Photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Orange 107 in wastewaters under UV irradiation using multiphase cobalt selenide (CoSex) nanocatalyst: Performance evaluation, kinetic assessment, and mechanistic insights

Öz

This study reports the photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Orange 107 (RO 107) in media using synthesized CoSe nanoparticles. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDX, HRTEM, N2 adsorption–desorption, BET, and BJH analyses, verifying crystalline CoSe formation, porous architecture, morphology and elemental distribution. Under optimized conditions of 1.0 g L⁻1 catalyst dosage, 25 mg L⁻1 RO107 concentration, natural pH, and irradiation source UV-C, CoSe achieved 97.87% degradation within 120 min. Decreasing the RO 107 concentration to 5 mg L⁻1 increased the efficiency to 98.17%, confirming high activity at low pollutant loading. The degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with kapp values of 0.0110–0.0646 min⁻1 depending on catalyst dosage, 0.0111–0.0709 min⁻1 for initial RO 107 concentration, and 0.0116–0.0723 min⁻1 under pH conditions. Water matrix inhibition followed distilled water (97.87%) > tap water (94.92%) > river water (89.16%) > lake water (86.58%). Dye degradation followed BY2 (99.82%) > RO107 (97.87%) > AO7 (95.12%) > CR (92.78%) > MG (90.65%) > RB19 (86.35%). The degradation efficiency was strongly influenced by the irradiation wavelength, following the order UV-C > UV-B > UV-A. After 120 min of reaction, the highest degradation efficiency was achieved under UV-C irradiation (97.87%), while lower efficiencies were obtained under UV-B (89.17%) and UV-A (80.69%) irradiation. The best activity was obtained at 0.8–1.5 g L⁻1 catalyst dosage and 5–25 mg L⁻1 RO 107 concentration, while reusability tests showed a decrease from 97.87% to 81.23% after six cycles, indicating promising stability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• CoSe nanoparticles
• RO 107 degradation
• Toxic dye
• Photocatalytic process
• Synergetic effect
• Radical scavenger

Atık sularda Reaktif Turuncu 107'nin UV ışınımı altında CoSe nanopartikülleri kullanılarak fotokatalitik bozunması: Performans değerlendirmesi, kinetik analiz ve mekanistik bilgiler

Öz

Bu çalışmada, sentezlenen CoSe nanopartikülleri kullanılarak Reaktif Turuncu 107'nin (RO 107) ortamda fotokatalitik bozunması rapor edilmektedir. Katalizörler, kristal CoSe oluşumunu, gözenekli mimariyi, morfolojiyi ve elementel dağılımı doğrulayan XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDX, HRTEM, N2 adsorpsiyon-desorpsiyon, BET ve BJH analizleriyle karakterize edilmiştir. 1,0 g L⁻1 katalizör dozu, 25 mg L⁻1 RO107 konsantrasyonu, doğal pH ve UV-C ışınlama kaynağı gibi optimize edilmiş koşullar altında, CoSe 120 dakika içinde %97,87 oranında bozunma sağlamıştır. RO 107 konsantrasyonunun 5 mg L⁻1'e düşürülmesi, verimliliği %98,17'ye yükseltmiş ve düşük kirletici yükünde yüksek aktiviteyi doğrulamıştır. Bozunma, katalizör dozuna bağlı olarak 0,0110–0,0646 min⁻¹, başlangıç ​​RO 107 konsantrasyonu için 0,0111–0,0709 min⁻¹ ve pH koşulları altında 0,0116–0,0723 min⁻¹ kapp değerleriyle sözde birinci dereceden kinetiğe uydu. Su matrisi inhibisyonu damıtılmış su (%97,87) > musluk suyu (%94,92) > nehir suyu (%89,16) > göl suyu (%86,58) sırasını izledi. Boya bozunması BY2 (%99,82) > RO107 (%97,87) > AO7 (%95,12) > CR (%92,78) > MG (%90,65) > RB19 (%86,35) sırasını izledi. Bozunma verimliliği, UV-C > UV-B > UV-A sırasını izleyerek ışınlama dalga boyundan büyük ölçüde etkilendi. 120 dakikalık reaksiyonun ardından, en yüksek bozunma verimliliği UV-C ışınlaması altında (%97,87) elde edilirken, UV-B (%89,17) ve UV-A (%80,69) ışınlamaları altında daha düşük verimlilikler elde edildi. En iyi aktivite, 0,8–1,5 g L⁻1 katalizör dozajı ve 5–25 mg L⁻1 RO 107 konsantrasyonunda elde edildi; yeniden kullanılabilirlik testleri ise altı döngüden sonra %97,87'den %81,23'e düşüş göstererek umut verici bir kararlılık sergiledi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• CoSe nanopartikülleri
• RO 107 bozunması
• Zehirli boya
• Fotokatalitik süreç
• Sinerjik etki
• Radikal yakalayıcı

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