VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF FORESTS IN UTTARAKHAND HIMALAYA: A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 229 - 244, 24.10.2020

Vishwambhar Prasad Sati

https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.711142

Cited By: 2

Öz

Forests of Uttarakhand Himalaya are distributed vertically and horizontally. Their types and diversity vary according to climate and altitudes, the main drivers. This paper examines the vertical and horizontal distribution of forests in Uttarakhand Himalaya. Data was gathered from the secondary sources mainly from the Forest Survey of India 2005, 2011, and 2017. Forest density along with altitudinal gradient and horizontally was also analyzed. Our result shows that forest cover is high in the districts which are located in the mountainous mainland. In the meantime, the districts where the area under snow-clad is high, and which lie in the plain region, forest cover is less. In terms of altitude, the forest area below <500 m and above >3,000 m is less. Total forest area is 63% of the total area whereas forest cover is only 45%. Forest use is less in the highlands and its use is high in the middle altitudes and river valleys. The middle altitudes and the valleys region have a comparatively high population. Forest degradation has observed high in these locations. It is suggested that forest can optimally be used in the highlands and it can be conserved in and surrounding the rural and urban settlements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Forest, altitude, distribution, FSI, Uttarakhand

UTTARAKHAND HİMALAYA'DA ORMANLARIN DÜŞEY VE YATAY DAĞILIMI: BİR COĞRAFİ ANALİZ

Öz

Uttarakhand himalaya ormanları dikey ve yatay olarak dağılmış bulunmaktadır. Türleri ve çeşitliliği, ana etken olan iklim ve rakımlara göre değişmektedir. Bu makale uttarakhand himalaya'daki ormanların dikey ve yatay dağılımını incelemektedir. Veriler, ikincil kaynaklardan temel olarak hindistan orman araştırması bölümünden 2005, 2011 ve 2017 yıllarında elde edilmiştir. Orman yoğunluğu, yükseklik eğimi ile birlikte ve yatay olarak da analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar dağlık anakarada yer alan ilçelerde orman örtüsünün yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu arada karla kaplı alanın yüksek olduğu ve ova bölgesinde kalan ilçelerde orman örtüsü azdır. Rakım açısından, 500 m'nin altındaki ve 3.000 m'nin üzerindeki alanlarda orman daha azdır. Toplam orman alanı, toplam alanın % 63'ünü oluştururken, orman örtüsü yalnızca % 45'tir. Yaylalarda orman kullanımı az, orta rakımlarda ve nehir vadilerinde kullanımı fazladır. Orta rakımlar ve vadiler bölgesi nispeten yüksek bir nüfusa sahiptir. Bu yerlerde yüksek oranda orman bozulması gözlemlenmiştir. Ormanın yaylalarda en iyi şekilde kullanılabileceği, kırsal ve kentsel yerleşimlerde ve çevresinde korunabileceği önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Orman, yükselti, sağılım, FSI, Uttarakhand

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