‘Sözde Karca’ Kelimelerin Kökeni ve Türkçedeki Hurri-Urartuca Leksikal Alıntılar Üzerine

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 34, 25 - 68, 01.06.2017

Orçun Ünal

Öz

Bu çalışma, Stephanos Byzantinos’un Ethnika adlı eseri başta olmak üzere, Bizans kaynaklarında geçen ve ‘Karca’ olarak nitelendirilen bazı sözcükler üzerinde durmaktadır. Bu sözcükler, Karca yazıtlarda tanıklanmadığı için, ilgili literatürde ‘sözde Karca’ pseudo-glosses olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, altı ‘sözde Karca’ kelime ele alınmış ve bunlar için Pre- Proto-Türkçeye kadar dayanan etimolojiler önerilmiştir. Bizanslı yazarların eserlerinde Karca olarak ortaya çıkan bu sözcüklerin Urartularla temas hâlindeki Kimmerler veya Hurrilerle yakın ilişki içinde olan Turukkular aracılığıyla Anadolu’ya girmiş olabileceği öne sürülmüştür. Bu sebeple, Hurri-Urartuca ve Türkçenin söz varlıkları arasındaki toplam otuz yedi benzer kelime listelenmiş, bunların Urartucadan Türkçeye alıntılar olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu karşılaştırmalara dayanarak, Pre-Proto-Türkçenin ses özelliklerine değinilmiştir. Kimmer nüfusunun kısmen Türkçe konuşanlardan oluştuğu ve dillerinin bir yandan ‘sözde Karca’ sözcüklerin kaynağı, diğer yandan Urartuca sözcüklerin alıcısı olduğu varsayımı en makul öneri olarak görülmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bizanslı Stephanos, Kar dili, Proto-Türkçe, Kimmerler, Hurrice, Urartuca

On The Origin of the Pseudo-Carian Glosses And the Hurro-Urartian Lexical Loans in Turkic

Öz

The present study deals with a number of glosses which appear in the Byzantinian sources, most of them in Ethnica of Stephanos Byzantinos, and are labeled as Carian. As these glosses are not actually attested in Carian inscriptions, they are called pseudo-glosses in the relevant literature. Six of these pseudo-Carian glosses are examined and for all of them, Turkic etymologies are proposed which reach into the depth of Pre- Proto-Turkic. It is asserted that the glosses which surface as Carian in the works of the Byzantinian historians may have entered into Anatolia by the Cimmerians or by the Turukku which were in close contact with the Urartians and Hurrians, respectively. Therefore, thirty-seven similar lexical items in the Hurro-Urartian and Turkic vocabularies are listed. It has been concluded that these may be Urartian loanwords in Turkic. Based on these correspondences, the phonological features of Pre-Proto-Turkic are discussed. The supposition that the Cimmerian population was partly Turkic-speaking and their language was the donor of the pseudo-Carian glosses and the recipient of the Urartian loanwords proves to be the most plausible one

Anahtar Kelimeler

Stephanos Byzantinos, Carian language, Proto-Turkic, Cimmerians, Hurrian, Urartian

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