Standard, A. (2005). ASTM Standard G155 standard practice for operating xenon arc light Apparatus for exposure of non-metallic materials. ASTM International. https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/42608/1e37 cd07634b4c579d12b3b1d4ad376a/ASTM-G155- 05.pdf. Retrieved 03.02.2021.
• Standard, IEEE. (2021). IEEE 1580-2021. IEEE Recommended Practice for Marine Cable for Use on Shipboard and Fixed or Floating Facilities. IEEE. https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1580/7228/, Retrieved 03.02.2021.
• Standard, UL. (2021). UL 2556 UL Standard for Safety Wire and Cable Test Methods, Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL), 5th Edition. https://global.ihs.com/doc_detail.cfm?document_ name=UL%202556&item_s_key=00467382, Retrieved 03.02.2021.
• Tan, R. K., Önder, K., Yerişenoğlu, F., & Mutlu, R. (2023). Usage of an Excel Spreadsheet for a Thermal Endurance Test Report. European Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 6(2), 91-97.
• Thue, W. A. (2017). Electrical power cable engineering (Vol. 1). Crc Press. Wypych, G. (Ed.). (2020). Handbook of UV degradation and stabilization. Elsevier.
• Zhu, J., Jin, L., & Li, C. (2023, October). Research and design of a wireless calibration device for measuring irradiance in solar aging test chambers. In Fifth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science (AICS 2023) (Vol. 12803, pp. 573-577). SPIE.