Interactive effects of partial liming and fertilizer regimes on growth, yield, and multivariate trait relationships of mustard in acidic sandy loam soils
Abstract
Soil acidity is a major constraint to mustard cultivation in eastern India, resulting in nutrient imbalances, reduced fertilizer-use efficiency, and poor crop productivity in sandy loam soils. Although liming is widely recommended to ameliorate soil acidity, its interactive effects with fertilizer regimes on yield performance and trait interrelationships in mustard remain insufficiently documented. To address this, a rooftop pot culture experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2024 at Dhanbad, Jharkhand, using Brassica rapa var. yellow sarson (cv. ‘Benoy-9’). The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design with ten treatments and four replications, comprising two fertilizer regimes (no fertilizer and recommended dose of fertilizer, RDF: 50:25:25:20 kg ha-¹ N:P:K:S) combined with four graded lime levels (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 lime requirement, LR), along with an untreated control. Observations were recorded on vegetative traits, yield attributes, seed and stover yield, and oil content. The combined application of RDF with lime significantly enhanced growth, yield components, seed yield, and oil productivity compared to unfertilized and unlimed treatments. RDF with 40% LR (210 kg ha-¹ CaCO₃) produced the highest seed yield, oil yield, and oil content, followed closely by RDF with 30% LR, while the absolute control exhibited the poorest performance. Principal Component Analysis revealed that the first two principal components explained 78.3% of the total variability, with yield-related traits such as seed yield, biological yield, oil yield, and harvest index contributing most to overall variation and clearly discriminating superior lime–fertilizer combinations. PCA biplots further confirmed the strong positive association of higher lime levels combined with RDF with productivity-enhancing traits. Overall, the study demonstrates that partial liming in conjunction with recommended fertilization effectively improves mustard productivity and fertilizer efficiency in acidic sandy loam soils, providing a robust statistical basis for optimizing lime–fertilizer management strategies under similar agro-ecological conditions.
Ethical Statement
Not applicable.
Supporting Institution
This study was conducted without financial support.
Thanks
The authors express their sincere gratitude to the Department of Agronomy, Palli Siksha Bhavana, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, for their continuous support and encouragement throughout the course of this research. The department’s invaluable guidance, research facilities, and academic environment provided the foundation for the successful completion of this work.
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Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Plant Nutrition and Soil Fertility |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Submission Date | November 22, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | January 5, 2026 |
| Publication Date | February 13, 2026 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.53663/turjfas.1828660 |
| IZ | https://izlik.org/JA22RS38LN |
| Published in Issue | Year 2026 Volume: 8 Issue: 1 |
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• ensures that the highest standards and the best practices in academic publishing are maintained.
• provides the appropriate data for national and international indexes.
• delivers permanent accessibility and the preservation of scientific works, and ensures digital archiving of publications by partnering with other organizations.
Readers’ Responsibilities
Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences expects readers to bear the following responsibilities, even if they are not in the publishing process.
Readers:
• must avoid infringement of the copyright of papers.
• should give feedback to the journal about how to improve the journal’s performance in all areas.
• should notify the chief editor via e-mail (burhanozturk55@gmail.com) of papers involving suspected ethical misconduct or containing errors or with important spelling errors.
Publication Policy
Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences is a peer-reviewed, international scientific journal that publishes and promotes research in Food and Agriculture Sciences worldwide. It is a fully open access journal, published biannually by DergiPark for the “Turkish Academic Network and Information Center (ULAKBİM)”, a unit of “The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK)”. DergiPark provides online hosting services and an editorial workflow management system for academic journals published in Türkiye. The DergiPark project, undertaken by TÜBİTAK – ULAKBİM, is a public service in Türkiye whose mission is the web-based publication of academic journals and the operation of an online journal management system.
All manuscripts submitted for publication in Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences will be pre-reviewed by the editor. Manuscripts that fall outside the aims and scope of the journal, are inadequate in terms of language and writing, not original or not sufficient for the requirements of a scientific study, will be rejected or may have revisions requested at this initial stage.
After initial evaluation, the manuscript will be double blind, peer reviewed by at least two independent, expert referees. If there are inconsistencies between the referees, more reviewers will be asked to review the manuscript. The editor will decide on the acceptance or rejection of the manuscript according to the reports of these referees. However, a manuscript may be rejected without external review by the editor if it is considered unacceptable, for example, a manuscript will be rejected without peer review if it does not comply with the instructions for authors or if it is beyond the scope of the journal.
The names and e-mail addresses entered in the journal system DergiPark will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party. Responsibility for technical content and for protection of proprietary material rests solely with the author(s) and their organizations and is not the responsibility of the publisher, the journal or its editorial staff.
Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences provides full open access to its publications according to the principle that providing scientific research to the public free of charge increases global information sharing. Furthermore, Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences does not charge any paper submission or processing charges and there is no open access publication fee for authors.
Price Policy
Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences is an Open Access Journal, and does not charge any costs from authors, during article delivery, article-editorial processing, assessment and publication charges (page or color charges) in the printing stages.
All articles can be accessed as online, free of charge, on the journal web page.
Journal Boards
Editor-in-Chief
Co-Editors
Otomatik Oluşturulan Kurul - Başlığı Düzenleyiniz
Associate Professor Derya ÖZTÜRK
In 2002, she graduated from Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics. In 2006, she completed her graduate education in Gaziosmanpaşa University, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Master Program in Agricultural Economics. In 2008, she started to work as lecturer at Balıkesir University Gönen Vocational School. Her Ph.D degree was completed in 2011 in Gaziosmanpaşa University, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Agricultural Economics. In 2012, she was appointed to Ordu University Ünye Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Business Administration as a Faculty Member. In 2018, she became Associate Professor in the Department of Production Management in the Department of Business Administration. She is still working as a Associate Professor at Ordu University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences.
Otomatik Oluşturulan Kurul - Başlığı Düzenleyiniz
Biosystems Engineering
Field Crops
Food
Horticulture
Ornamental and Landscape
Plant Protection
Soil and Plant Nutrition
EDITORIAL BOARD
Prof. Dr. Ebubekir Altuntaş was born in 1967 in Sivas, he completed his primary, secondary and high school education in Sivas. He completed his undergraduate education at Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Mechanization between 1985 and 1989. He completed his master's degree at Gaziosmanpaşa University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Agricultural Machinery between 1992-1994 and his doctorate at Selçuk University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Agricultural Machinery between 1994-1998. In 1993, he started to work as a research assistant at Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery. He was appointed as Assistant Professor in 2000, Associate Professor in 2006 and Professor in 2012 at Gaziosmanpaşa University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Department of Agricultural Machinery Systems. He is still working at the same university. He has participated in many scientific and academic studies and activities and has more than 150 scientific articles and publications. He is married and has two children.
Dr. Erhan Sulejmani
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Tetova, North Macedonia
Dr. Erhan Sulejmani earned his Doctorate in Technical Sciences in Food Technology from the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje. His doctoral research, supported by an international TUBITAK-funded project, was conducted at the Department of Food Engineering, İnönü University in Malatya, Turkey, and focused on biochemical and chemical changes during the ripening of hard cheeses.
He holds a Master of Agricultural Sciences in Dairy Technology, also from Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, where he investigated the quality of white brined cheese under varying processing conditions. He completed his undergraduate studies in Veterinary Medicine in 2005.
Since 2006, Dr. Sulejmani has been active in academia, teaching and researching in the fields of dairy and meat processing technologies, food chemistry, and food hygiene. He was appointed Assistant Professor (Docent) in 2016 at the University of Tetova. He has participated in numerous national and international projects and is fluent in English.
His research interests include traditional and functional dairy products, cheese biochemistry, food quality and safety, and innovative food processing methods.
Jiban Shrestha is a plant breeder and is currently working in rice and maize breeding works. He has published more than 300 journal articles and 5 books. He has been editing and reviewing journal articles for internationally reputed publishers. Till date, he has reviewed more than 600 journal articles and edited more than 150 journal articles.
English, Hindi, Bangla
Since 1995 he has worked at the University of Zagreb firstly as young assistant and nowadays as a permanent full professor. He was head of the Dairy Science Department for six years (2015-2021). He teaches on ten subjects at University of Zagreb. Besides teaching at University of Zagreb, he taught at University of Split and at University of Knin (Croatia), as well as at the University of Mostar (Bosnia and Herzegovina), at the Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur (Turkey) and at the University of Wisconsin, Madison (USA). His research interests include milk quality, cheese making, cheese ripening and Mediterranean traditional cheeses.
He has been sensory evaluator of cheeses and other dairy products for more than 20 years in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, and in the 2012, 2014, 2018, 2020, 2022 World Championship Cheese Contest in Madison, USA, as well as in International Food Contest, Herning (Denmark, 2019).
Scientifically and professionally he was educated at IPC Livestock, Oenkerk (Netherlands), at ETH Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (Swiss) and at the University of Guelph (Canada). He is a member of the Croatian Dairy Union and the Editorial Board of the Scientific Journal Mljekarstvo. He has participated in more than 40 international symposiums and he presented five plenary presentations (twice in China, once in India and twice in Croatia).
As co-author he has published more than 140 scientific and professional papers, as well as five books:
1. Cheesemaking, (2014, Publisher Croatian Dairy Union; in Croatian),
2. Cheesemaking in Theory and Practice, (2015, Publisher: Karlovac University of Applied Science; in Croatian),
3. Croatian cheeses. In: The Oxford Companion to Cheese (2016, Publisher: Oxford University Press),
4. Processing of Sheep Milk. In: Handbook of Milks of Non-Bovine Mammals (Publisher: Wiley Blackwell, 2017),
5. Production of Sheep’s and Goat’s Cheese (2018, Publisher: Croatian Union of Sheep and Goat Breeders; in Croatian).
Professor Mohammad Shafiur Rahman is the author/co-author of over 450 technical articles including more than 160 journal papers and 15 books. He is the author of the internationally acclaimed and award-wining Food Properties Handbook, and editor of the popular Handbook of Food Preservation published by CRC Press, Florida. First editions received the bestseller recognition and the third edition is now released. First edition was translated into Spanish. He was invited to serve as one of the Associate Editors for the Handbook of Food Science, Engineering and Technology, and one of the Editors for the Handbook of Food and Bioprocess Modeling Techniques published by CRC Press, FL. He has initiated the International Journal of Food Properties and serving as the founding Editor-in-Chief for more than 25 years, and serving in the editorial boards of 10 international journals and book series. He is serving as an Editor-in-Chief for the Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences (CAMS), published by Sultan Qaboos University, Oman. In 1998, he has been invited and continued to serve as a Food Science Adviser for the International Foundation for Science, Sweden. He was invited as keynote/plenary speaker more than 15 international conferences in the food science and engineering area. He received the HortResearch Chairman's Award, BRAP Award, CAMS Outstanding Researcher Award 2003, SQU Distinction in Research Award 2008, Oman National Award 2020. In 2008, Professor Rahman has ranked among the top five Leading Scientists and Engineers of 57 OIC Member Countries in the Agroscience Discipline. In 2020, he was recognized among World Top 2% influential scholars around the World (ranked 107 among 48,454 food science researchers), published by Stanford University, USA.
Gordana Manevska-Tasevska is an Associate Professor and a policy analyst at the Department of Economics at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Her research focuses on the performance of agricultural systems, with particular emphasis on economic and environmental efficiency, competitiveness, sustainability, resilience, innovation, and structural transformation, as well as their interaction with the Common Agricultural Policy.
Miroljub Barać is a full professor at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade. He is the author/co-author of over 350 scientific references, two monographs, one textbook and two auxiliary textbooks in the field of food science, food biochemistry. His area of interest is food biochemistry, biochemical transformations during the production of animal and plant products, and bioactive food components.
Statistical Editors
Language Editor
Graphic Design
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Turkish Journal of Food and Agriculture Sciences is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Journal Abbreviation: Turk J Food Agric Sci