Araştırma Makalesi
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The Effect of Intercultural Sensitivity of Tourism Guidance Undergraduate Students on Career Expectations

Yıl 2022, , 142 - 160, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.34090/tured.1196445

Öz

Purpose and Importance: This research aims to reveal the impact of tourist guidance on undergraduate students' intercultural sensitivities on their career expectations. As it is well-known, tourism is the encounter of different cultures, which are foreign to each other, in the same environment in most cases. Tourist guides should have intercultural sensitivity for guest satisfaction and success in this context. The fact that there is no study examining the effect of intercultural sensitivity on career expectancy in tourist guidance makes this research important in the context of its results. The presence of tourist guides without intercultural sensitivity is not preferred in terms of visitor satisfaction and work-career harmony. Therefore, the current research results are expected to contribute to the relevant literature and the sector.

Methodology: In this research, a questionnaire was applied to 167 tourism guidance students between 15 March and 30 April 2021 via Google forms. In the analysis; validity and reliability tests for scales; frequency and percentage analyses, and arithmetic mean and standard deviation calculations were performed in descriptive analyses. The relationship between the research variables was measured with correlation analysis, and the research hypothesis was tested with regression analysis.

Findings: In the research, it was determined that the intercultural sensitivity levels of the students affected their career expectations. In addition, it was determined that only the sub-dimension of enjoying interaction among the sub-dimensions of intercultural sensitivity caused a change in career expectations.

Originality/Value: The findings are in line with the results of a very limited number of studies on similar variables. On the other hand, the lack of research that directly addresses the subject in the context of tourist guidance students makes this research a pioneer in its field and constitutes a source for future research.

Keywords: Intercultural communication, intercultural sensitivity, career expectations, tourism guidance students

Kaynakça

  • AKÜ Turizm Fakültesia (2021). Turizm rehberliği bölümü: Bölüm genel tanıtımı. https://turizm. aku.edu.tr/bolum-genel-tanitimi3/
  • AKÜ Turizm Fakültesib (2021). Sayısal veriler. https://turizm.aku.edu.tr/sayisal-veriler/
  • Albuz, N., Çakmak, T.F., Eren, A., Tekin, Ö. & Güven Yeşildağ, G.N. (2018). Turizm rehberliğine giriş. Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Alıcı, N. K. (2021). Cultural sensitivity and attitudes towards refugees of Turkish nursing students: A cross sectional descriptive study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 80, 1-6.
  • Anderson, P. H., Lawton, L., Rexeisen, R. J. & Hubbard, A. C. (2006). Short-term study abroad and intercultural sensitivity: A pilot study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30(4), 457-469.
  • Antoniu, E. (2010). Career planning process and its role in human resource development. Annals of the University of Petroşani, Economics, 10(2), 13-22.
  • Arlı, S. K. & Bakan, A. B. (2018). An investigation of the relationship between intercultural sensitivity and compassion in nurses. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 63, 38-42.
  • Aryee, S. & Debrah, Y. A. (1993). A cross‐cultural application of a career planning model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(2), 119-127.
  • Avcıkurt, C. (2017). Turizm sosyolojisi: Genel ve yapısal yaklaşım. (5. Baskı). Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Aymankuy, Y. & Aymankuy, Ş. (2001). Turizm işletmeciliği eğitimi alan öğrencilerin turizm sektöründeki istihdamla ilgili görüşleri ve sektördeki kariyer beklentileri (Balıkesir Üniversitesi Turizm İşletmeciliği ve Otelcilik Yüksekokulu Örneği). Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 35, 1-21.
  • Bakan, A. B. & Yıldız, M. (2020). An investigation of the relationship between intercultural sensitivity and religious orientation among nurses. Journal of Religion and Health, 60, 178-187.
  • Bennett, M. J. (1986). A developmental approach to training for intercultural sensitivity. International Journal of Intercultural Studies, 10, 176-96.
  • Bennett, M. & Bennett J. (2004). Developing intercultural sensitivity: An integrative approach to global and domestic diversity. İçinde: D. Landis, J. Bennett & M. Bennett (Eds). The handbook of intercultural training, (3. Edition). Sage Publications.
  • Bhawuk, D.P.S. & Brislin, R. (1992). The measurement of intercultural sensitivity using the concepts of individualism and collectivism. International Journal of Intercultural Studies, 16, 413-436.
  • Chen, G. (1997). A review of the concept of intercultural sensitivity. Biennial Convention of the Pacific and Asian Communication Association. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408634.pdf
  • Chen, G. & Starosta, W. J. (2000). The development and validation of the intercultural sensitivity scale. Human Communication, 3, 1-15.
  • Cohen, E. (1985). The tourist guide: The origins, structure, and dynamics of a role. Annals of Tourism Research, 12(1), 5-29.
  • Çavuş, Ş. & Kaya, A. (2015). Turizm lisans eğitimi alan öğrencilerin kariyer planları ve turizm sektörüne yönelik tutumu. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(5), 101-117.
  • Çiloğlan, F. & Bardakçi, M. (2019). The relationship between intercultural sensitivity and english language achievement. Dil ve Dilbilimi Çalışmaları Dergisi, 15(3), 1204-1214.
  • Dhevabanchachai, N. T. & Wattanacharoensil, W. (2017). Students’ expectations, experiences, and career direction after in-house internship: The pedagogical role of the hotel training center in Thailand. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 17(2), 118-134.
  • Doğancılı, O. C. & Karaçar, E. (2019). Turist rehberlerinin işlevleri. İçinde: B. Zengin, G. Erkol Bayram & O. Batman (Eds). Turist rehberliği mesleği (dünü-bugünü-yarını). Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Dong, Q., Day, K. D. & Collaço, C. M. (2008). Overcoming ethnocentrism through developing intercultural communication sensitivity and multiculturalism. Human Communication, 11(1), 27-38.
  • Etmyonline (2022) Culture. https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=culture
  • Field, A. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS. Sage Publications.
  • Fritz, W., Mollenberg, A. & Chen, G. M. (2001). Measuring intercultural sensitivity in different cultural context. Biannual Meeting of the International Association for Intercultural Communication Studies. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED456491.pdf
  • Griffin, B. & Hu, W. (2019). Parental career expectations: Effect on medical students’ career attitudes over time. Medical Education, 53(6), 584-592.
  • Güzel, F. Ö. & Köroğlu, Ö. (2015). Turlarda turistlerin sergiledikleri davranış kalıplarının belirlenmesi: Turist rehberlerine yönelik bir araştırma. Uluslararası Hakemli Akademik ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 4(11), 1-22.
  • Hammer, M.R., Bennett, M.J. & Wiseman, R. (2003). Measuring intercultural sensitivity: The intercultural development inventory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27, 421-443.
  • Hammersley, M. (2019). The concept of culture: A history and reappraisal. Palgrave Macmillian.
  • Horner, S. & Swarbrooke, J. (2007). Consumer behaviour in tourism. (2. Edition). Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Hughes, M. & Croehler, C. (2010). Sociology: The core. (10th Edition). McGraw-Hill Companies.
  • Kim, K., Hallab, Z. & Lee, H. R. (2009). Career preferences and expectations. Anatolia, 20(2), 441-445.
  • Kucharvy, T. (2014). Creating a pathway to your dream: Career designing and controlling a career around your life goals. Business Expert Press.
  • Napolitano, C. M., Hoff, K. A., Ming, C. W. J., Tu, N. & Rounds, J. (2020). Great expectations: Adolescents' intentional self-regulation predicts career aspiration and expectation consistency. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 120, 1-13.
  • Noe, R. A. (1996). Is career management related to employee development and performance? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 17(2), 119-133.
  • Olenik-Shemesh, D., Heiman, T. & Keshet, N. S. (2018). The role of career aspiration, self-esteem, body esteem, and gender in predicting sense of well-being among emerging adults. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 179(6), 343-356.
  • Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary (2021). Definition of career noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/ career_ 1?q=career
  • Penbek, S., Yurdakul, D. & Cerit, A. G. (2009). Intercultural communication competence: A study about the intercultural sensitivity of university students based on their education and international experiences. European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems. 13-14 Eylül, İzmir. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.548.9428&rep=rep1 &type= pdf
  • Preston, A. (2006). An empirical analysis of the career expectations of women in science and technology courses. Labour & Industry, 16(3), 21-38.
  • Ramly, E. S., İsmail, M. & Uli, J. (2009). Antecedents of career aspiration of R&D professionals in malaysian public organizations. European Journal of Scientific Research, 26(1), 66-79.
  • Rızaoğlu, B. (2012). Turizm davranışı. (3. Baskı). Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Rojewski, J. W. (2005). Occupational aspirations: Constructs, meaning and application. İçinde; D. Brown & R. W. S (Eds). Lent career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Sarwari, A. Q. & Abdul Wahab, M. N. (2017). Study of the relationship between intercultural sensitivity and intercultural communication competence among international postgraduate students: A case study at University Malaysia Pahang. Cogent Social Sciences, 3(1), 1-11.
  • Şahin, S. (2018). Turist rehberinin yetkinlikleri. İçinde: Eser, S. Şahin & C. Çakıcı (Eds). Turist Rehberliği. Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Săvan, E.E. & Pavăl, G.C. (2020). Enhancing intercultural sensitivity: The impact of Erasmus+ Mobilities on future Romanian leaders. Studia Ubb Negotia, LXV, 4, 27-54.
  • Schoffstall, D. G., Brown, E. A. & Arendt, S. W. (2017). Hospitality and tourism student and alumni perspectives: Promotion expectations, academic and experience adjustments, and career growth. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 17(3), 189-207.
  • Scollon, R. & Scollon, S. W. (2000). Intercultural communication: A discourse approach. (2. Edition). Blackwell Publishers Inc.
  • Selmer, J., Ebrahimi, B. P. & Mingtao, L. (2002). Career management of business expatriates from China. International Business Review, 11(1), 17-33.
  • Sezer, G. O. & Kahraman, P. B. (2016). Evaluating personal qualifications of teacher candidates in terms of intercultural sensitivity levels. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(12A), 1-6.
  • Sofiani, G. & Taman, A. (2019). The effect of career expectation, career guidance, and work motivation toward work readiness student. Jurnal Pendidikan Akuntansi Indonesia, 17(2), 74-87.
  • Spencer-Oatey, H. & Franklin, P. (2009). Intercultural interaction: A multidisciplinary approach to intercultural communication. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Tarchi, C., Surian, A. & Daiute, C. (2019). Assessing study abroad students’ intercultural sensitivity with narratives. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 34(4), 873-894.
  • Taylor, S. (2013). Globally-minded students: Defining, measuring and developing intercultural sensitivity. International Schools Journal, 33(1), 65-75.
  • TDK (1981). Yöntembilim terimleri sözlüğü: Beklenti. https://sozluk.gov.tr/
  • TDK (2001). Halkbilim terimleri sözlüğü: Kültür. https://sozluk.gov.tr/
  • Trompenaars, F. & Hampden-Turner, C. (1998). Riding the waves of culture: Understanding diversity in global business. Nicholas Brealey Publishing.
  • Yarnall, J. (2008). Strategic career management: Develop your talent. Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Yıldırım, A. (2010). Nitel araştırmalarda niteliği artırma. İlköğretim Online, 9(1), 79-92.
  • YÖK (1981). Yükseköğretim Kanunu. https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5. 2547.pdf
  • YÖK (2010). Türkiye Yükseköğretim Yeterlilikler Çerçevesi. http://tyyc.yok.gov.tr/? pid=41
  • YÖKATLAS (2022). YÖK lisans atlası. https://yokatlas.yok.gov.tr/lisans-anasayfa.php
  • Yürür, S., Koç, E., Taşkın, Ç. & Boz, H. (2021). Factors influencing intercultural sensitivity of hospitality employees. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 22(1), 26-44.

Turizm Rehberliği Lisans Öğrencilerinin Kültürlerarası Duyarlılıklarının Kariyer Beklentilerine Etkisi

Yıl 2022, , 142 - 160, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.34090/tured.1196445

Öz

Amaç ve Önem: Bu araştırmanın amacı, turizm rehberliği lisans öğrencilerinin kültürlerarası duyarlılıklarının kariyer beklentilerine etkisini incelemektir. Bilindiği üzere turizm olgusu çoğu durumda birbirine yabancı olan farklı kültürlerin aynı ortamda karşılaşmasıdır. Bu bağlamda turist rehberleri, misafir memnuniyeti ve başarı için kültürlerarası duyarlılığa sahip olmalıdır. Kültürlerarası duyarlılığın kariyer beklentisine etkisinin turist rehberliği özelinde incelendiği çalışmaya rastlanmaması ise bu araştırmayı sonuçları bağlamında önemli kılmaktadır. Nitekim kültürlerarası duyarlılığı olmayan turist rehberlerinin varlığı ziyaretçi memnuniyeti ve iş-kariyer uyumu bağlamında tercih edilmez. Dolayısıyla mevcut araştırma sonuçlarının ilgili alanyazına ve sektöre katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.

Yöntem: Bu araştırmada turist rehberliği lisans eğitimi alan 167 öğrenciye, 15 Mart-30 Nisan 2021 tarihleri arasında Google formlar aracılığı ile anket uygulanmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde ölçekler için geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik testleri; tanımlayıcı analizlerde sıklık ve yüzde analizleri ile aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma hesaplamaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkinin ölçümü korelasyon analizi ile araştırma hipotezi ise regresyon analizi ile test edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Araştırmada temel olarak öğrencilerin kültürlerarası duyarlılık düzeylerinin kariyer beklentilerini etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, kültürlerarası duyarlılık alt boyutlarından yalnızca etkileşimden zevk alma alt boyutunun kariyer beklentileri üzerinde değişim meydana getirdiği saptanmıştır.

Özgünlük/Bilimsel Katkı: Elde edilen bulgular, benzer değişkenleri konu edinen çok sınırlı sayıdaki araştırma sonuçlar ile paralellik göstermektedir. Diğer yandan turist rehberliği öğrencileri bağlamında konuyu doğrudan ele alan araştırma olmaması, bu araştırmayı alanında öncü kılmakta ve gelecekteki araştırmalar için kaynak oluşturmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kültürlerarası iletişim, kültürlerarası duyarlılık, kariyer beklentileri, turizm rehberliği öğrencileri

Kaynakça

  • AKÜ Turizm Fakültesia (2021). Turizm rehberliği bölümü: Bölüm genel tanıtımı. https://turizm. aku.edu.tr/bolum-genel-tanitimi3/
  • AKÜ Turizm Fakültesib (2021). Sayısal veriler. https://turizm.aku.edu.tr/sayisal-veriler/
  • Albuz, N., Çakmak, T.F., Eren, A., Tekin, Ö. & Güven Yeşildağ, G.N. (2018). Turizm rehberliğine giriş. Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Alıcı, N. K. (2021). Cultural sensitivity and attitudes towards refugees of Turkish nursing students: A cross sectional descriptive study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 80, 1-6.
  • Anderson, P. H., Lawton, L., Rexeisen, R. J. & Hubbard, A. C. (2006). Short-term study abroad and intercultural sensitivity: A pilot study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30(4), 457-469.
  • Antoniu, E. (2010). Career planning process and its role in human resource development. Annals of the University of Petroşani, Economics, 10(2), 13-22.
  • Arlı, S. K. & Bakan, A. B. (2018). An investigation of the relationship between intercultural sensitivity and compassion in nurses. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 63, 38-42.
  • Aryee, S. & Debrah, Y. A. (1993). A cross‐cultural application of a career planning model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(2), 119-127.
  • Avcıkurt, C. (2017). Turizm sosyolojisi: Genel ve yapısal yaklaşım. (5. Baskı). Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Aymankuy, Y. & Aymankuy, Ş. (2001). Turizm işletmeciliği eğitimi alan öğrencilerin turizm sektöründeki istihdamla ilgili görüşleri ve sektördeki kariyer beklentileri (Balıkesir Üniversitesi Turizm İşletmeciliği ve Otelcilik Yüksekokulu Örneği). Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 35, 1-21.
  • Bakan, A. B. & Yıldız, M. (2020). An investigation of the relationship between intercultural sensitivity and religious orientation among nurses. Journal of Religion and Health, 60, 178-187.
  • Bennett, M. J. (1986). A developmental approach to training for intercultural sensitivity. International Journal of Intercultural Studies, 10, 176-96.
  • Bennett, M. & Bennett J. (2004). Developing intercultural sensitivity: An integrative approach to global and domestic diversity. İçinde: D. Landis, J. Bennett & M. Bennett (Eds). The handbook of intercultural training, (3. Edition). Sage Publications.
  • Bhawuk, D.P.S. & Brislin, R. (1992). The measurement of intercultural sensitivity using the concepts of individualism and collectivism. International Journal of Intercultural Studies, 16, 413-436.
  • Chen, G. (1997). A review of the concept of intercultural sensitivity. Biennial Convention of the Pacific and Asian Communication Association. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED408634.pdf
  • Chen, G. & Starosta, W. J. (2000). The development and validation of the intercultural sensitivity scale. Human Communication, 3, 1-15.
  • Cohen, E. (1985). The tourist guide: The origins, structure, and dynamics of a role. Annals of Tourism Research, 12(1), 5-29.
  • Çavuş, Ş. & Kaya, A. (2015). Turizm lisans eğitimi alan öğrencilerin kariyer planları ve turizm sektörüne yönelik tutumu. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(5), 101-117.
  • Çiloğlan, F. & Bardakçi, M. (2019). The relationship between intercultural sensitivity and english language achievement. Dil ve Dilbilimi Çalışmaları Dergisi, 15(3), 1204-1214.
  • Dhevabanchachai, N. T. & Wattanacharoensil, W. (2017). Students’ expectations, experiences, and career direction after in-house internship: The pedagogical role of the hotel training center in Thailand. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 17(2), 118-134.
  • Doğancılı, O. C. & Karaçar, E. (2019). Turist rehberlerinin işlevleri. İçinde: B. Zengin, G. Erkol Bayram & O. Batman (Eds). Turist rehberliği mesleği (dünü-bugünü-yarını). Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Dong, Q., Day, K. D. & Collaço, C. M. (2008). Overcoming ethnocentrism through developing intercultural communication sensitivity and multiculturalism. Human Communication, 11(1), 27-38.
  • Etmyonline (2022) Culture. https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=culture
  • Field, A. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS. Sage Publications.
  • Fritz, W., Mollenberg, A. & Chen, G. M. (2001). Measuring intercultural sensitivity in different cultural context. Biannual Meeting of the International Association for Intercultural Communication Studies. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED456491.pdf
  • Griffin, B. & Hu, W. (2019). Parental career expectations: Effect on medical students’ career attitudes over time. Medical Education, 53(6), 584-592.
  • Güzel, F. Ö. & Köroğlu, Ö. (2015). Turlarda turistlerin sergiledikleri davranış kalıplarının belirlenmesi: Turist rehberlerine yönelik bir araştırma. Uluslararası Hakemli Akademik ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 4(11), 1-22.
  • Hammer, M.R., Bennett, M.J. & Wiseman, R. (2003). Measuring intercultural sensitivity: The intercultural development inventory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27, 421-443.
  • Hammersley, M. (2019). The concept of culture: A history and reappraisal. Palgrave Macmillian.
  • Horner, S. & Swarbrooke, J. (2007). Consumer behaviour in tourism. (2. Edition). Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Hughes, M. & Croehler, C. (2010). Sociology: The core. (10th Edition). McGraw-Hill Companies.
  • Kim, K., Hallab, Z. & Lee, H. R. (2009). Career preferences and expectations. Anatolia, 20(2), 441-445.
  • Kucharvy, T. (2014). Creating a pathway to your dream: Career designing and controlling a career around your life goals. Business Expert Press.
  • Napolitano, C. M., Hoff, K. A., Ming, C. W. J., Tu, N. & Rounds, J. (2020). Great expectations: Adolescents' intentional self-regulation predicts career aspiration and expectation consistency. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 120, 1-13.
  • Noe, R. A. (1996). Is career management related to employee development and performance? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 17(2), 119-133.
  • Olenik-Shemesh, D., Heiman, T. & Keshet, N. S. (2018). The role of career aspiration, self-esteem, body esteem, and gender in predicting sense of well-being among emerging adults. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 179(6), 343-356.
  • Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary (2021). Definition of career noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/ career_ 1?q=career
  • Penbek, S., Yurdakul, D. & Cerit, A. G. (2009). Intercultural communication competence: A study about the intercultural sensitivity of university students based on their education and international experiences. European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems. 13-14 Eylül, İzmir. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.548.9428&rep=rep1 &type= pdf
  • Preston, A. (2006). An empirical analysis of the career expectations of women in science and technology courses. Labour & Industry, 16(3), 21-38.
  • Ramly, E. S., İsmail, M. & Uli, J. (2009). Antecedents of career aspiration of R&D professionals in malaysian public organizations. European Journal of Scientific Research, 26(1), 66-79.
  • Rızaoğlu, B. (2012). Turizm davranışı. (3. Baskı). Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Rojewski, J. W. (2005). Occupational aspirations: Constructs, meaning and application. İçinde; D. Brown & R. W. S (Eds). Lent career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Sarwari, A. Q. & Abdul Wahab, M. N. (2017). Study of the relationship between intercultural sensitivity and intercultural communication competence among international postgraduate students: A case study at University Malaysia Pahang. Cogent Social Sciences, 3(1), 1-11.
  • Şahin, S. (2018). Turist rehberinin yetkinlikleri. İçinde: Eser, S. Şahin & C. Çakıcı (Eds). Turist Rehberliği. Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Săvan, E.E. & Pavăl, G.C. (2020). Enhancing intercultural sensitivity: The impact of Erasmus+ Mobilities on future Romanian leaders. Studia Ubb Negotia, LXV, 4, 27-54.
  • Schoffstall, D. G., Brown, E. A. & Arendt, S. W. (2017). Hospitality and tourism student and alumni perspectives: Promotion expectations, academic and experience adjustments, and career growth. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 17(3), 189-207.
  • Scollon, R. & Scollon, S. W. (2000). Intercultural communication: A discourse approach. (2. Edition). Blackwell Publishers Inc.
  • Selmer, J., Ebrahimi, B. P. & Mingtao, L. (2002). Career management of business expatriates from China. International Business Review, 11(1), 17-33.
  • Sezer, G. O. & Kahraman, P. B. (2016). Evaluating personal qualifications of teacher candidates in terms of intercultural sensitivity levels. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(12A), 1-6.
  • Sofiani, G. & Taman, A. (2019). The effect of career expectation, career guidance, and work motivation toward work readiness student. Jurnal Pendidikan Akuntansi Indonesia, 17(2), 74-87.
  • Spencer-Oatey, H. & Franklin, P. (2009). Intercultural interaction: A multidisciplinary approach to intercultural communication. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Tarchi, C., Surian, A. & Daiute, C. (2019). Assessing study abroad students’ intercultural sensitivity with narratives. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 34(4), 873-894.
  • Taylor, S. (2013). Globally-minded students: Defining, measuring and developing intercultural sensitivity. International Schools Journal, 33(1), 65-75.
  • TDK (1981). Yöntembilim terimleri sözlüğü: Beklenti. https://sozluk.gov.tr/
  • TDK (2001). Halkbilim terimleri sözlüğü: Kültür. https://sozluk.gov.tr/
  • Trompenaars, F. & Hampden-Turner, C. (1998). Riding the waves of culture: Understanding diversity in global business. Nicholas Brealey Publishing.
  • Yarnall, J. (2008). Strategic career management: Develop your talent. Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Yıldırım, A. (2010). Nitel araştırmalarda niteliği artırma. İlköğretim Online, 9(1), 79-92.
  • YÖK (1981). Yükseköğretim Kanunu. https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5. 2547.pdf
  • YÖK (2010). Türkiye Yükseköğretim Yeterlilikler Çerçevesi. http://tyyc.yok.gov.tr/? pid=41
  • YÖKATLAS (2022). YÖK lisans atlası. https://yokatlas.yok.gov.tr/lisans-anasayfa.php
  • Yürür, S., Koç, E., Taşkın, Ç. & Boz, H. (2021). Factors influencing intercultural sensitivity of hospitality employees. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 22(1), 26-44.
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Elbeyi Pelit 0000-0002-6418-801X

Özcan Zorlu 0000-0003-3533-1945

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Pelit, E., & Zorlu, Ö. (2022). Turizm Rehberliği Lisans Öğrencilerinin Kültürlerarası Duyarlılıklarının Kariyer Beklentilerine Etkisi. Turist Rehberliği Dergisi (TURED), 5(2), 142-160. https://doi.org/10.34090/tured.1196445