Social Customer Journey Map: A Research on Communication Agencies
Yıl 2023,
Sayı: 44, 90 - 108, 27.12.2023
Cudi Kaan Okmeydan
,
Işık Özkan
Öz
The aim of this study is to obtain in-depth information about the knowledge and experience of communication agencies regarding the concept of social customer journey. Based on a phenomenological research pattern, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven experts working in communication agencies operating throughout Turkey. Then, the themes emerging throughout the study were subjected to descriptive analysis. The findings revealed that agency-brand cooperation is extremely important in the planning process of social customer journey. It was determined that the agencies visualized the process by creating a customer journey map at the planning stage. In addition, it has been determined that all the problems that customers may encounter during the planning stage have been foreseen and solutions have been produced. Findings also reveal that communication agencies tracked customer movements on social media to provide a better experience to customers. Utilizing various online tracking and reporting software, these agencies monitored websites and received reports about consumer behaviour. Findings also demonstrate that it has become a necessity for agencies and brands to invest in Artificial Intelligence- powered automation systems in order to provide a better experience to customers and maximize interaction.
Kaynakça
- Adams, W. (2015). Conducting semi-structured interviews. J. Wholey, H. Hatry, & K. Newcomer (Eds). In Handbook of practical program evaluation (pp. 492-505). Jossey-Bass.
- Alikılıç, İ. (2020). R Stüdyo ile çok uluslu medyalar arası gündem belirleme analizi. İksad Yayınevi.
- Balboni, K. (2021). 144 best customer journey map templates and examples, user interviews. User Interviews.
https://www.userinterviews.com/blog/best-customer-journey-map-templates-examples
- Başkale, H. (2016). Nitel araştırmalarda geçerlik, güvenirlik ve örneklem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 9(1), 23-28. Retrieved June 02, 2022 from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/753041
- Breidbach, C.F., Brodie, R., & Hollebeek, L. (2014). Beyond virtuality: From engagement platforms to engagement ecosystems. Managing Service Quality, 24(6), 592-611.
- Canfield, D. S., & Basso, K. (2017). Integrating satisfaction and cultural background in the costumer journey: A method development and test. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 29(2), 104-117.https://doi.org/10.1080/08961.530.2016.1261647
- Chougule, T.J., Nadkarni, S, & Patel, B. (2020, December 4-6). Optimization of social media comments to improve customer journey using machine learning [Conference presentation]. IEEE Bombay Section Signature Conference (IBSSC), Mumbai, India. https://doi.org/10.1109/IBSSC51096.2020.933.2188
- Coffey, A, & Atkinson, P. (1996). Making sense of qualitative data: Complementary research strategies. Sage Publications Inc.
Creswell, J. W. (2019). Karma araştırma yöntemlerine giriş. Pagem Akademi.
- Crosier, A, & Handford, A. (2012). Customer journey mapping as an advocacy tool for disabled people: A case
study. Social Marketing Quarterly, 18(1), 67-76.
- Demmers, J, Weltevreden, J.W.J, & van Dolen, W.M. (2020). Consumer engagement with brand posts on social
media in consecutive stages of the customer journey. Internatıonal Journal of Electronic Commerce,
24(1), 53-77. https://doi.org/10.1080/10864.415.2019.1683701
- Erdoğan, İ. (2007). Pozitivist metodoloji-Bilimsel araştırma tasarımı istatiksel yöntemler analiz ve yorum (2. bs).
Erk Yayınları.
- Forbus, P. (2020). Commentary: The case for a healthier social customer journey. Journal of Marketing, 85(1), 93-97.
- Grewal, D., Ahlbom, C. P., Noble, S. M., Shankar, V., Narang, U. & Nordfält, J. (2022). The impact of
in-store inspirational (vs. deal-oriented) communication on spending: The importance of activating consumption goal-completion. Journal of Marketing Research, 14, 701-716. https://doi. org/10.1177/002.224.37221149508
- Gusmão, L, Helito, H, Anarelli, T, Conceiçao, J.R, Ji, T, & Barros, G. (2020, September 28-October 2). A customer journey mapping approach to improve CPFL energia fraud detection predictive models [Conference presentation]. IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution Conference & Exposition Latin America, Montevideo, Uruguay. https://doi.org/10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.932.6214
- Güler, A., Halıcıoğlu, M. B. & Taşğın, S. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayınları.
- Hamilton, R., Ferraro, R., Hawsi, K. L, & Mukhopadhyay, A. (2020). Traveling with companions: The social
customer journey. Journal of Marketing, 85(1), 68-92. https://doi.org/10.1177/002.224.2920908227
- Homburg, C., & Tischer, M. (2023). Customer journey management capability in business-to-business markets: Its bright and dark sides and overall impact on firm performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, (51), 1046-1074. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747.023.00923-9
- Honorene, J. (2017). Understanding the role of triangulation in research. Educational Evaluation & Research, 4(13),
91-95. https://www.srjis.com/assets/Allpdf/149.544.238718.%20HONORENO%20JOHNSON.pdf
- Kazi, A., Desai, R., Paradhi, M., & Khadilkar, S. (2022). Augmented reality e-commerce application. International
Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 10(4), 100-104. https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRTO020020.pdf.
- Lemon, K. N, & Verhoef, P. C. (2016). Understanding customer experience throughout the customer journey.
Journal of Marketing, 80(6), 69-96. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.15.0420
- Lundin, L., & Kindström, D. (2023). Digitalizing customer journeys in B2B markets. Journal of Business Research.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113639
- Luz Martin-Pena, M, Diaz-Garrido, E., & Sanchez-Lopez, J.M. (2018). The digitalization and servitization
of manufacturing: A review on digital business models. Strategic Change, 27(2), 91-99. https://doi. org/10.1002/JSC.2184
- Marino, V., & Lo Presti, L. (2018). Engagement, satisfaction and customer behavior-based CRM performance: An empirical study of mobile instant messaging. Journal Of Service Theory and Practice, 5(28), 682-707. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTP-11-2017-0222
- Mattick, K., Johnston, J., & de la Croix, A. (2018). How to write a good research question. Clin Teach, 15(2),104- 108. https://doi.org/10.1111/tct.12776
- Merriam, S. B. (2018). Nitel araştırma-desen ve uygulama için bir rehber. (S. Turan, trans.). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım. Mottesi, C. (2023). What is ChatGPT? An introduction to OpenAI’s conversational AI Model. Invgate. Retrieved
09.09. 2022 from https://blog.invgate.com/what-is-chatgpt.
- Muret, P. (2013). Measurement in a constantly connected world. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 08.27.2022
from https://hbr.org/2013/06/measurement-in-a-constantly-connected-world.
- Norton, D. W., & Pine, B. J. (2013). Using the customerjourney to road test and refine the business model.
Strategy & Leadership, 41(2), 12-17. https://doi.org/10.1108/108.785.71311318196
- Onete, C. B., Albăstroiu, I., & Dina, R. (2017). Consumer between web 2.0 and web 3.0. S. Sabah (Ed). Consumer
Behavior (pp. 29-43). Intech Open. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71268
- Radoičić, J., Vujović, S., & Vujović, T. (2022). The influence of augmented reality on online user experiences.
TEME, XLVI(3), 733-752. https://doi.org/10.22190/teme210611039r
- Ramos, H. (2009). Developing research questions: A guide for social scientists. Canadian Journal of Sociology,
34(4), 1145-1147. https://doi.org/10.29173/CJS6675
- Rose, P., Beeby, J., & Parker, D. (1995). Academic rigour in the lived experience of researchers using
phenomenological methods in nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21(6), 1123-1129. https://doi.
org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1995.210.61123.x
- Rosenbaum, M. S., Otalora, M. L., & Ramirez, G. C. (2017). How to create realistic customer journey map.
Business Horizons, 60(1), 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2016.09.010
- Rusthollkarhu, S., Toukola, S., Aarikka-Stenroos, L., & Mahlamäki, T. (2022). Managing B2B customer journeys in digital era: Four management activities with artificial intelligence-empowered tools. Industrial Marketing Management, 104(1), 241-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.04.014
- Ryan, F., Coughlan, M., & Cronin, P. (2009). Interviewing in qualitative research: The one to one interview. International Journal of Therapy And Rehabilitation, 16(6), 309-314. https://doi.org/10.12968/IJTR.2009.16.6.42433
- Strauss, A. L. (1987). Qualitative analysis for social scientists. Cambridge University Press.
- Tanveer, M., Khan, N., & Ahmad, A. R. (2021, April 6-7). AI support marketing: Understanding the customer
journey towards the business development [Conference presentation]. 1st International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics (CAIDA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. https://doi.org/10.1109/ CAIDA51941.2021.942.5079
- Terho, H., Mero, J., Siutla, L., & Jaakkola, J. (2022). Digital content marketing in business markets: Activities, consequences, and contingencies along the customer journey. Industrial Marketing Management, 105(7), 294-310. https://doi.org/10.12968/IJTR.2009.16.6.42433
- Whittle, S., & Foster, M. (1989). Customer profiling: Getting into your customer’s shoes. Management Decision, 27(6), 27-30..https://doi.org/10.1108/002.517.48910132575
- Yahav, I., Schwartz, D. G., & Welcman, Y. (2019). The journey to engaged customer community: Evidential social CRM maturity model in Twitter. Wiley, 36(3), 305-306. https://doi.org/10.1002/asmb.2495
- Yan, Y., Gupta, S., Licsandru, T.C., & Schoefer, K. (2022). Integrating machine learning, Yan, Y., Gupta, S., Licsandru, T.C., & Schoefer, K. (2022). Integrating machine learning, modularity and supply chain integration for Branding 4.0. Industrial Marketing Management, 104, 136-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.04.013
- Yüksel, A. N. (2020). Nitel bir araştırma tekniği olarak: Görüşme. International Social Sciences Studies Journal,
6(56), 547-552. https://doi.org/10.26449/sssj.2099
- Zierock, B., & Jungblut, A. (2023). ChatGPT and content creation automation. Retrieved 09.22. 2022 from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367559645_ChatGPT_and_content_creation_automation.
Sosyal Müşteri Yolculuğu Haritası: İletişim Ajansları Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Yıl 2023,
Sayı: 44, 90 - 108, 27.12.2023
Cudi Kaan Okmeydan
,
Işık Özkan
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı iletişim ajanslarının sosyal müşteri yolculuğu kavramına yönelik bilgi ve tecrübeleri hakkında derinlemesine bilgi edinmektir. Çalışmada fenomenolojik bir araştırma deseninden yola çıkarak Türkiye çapında faaliyet gösteren iletişim ajanslarında çalışan on bir uzman ile yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiş ve oluşturulan temalar betimsel analize tabi tutulmuştur. Ortaya çıkan bulgular; sosyal müşteri yolculuğu planlama sürecinde ajans-marka iş birliğinin son derece önemli olduğunu göstermiştir. Planlama aşamasında ajansların müşteri yolculuğu haritası oluşturarak süreci görselleştirdikleri saptanmıştır. Buna ek olarak planlama aşamasında müşterilerin karşılaşabileceği bütün sorunların önceden tahmin edilerek çözümler üretildiği tespit edilmiştir. Müşterilere daha iyi deneyim sunabilmesi adına çeşitli çevrimiçi takip ve raporlama yazılımlarından destek alınarak onların sosyal medya ve web sitelerindeki hareketlerinin izlenip raporlandığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Ortaya çıkan bir diğer önemli bulgu ise müşterilere daha iyi deneyim sunabilmek ve etkileşimi en üst seviyeye çıkarabilmek adına ajansların ve markaların yapay zekâ destekli otomasyon sistemlerine yatırım yapmalarının zorunluluk haline geldiğidir.
Kaynakça
- Adams, W. (2015). Conducting semi-structured interviews. J. Wholey, H. Hatry, & K. Newcomer (Eds). In Handbook of practical program evaluation (pp. 492-505). Jossey-Bass.
- Alikılıç, İ. (2020). R Stüdyo ile çok uluslu medyalar arası gündem belirleme analizi. İksad Yayınevi.
- Balboni, K. (2021). 144 best customer journey map templates and examples, user interviews. User Interviews.
https://www.userinterviews.com/blog/best-customer-journey-map-templates-examples
- Başkale, H. (2016). Nitel araştırmalarda geçerlik, güvenirlik ve örneklem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 9(1), 23-28. Retrieved June 02, 2022 from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/753041
- Breidbach, C.F., Brodie, R., & Hollebeek, L. (2014). Beyond virtuality: From engagement platforms to engagement ecosystems. Managing Service Quality, 24(6), 592-611.
- Canfield, D. S., & Basso, K. (2017). Integrating satisfaction and cultural background in the costumer journey: A method development and test. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 29(2), 104-117.https://doi.org/10.1080/08961.530.2016.1261647
- Chougule, T.J., Nadkarni, S, & Patel, B. (2020, December 4-6). Optimization of social media comments to improve customer journey using machine learning [Conference presentation]. IEEE Bombay Section Signature Conference (IBSSC), Mumbai, India. https://doi.org/10.1109/IBSSC51096.2020.933.2188
- Coffey, A, & Atkinson, P. (1996). Making sense of qualitative data: Complementary research strategies. Sage Publications Inc.
Creswell, J. W. (2019). Karma araştırma yöntemlerine giriş. Pagem Akademi.
- Crosier, A, & Handford, A. (2012). Customer journey mapping as an advocacy tool for disabled people: A case
study. Social Marketing Quarterly, 18(1), 67-76.
- Demmers, J, Weltevreden, J.W.J, & van Dolen, W.M. (2020). Consumer engagement with brand posts on social
media in consecutive stages of the customer journey. Internatıonal Journal of Electronic Commerce,
24(1), 53-77. https://doi.org/10.1080/10864.415.2019.1683701
- Erdoğan, İ. (2007). Pozitivist metodoloji-Bilimsel araştırma tasarımı istatiksel yöntemler analiz ve yorum (2. bs).
Erk Yayınları.
- Forbus, P. (2020). Commentary: The case for a healthier social customer journey. Journal of Marketing, 85(1), 93-97.
- Grewal, D., Ahlbom, C. P., Noble, S. M., Shankar, V., Narang, U. & Nordfält, J. (2022). The impact of
in-store inspirational (vs. deal-oriented) communication on spending: The importance of activating consumption goal-completion. Journal of Marketing Research, 14, 701-716. https://doi. org/10.1177/002.224.37221149508
- Gusmão, L, Helito, H, Anarelli, T, Conceiçao, J.R, Ji, T, & Barros, G. (2020, September 28-October 2). A customer journey mapping approach to improve CPFL energia fraud detection predictive models [Conference presentation]. IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution Conference & Exposition Latin America, Montevideo, Uruguay. https://doi.org/10.1109/TDLA47668.2020.932.6214
- Güler, A., Halıcıoğlu, M. B. & Taşğın, S. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayınları.
- Hamilton, R., Ferraro, R., Hawsi, K. L, & Mukhopadhyay, A. (2020). Traveling with companions: The social
customer journey. Journal of Marketing, 85(1), 68-92. https://doi.org/10.1177/002.224.2920908227
- Homburg, C., & Tischer, M. (2023). Customer journey management capability in business-to-business markets: Its bright and dark sides and overall impact on firm performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, (51), 1046-1074. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747.023.00923-9
- Honorene, J. (2017). Understanding the role of triangulation in research. Educational Evaluation & Research, 4(13),
91-95. https://www.srjis.com/assets/Allpdf/149.544.238718.%20HONORENO%20JOHNSON.pdf
- Kazi, A., Desai, R., Paradhi, M., & Khadilkar, S. (2022). Augmented reality e-commerce application. International
Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 10(4), 100-104. https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRTO020020.pdf.
- Lemon, K. N, & Verhoef, P. C. (2016). Understanding customer experience throughout the customer journey.
Journal of Marketing, 80(6), 69-96. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.15.0420
- Lundin, L., & Kindström, D. (2023). Digitalizing customer journeys in B2B markets. Journal of Business Research.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113639
- Luz Martin-Pena, M, Diaz-Garrido, E., & Sanchez-Lopez, J.M. (2018). The digitalization and servitization
of manufacturing: A review on digital business models. Strategic Change, 27(2), 91-99. https://doi. org/10.1002/JSC.2184
- Marino, V., & Lo Presti, L. (2018). Engagement, satisfaction and customer behavior-based CRM performance: An empirical study of mobile instant messaging. Journal Of Service Theory and Practice, 5(28), 682-707. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTP-11-2017-0222
- Mattick, K., Johnston, J., & de la Croix, A. (2018). How to write a good research question. Clin Teach, 15(2),104- 108. https://doi.org/10.1111/tct.12776
- Merriam, S. B. (2018). Nitel araştırma-desen ve uygulama için bir rehber. (S. Turan, trans.). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım. Mottesi, C. (2023). What is ChatGPT? An introduction to OpenAI’s conversational AI Model. Invgate. Retrieved
09.09. 2022 from https://blog.invgate.com/what-is-chatgpt.
- Muret, P. (2013). Measurement in a constantly connected world. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 08.27.2022
from https://hbr.org/2013/06/measurement-in-a-constantly-connected-world.
- Norton, D. W., & Pine, B. J. (2013). Using the customerjourney to road test and refine the business model.
Strategy & Leadership, 41(2), 12-17. https://doi.org/10.1108/108.785.71311318196
- Onete, C. B., Albăstroiu, I., & Dina, R. (2017). Consumer between web 2.0 and web 3.0. S. Sabah (Ed). Consumer
Behavior (pp. 29-43). Intech Open. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71268
- Radoičić, J., Vujović, S., & Vujović, T. (2022). The influence of augmented reality on online user experiences.
TEME, XLVI(3), 733-752. https://doi.org/10.22190/teme210611039r
- Ramos, H. (2009). Developing research questions: A guide for social scientists. Canadian Journal of Sociology,
34(4), 1145-1147. https://doi.org/10.29173/CJS6675
- Rose, P., Beeby, J., & Parker, D. (1995). Academic rigour in the lived experience of researchers using
phenomenological methods in nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21(6), 1123-1129. https://doi.
org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1995.210.61123.x
- Rosenbaum, M. S., Otalora, M. L., & Ramirez, G. C. (2017). How to create realistic customer journey map.
Business Horizons, 60(1), 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2016.09.010
- Rusthollkarhu, S., Toukola, S., Aarikka-Stenroos, L., & Mahlamäki, T. (2022). Managing B2B customer journeys in digital era: Four management activities with artificial intelligence-empowered tools. Industrial Marketing Management, 104(1), 241-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.04.014
- Ryan, F., Coughlan, M., & Cronin, P. (2009). Interviewing in qualitative research: The one to one interview. International Journal of Therapy And Rehabilitation, 16(6), 309-314. https://doi.org/10.12968/IJTR.2009.16.6.42433
- Strauss, A. L. (1987). Qualitative analysis for social scientists. Cambridge University Press.
- Tanveer, M., Khan, N., & Ahmad, A. R. (2021, April 6-7). AI support marketing: Understanding the customer
journey towards the business development [Conference presentation]. 1st International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics (CAIDA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. https://doi.org/10.1109/ CAIDA51941.2021.942.5079
- Terho, H., Mero, J., Siutla, L., & Jaakkola, J. (2022). Digital content marketing in business markets: Activities, consequences, and contingencies along the customer journey. Industrial Marketing Management, 105(7), 294-310. https://doi.org/10.12968/IJTR.2009.16.6.42433
- Whittle, S., & Foster, M. (1989). Customer profiling: Getting into your customer’s shoes. Management Decision, 27(6), 27-30..https://doi.org/10.1108/002.517.48910132575
- Yahav, I., Schwartz, D. G., & Welcman, Y. (2019). The journey to engaged customer community: Evidential social CRM maturity model in Twitter. Wiley, 36(3), 305-306. https://doi.org/10.1002/asmb.2495
- Yan, Y., Gupta, S., Licsandru, T.C., & Schoefer, K. (2022). Integrating machine learning, Yan, Y., Gupta, S., Licsandru, T.C., & Schoefer, K. (2022). Integrating machine learning, modularity and supply chain integration for Branding 4.0. Industrial Marketing Management, 104, 136-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.04.013
- Yüksel, A. N. (2020). Nitel bir araştırma tekniği olarak: Görüşme. International Social Sciences Studies Journal,
6(56), 547-552. https://doi.org/10.26449/sssj.2099
- Zierock, B., & Jungblut, A. (2023). ChatGPT and content creation automation. Retrieved 09.22. 2022 from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367559645_ChatGPT_and_content_creation_automation.