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Eski Türkçe {-GAlIr / -KAlIr}Eki Üzerine

Yıl 2007, Sayı: 14, 97 - 115, 01.06.2007

Öz

Eldeki makalede, Eski Türkçede yakınlaşıcı bakış açısı işaretçisi ve mastarlaştırıcı görevleriyle karşımıza çıkan -GAlIr bağımlı biçim biriminin sergilediği gramerleşme süreçleri ve ekin birinci işlevine kaynaklık ettiğini düşündüğümüz Tü. käl- bağımsız sözlüksel biriminin bu gramer kategorisini işaretleme yeteneği üzerinde durulacaktır

Kaynakça

  • AĞCA, F. (2006), “Maniheist ve Budist Türkçe Metinlerin Tarihlendirilmesinde Kullanılan Ölçütler”, Türkbilig: Türkoloji Araştırmaları, 2006/12, Güz 2006: 3-37.
  • ----------, (2006), Uygurların Uygur Harfleriyle Yazılmış Eserlerinde Ses ve Şekil Özellikleri, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
  • ANDERSON, Gregory, D. S. (2004), Auxiliary Verb Constructions in Altai-Sayan Turkic, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
  • ARAT, R. R. (1928), Die Hilfsverben und Verbaladverbien im Altaischen. Inaugural- Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde, Wiemar.
  • ----------, (1979), Kutadgu Bilig III Indeks, İstanbul: TKAE yay.
  • ----------, (1991), Eski Türk Şiiri, Ankara: TTK yay.
  • ----------, (1991), Kutadgu Bilig I Metin, Ankara: TDK yay.
  • ----------, (1994), Kutadgu Bilig II Çeviri, Ankara: TDK yay.
  • ATALAY, B. (1998), Divanü Lûgat-it Türk Tercümesi I-IV, 4. Baskı, Ankara: TDK yay.
  • BANG, W., GABAIN, A. von (1929), Türkische Turfan-Texte I, Berlin.
  • BARUTCU ÖZÖNDER, F. S. (1998), Üç İtigsizler (Giriş-Metin-Tercüme-Notlar-İndeks- XXX Levha), Ankara: TDK yay.
  • BRINTON, L. J., TRAUGOTT, E. C. (2005), Lexicalization and Language Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • BROCKELMANN C. (1919), “Mahmūd al Kāšgharīs Darstellung des türkischen Verbalaus”, KSz: 29-49.
  • ----------, (1942), “Rev. Alttürkische Grammatik”, ZDMG (96): 353-364.
  • ----------, (1954), Osttürkische Grammatik Der Islamischen Litteratur-Sprachen Mittelasiens, Leiden: Brill Publication.
  • BYBEE, J. (1996), “Productivity, regularity and fusion: how language use affects the lexicon”, Singh, R. (ed.) Trubetzkoy’s Orphan: Preceedings of Roundtable “Morphology: Contemporary Responses, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publication: 247-269.
  • ----------, PERKINS, R., PAGLUICA, W. (1994), The Evolution of Grammar: Tense, Aspect and Modality in the Languages of the World, Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press.
  • COMRIE, B. (1976), Aspect: An Introduction to the Study of Verbal Aspect and Related Problems, Cambridge.
  • DANKOFF, R., KELLY, J. (1982, 1984, 1985), Compendium of the Turkic Dialects, by Mahmud al-Kashghari, Sources of Oriental Languages and Literatures 7, Turkish Sources VII (ed.: Şinasi Tekin, Gönül Alpay-Tekin).
  • DEMİR, N. (1993), Postverbien im Türkeitürkischen: Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung eines südanatolischen Dorfdialekts, Wiesbaden: Turcologica 17, Harrassowitz Verlag.
  • DEMİRCİ, K. (2003), Descriptive Verbs in Kazakh, University of Wisconsin-Madison: UMI Press.
  • ERDAL, M. (2004), A Grammar of Old Turkic, Leiden-Boston: Handbook of Oriental Studies, Brill Publications.
  • GABAIN, A. von (1995), Eski Türkçenin Grameri (Çev: Mehmet Akalın), Ankara: TDK yay.
  • GENCAN, T. N. (1975), Dilbilgisi, İstanbul.
  • GIVÓN, T. (1979), On Understanding Grammar, New York: Academic Press.
  • GÖKÇE, F. (2007), Oğuz Türkçesinde Fiil Birleşmeleri: Tarihsel-Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme Denemesi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
  • HAMILTON, J. (1998), Budacı İyi ve Kötü Kalpli Prens Masalanın Uygurcası: Kalyanamkara ve Papamkara, (Çeviren.: Ece Korkut-İsmet Birkan), Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları Dizisi: 11, Ankara: Simurg Yay.
  • HARRIS, M., RAMAT, P. (1987), Historical Developments of Auxiliaries, Berlin-New York- Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • HASPELMATH, M. (1999), “Why is grammaticalization irreversible?”, Linguistics 37-6: 1043-1068.
  • HEINE, B. (1993), Auxiliaries: Cognitive Forces and Grammaticalization, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • ----------, (2002), “On the Role of Context in Grammaticalization”, WISCHER, I., DIEWALD, G. [Ed.] New Reflections on Grammaticalization, Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamin Publishing Company: 83-103.
  • ----------, KUTEVA, T. (2004), World Lexicon of Grammaticalization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • ----------, REH, M. (1984), Grammaticalization and Reanalysis in African Languages, Hamburg: Buske.
  • HOPPER, P. J. (1987), “Emergent Grammar”. Berkeley Linguistic Society 13: 139-157.
  • ----------, TRAUGOTT, E. C. (2003), Grammaticalization, second edition, Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics.
  • İBRAHİM, A. (1995), Meaning and Usage of Compound Verbs in Modern Uighur and Uzbek, University of Washington: UMI Press.
  • KAYA, Ceval (1994), Uygurca Altun Yaruk, Giriş, Metin ve Dizin, Ankara: TDK yay.
  • KIM, N. (2002), “On the Expression of ‘Imminence’ in Korean”, Eoneohag 32: 39-59.
  • KURŁOWICZ, J. (1964), The Inflectional Categories of Indo- European, Heidelberg: Winter.
  • ----------, (1965), “The Evolution of Grammatical Categories”, Diogenes 51: 55-71.
  • KUTEVA, T. (2001), Auxiliation: An Enquiry into the Nature of Grammaticalization, Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press.
  • LEHMANN, C. (2002), Thoughts on Grammaticalization, second revised edition, Erfurt: Arbeitspapiere des Seminars für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Nr: 9.
  • ----------, (2004), “Theory and Method in Grammaticalization”, Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik 32 / 2 : 152-187.
  • McMAHON, April M.S. (1994), Understanding Language Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • MEILLET, A. (1912), “L’évolution des formes grammaticales”, Rivista di Scienza 12: (26), Milano.
  • MULLER, F. W. K. (1920), Uigurica III, Uigurische Avadāna-Bruchstücke (I-VIII), Berlin: APAW.
  • RINGE, D. (2003), “Internal Reconstruction”. JOSEPH, B., JANDA, D., Richard D. [ed.] The Handbook of Historical Linguistics (içinde), Blackwell Publishing: 244-261.
  • SHIMIN, G., KLIMKEIT H. J. (1988), Das Zusammentreffen mit Maitreya. Die ersten fünf Kapitel der Hami-Version der Maitrisimit, In Zusammenarbeit mit Helmut Eimer und Jens Peter Laut herausgegeben, übersetzt und kommentiert, Bd.1-2, Wiesbaden.
  • ŞUKUROV, Ş. (1965), “-Şalır / -gälir formasi haqida”. Issledovaniya po grammatike i leksike tyurkskix yazıkov (içinde), Taşkent.
  • TEKİN, Ş. (1980), Maitrisimit Nom Bitig, Die Uigurische Übersetzung eines Werkes der buddhistischen Vaibhāsika-Schule. 1. Teil: Transliteration, Anmerkungen, 2. Teil: Analytischer und lücklaufiger Index, Berlin: Berliner Turfantexte IX. Übersetzung
  • TEZCAN, S. (1974), Das uigurische Insadi-Sutra, Berlin: Berliner Turfan-Texte III.
  • TRAUGOTT, E. C. (1978), “On the Expression of Spatio-Temporal Relations in Language”, Greenberg, Joseph H. (ed.) Universals of Human Language, Volume 3 : Word Structure, Standford, California: Standford University Press: 369-400
  • TULUM, M., M. (1997), Özbekçe’de Tasvir Yardımcı Fiilleri, İstanbul.
  • YA MING, S. (1995), “The Semantics of the Chinese Verb Come”, Cognitive Linguistics in the Redwoods: The Expansion of a New Paradigm in Linguistics [Ed.: Casad H. E.], Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter: 507-540.
  • YULDAŞEV, A. A. (1965), Analitiçeskiye Formı Glagola v Tyurkskix Yazıkax, Moskva: Izdatel’stvo Nauka.

On Old Turkic {-GAlIr / -KAlIr}

Yıl 2007, Sayı: 14, 97 - 115, 01.06.2007

Öz

The article examines Old Turkic bound morpheme {-GAlIr / KAlIr}, which serves as a proximative and supine marker. From grammaticalization point of view, we suppose that Old Turkic {-GalIr/KAlIr} originally emerges from a postverbial construction including a vowel converb and auxiliary verb i.e A + käl-ir

Kaynakça

  • AĞCA, F. (2006), “Maniheist ve Budist Türkçe Metinlerin Tarihlendirilmesinde Kullanılan Ölçütler”, Türkbilig: Türkoloji Araştırmaları, 2006/12, Güz 2006: 3-37.
  • ----------, (2006), Uygurların Uygur Harfleriyle Yazılmış Eserlerinde Ses ve Şekil Özellikleri, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
  • ANDERSON, Gregory, D. S. (2004), Auxiliary Verb Constructions in Altai-Sayan Turkic, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
  • ARAT, R. R. (1928), Die Hilfsverben und Verbaladverbien im Altaischen. Inaugural- Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde, Wiemar.
  • ----------, (1979), Kutadgu Bilig III Indeks, İstanbul: TKAE yay.
  • ----------, (1991), Eski Türk Şiiri, Ankara: TTK yay.
  • ----------, (1991), Kutadgu Bilig I Metin, Ankara: TDK yay.
  • ----------, (1994), Kutadgu Bilig II Çeviri, Ankara: TDK yay.
  • ATALAY, B. (1998), Divanü Lûgat-it Türk Tercümesi I-IV, 4. Baskı, Ankara: TDK yay.
  • BANG, W., GABAIN, A. von (1929), Türkische Turfan-Texte I, Berlin.
  • BARUTCU ÖZÖNDER, F. S. (1998), Üç İtigsizler (Giriş-Metin-Tercüme-Notlar-İndeks- XXX Levha), Ankara: TDK yay.
  • BRINTON, L. J., TRAUGOTT, E. C. (2005), Lexicalization and Language Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • BROCKELMANN C. (1919), “Mahmūd al Kāšgharīs Darstellung des türkischen Verbalaus”, KSz: 29-49.
  • ----------, (1942), “Rev. Alttürkische Grammatik”, ZDMG (96): 353-364.
  • ----------, (1954), Osttürkische Grammatik Der Islamischen Litteratur-Sprachen Mittelasiens, Leiden: Brill Publication.
  • BYBEE, J. (1996), “Productivity, regularity and fusion: how language use affects the lexicon”, Singh, R. (ed.) Trubetzkoy’s Orphan: Preceedings of Roundtable “Morphology: Contemporary Responses, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publication: 247-269.
  • ----------, PERKINS, R., PAGLUICA, W. (1994), The Evolution of Grammar: Tense, Aspect and Modality in the Languages of the World, Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press.
  • COMRIE, B. (1976), Aspect: An Introduction to the Study of Verbal Aspect and Related Problems, Cambridge.
  • DANKOFF, R., KELLY, J. (1982, 1984, 1985), Compendium of the Turkic Dialects, by Mahmud al-Kashghari, Sources of Oriental Languages and Literatures 7, Turkish Sources VII (ed.: Şinasi Tekin, Gönül Alpay-Tekin).
  • DEMİR, N. (1993), Postverbien im Türkeitürkischen: Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung eines südanatolischen Dorfdialekts, Wiesbaden: Turcologica 17, Harrassowitz Verlag.
  • DEMİRCİ, K. (2003), Descriptive Verbs in Kazakh, University of Wisconsin-Madison: UMI Press.
  • ERDAL, M. (2004), A Grammar of Old Turkic, Leiden-Boston: Handbook of Oriental Studies, Brill Publications.
  • GABAIN, A. von (1995), Eski Türkçenin Grameri (Çev: Mehmet Akalın), Ankara: TDK yay.
  • GENCAN, T. N. (1975), Dilbilgisi, İstanbul.
  • GIVÓN, T. (1979), On Understanding Grammar, New York: Academic Press.
  • GÖKÇE, F. (2007), Oğuz Türkçesinde Fiil Birleşmeleri: Tarihsel-Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme Denemesi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
  • HAMILTON, J. (1998), Budacı İyi ve Kötü Kalpli Prens Masalanın Uygurcası: Kalyanamkara ve Papamkara, (Çeviren.: Ece Korkut-İsmet Birkan), Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları Dizisi: 11, Ankara: Simurg Yay.
  • HARRIS, M., RAMAT, P. (1987), Historical Developments of Auxiliaries, Berlin-New York- Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • HASPELMATH, M. (1999), “Why is grammaticalization irreversible?”, Linguistics 37-6: 1043-1068.
  • HEINE, B. (1993), Auxiliaries: Cognitive Forces and Grammaticalization, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • ----------, (2002), “On the Role of Context in Grammaticalization”, WISCHER, I., DIEWALD, G. [Ed.] New Reflections on Grammaticalization, Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamin Publishing Company: 83-103.
  • ----------, KUTEVA, T. (2004), World Lexicon of Grammaticalization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • ----------, REH, M. (1984), Grammaticalization and Reanalysis in African Languages, Hamburg: Buske.
  • HOPPER, P. J. (1987), “Emergent Grammar”. Berkeley Linguistic Society 13: 139-157.
  • ----------, TRAUGOTT, E. C. (2003), Grammaticalization, second edition, Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics.
  • İBRAHİM, A. (1995), Meaning and Usage of Compound Verbs in Modern Uighur and Uzbek, University of Washington: UMI Press.
  • KAYA, Ceval (1994), Uygurca Altun Yaruk, Giriş, Metin ve Dizin, Ankara: TDK yay.
  • KIM, N. (2002), “On the Expression of ‘Imminence’ in Korean”, Eoneohag 32: 39-59.
  • KURŁOWICZ, J. (1964), The Inflectional Categories of Indo- European, Heidelberg: Winter.
  • ----------, (1965), “The Evolution of Grammatical Categories”, Diogenes 51: 55-71.
  • KUTEVA, T. (2001), Auxiliation: An Enquiry into the Nature of Grammaticalization, Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press.
  • LEHMANN, C. (2002), Thoughts on Grammaticalization, second revised edition, Erfurt: Arbeitspapiere des Seminars für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Nr: 9.
  • ----------, (2004), “Theory and Method in Grammaticalization”, Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik 32 / 2 : 152-187.
  • McMAHON, April M.S. (1994), Understanding Language Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • MEILLET, A. (1912), “L’évolution des formes grammaticales”, Rivista di Scienza 12: (26), Milano.
  • MULLER, F. W. K. (1920), Uigurica III, Uigurische Avadāna-Bruchstücke (I-VIII), Berlin: APAW.
  • RINGE, D. (2003), “Internal Reconstruction”. JOSEPH, B., JANDA, D., Richard D. [ed.] The Handbook of Historical Linguistics (içinde), Blackwell Publishing: 244-261.
  • SHIMIN, G., KLIMKEIT H. J. (1988), Das Zusammentreffen mit Maitreya. Die ersten fünf Kapitel der Hami-Version der Maitrisimit, In Zusammenarbeit mit Helmut Eimer und Jens Peter Laut herausgegeben, übersetzt und kommentiert, Bd.1-2, Wiesbaden.
  • ŞUKUROV, Ş. (1965), “-Şalır / -gälir formasi haqida”. Issledovaniya po grammatike i leksike tyurkskix yazıkov (içinde), Taşkent.
  • TEKİN, Ş. (1980), Maitrisimit Nom Bitig, Die Uigurische Übersetzung eines Werkes der buddhistischen Vaibhāsika-Schule. 1. Teil: Transliteration, Anmerkungen, 2. Teil: Analytischer und lücklaufiger Index, Berlin: Berliner Turfantexte IX. Übersetzung
  • TEZCAN, S. (1974), Das uigurische Insadi-Sutra, Berlin: Berliner Turfan-Texte III.
  • TRAUGOTT, E. C. (1978), “On the Expression of Spatio-Temporal Relations in Language”, Greenberg, Joseph H. (ed.) Universals of Human Language, Volume 3 : Word Structure, Standford, California: Standford University Press: 369-400
  • TULUM, M., M. (1997), Özbekçe’de Tasvir Yardımcı Fiilleri, İstanbul.
  • YA MING, S. (1995), “The Semantics of the Chinese Verb Come”, Cognitive Linguistics in the Redwoods: The Expansion of a New Paradigm in Linguistics [Ed.: Casad H. E.], Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter: 507-540.
  • YULDAŞEV, A. A. (1965), Analitiçeskiye Formı Glagola v Tyurkskix Yazıkax, Moskva: Izdatel’stvo Nauka.
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Faruk Gökçe Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2007
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2007 Sayı: 14

Kaynak Göster

APA Gökçe, F. (2007). Eski Türkçe {-GAlIr / -KAlIr}Eki Üzerine. Türkbilig(14), 97-115.