SEASONAL CHANGE OF CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT (SPAD VALUE) IN SOME TREE AND SHRUB SPECIES

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 245 - 256, 24.10.2020

Fahrettin Atar , Deniz Güney , Ali Bayraktar , Nebahat Yıldırım , İbrahim Turna

https://doi.org/10.32328/turkjforsci.711389

Cited By: 9

Öz

Chlorophyll, which is of vital importance for living things, is the main active ingredient of photosynthesis, and the amount of chlorophyll in the plant can show very sensitive responses to various environmental factors, especially site conditions and plant species. In this study, it was aimed to determine the change of chlorophyll content (SPAD value) at the beginning (20 May) and the end (15 October) of growth period in some native and exotic tree and shrub species in Kanuni campus of Karadeniz Technical University and to reveal the differences between the species. Within the scope of the study, measurements were made on a total of 20 species including five native (Quercus hartwissiana Steven, Fagus orientalis Lipsky, Ulmus minör Mill., Liquidambar orientalis Mill., Quercus pubescens Willd.) and seven exotic (Eucalyptus camadulensis Dehnh., Ginkgo biloba L., Quercus castaneifolia C.A.Mey., Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Sieb., Acer negundo L., Quercus rubra L., Aesculus hippocastanum L.) tree species and seven native (Cercis siliquastrum L., Laurus nobilis L., Osmanthus decorus (Boiss.&Balansa) Kasapligil, Laurocerasus officinalis M.Roem., Ostrya carpinifolia Scop., Corylus avellana L., Arbutus unedo L.) and one exotic (Weigela coraensis Thunb.) shrub species. Chlorophyll content was determined with four replications by portable chlorophyll meter (Minolta SPAD-502, Osaka, Japan) which indirectly measures the amount of chlorophyll in the leaf. The data obtained were subjected to Wilcoxon test, variance analysis (one-way ANOVA) and Duncan’s test by using SPSS 23.0 statistical program. As a result of the study, it was determined that there are statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between SPAD values of May and October of species except Aesculus hippocastanum, Laurus nobilis, Cinnamomum camphora, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Liquidambar orientalis. In addition, it was found that there are significant differences at 99% confidence level among the species in both periods. As a result of Duncan’s test, nine different groups occurred in May measurements and 15 different groups occurred in October measurements. While the average SPAD value was the highest (78.6 and 70.6, respectively) in Laurocerasus officinalis in both periods, the lowest was in Acer negundo (25.0) in May and Quercus hartwissiana (24.0) in October.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Species, Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll, Minolta

BAZI AĞAÇ VE ÇALI TÜRLERİNDE KLOROFİL İÇERİĞİNİN (SPAD DEĞERİ) MEVSİMSEL DEĞİŞİMİ

Öz

Canlılar için hayati öneme sahip olan klorofil, fotosentez olayının başlıca etken maddesi olup, bitkideki klorofil miktarı yetişme yeri koşulları ve bitki türü başta olmak üzere çeşitli çevresel faktörlere karşı oldukça hassas tepkiler gösterebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Kanuni yerleşkesi içerisinde bulunan bazı doğal egzotik ağaç ve çalı türlerinde klorofil içeriğinin (SPAD değeri) büyüme dönemi başlangıcında (20 Mayıs) ve sonundaki (15 Ekim) değişiminin belirlenmesi ve türler arasındaki farkların ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Kanuni yerleşkesinde yer alan beş adet doğal (Quercus hartwissiana Steven, Fagus orientalis Lipsky, Ulmus minör Mill., Liquidambar orientalis Mill., Quercus pubescens Willd.) ve yedi adet egzotik (Eucalyptus camadulensis Dehnh., Ginkgo biloba L., Quercus castaneifolia C.A.Mey., Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Sieb., Acer negundo L., Quercus rubra L., Aesculus hippocastanum L.) ağaç türü ile yedi adet doğal (Cercis siliquastrum L., Laurus nobilis L., Osmanthus decorus (Boiss.&Balansa) Kasapligil, Laurocerasus officinalis M.Roem., Ostrya carpinifolia Scop., Corylus avellana L., Arbutus unedo L.) ve bir adet egzotik (Weigela coraensis Thunb.) çalı türü olmak üzere toplam 20 adet türde ölçümler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Klorofil içeriği, yapraktaki klorofil miktarını dolaylı olarak ölçen, taşınabilir klorofil metre cihazı (Minolta SPAD-502, Osaka, Japan) ile 4 tekerrürlü olarak tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 23.0 istatistik programı yardımıyla değerlendirilerek, Wilcoxon testi, varyans analizi (one-way Anova) ve Duncan’s testi yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Aesculus hippocastanum, Laurus nobilis, Cinnamomum camphora, Eucalyptus camaldulensis ve Liquidambar orientalis dışındaki türlerin Mayıs ve Ekim ayına ait SPAD değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (p<0.05) farklılıklar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, her iki dönemde de türler arasında %99 güven düzeyinde anlamlı farklılıklar bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Duncan’s testi sonucunda Mayıs ayı ölçümlerinde dokuz farklı grup, ekim ayı ölçümlerinde 15 farklı grup meydana geldiği saptanmıştır. Ortalama SPAD değeri her iki dönemde de Laurocerasus officinalis türünde en yüksek (sırasıyla 78.6 ve 70.6) iken en düşük değer Mayıs ayında Acer negundo (25.0), Ekim ayında Quercus hartwissiana (24.0) türünde belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tür, Fotosentez, Klorofil, Minolta

Kaynakça

• Aricak, B., Enez, K., Özer Genç., C. & Şevik, H. (2016) A Method Study to Determine Buffering Effect of the Forest Cover on Particulate Matter and Noise Isolation, 1st International Symposium of Forest Engineering and Technologies (FETEC 2016), 177-185.
• Atar, F., Güney, D., Hatipoğlu, E., & Turna, İ. (2013) Determination of Chlorophyll Content Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) Seedlings obtained from Seed of Different Altitudes, International Caucasian Forestry Symposium, Artvin, Turkey, 24-26 Oct 2013, 147-151.
• Atar, F., & Turna, İ. (2018) Fruit and Seedling Diversity among Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Populations in Turkey, Sumarski List, 11-12, 611-619.
• Atar, F., Bayraktar, A., Yıldırım, N., Turna, İ., & Güney, D. (2020) Fruit and Seed Diversity of Smilax excelsa in the Black Sea Region, Turkey, Turkish Journal of Forestry Research, 7, 1-8.
• Brett, W.J., & Singer, A.C. (1973) Chlorophyll Concentration in Leaves of Juniperus virginiana L., Measured Over a 2-Year Period, The American Midland Naturalist, 90(1), 194-200.
• Curran, P.J., Dungan, J.L., & Gholz, H.L. (1990) Exploring the relationship between reflectance red edge and chl content in Slash pine. Tree Physiol., 7, 33-48.
• Çetin, M. (2015a) Using Recycling Materials for Sustainable Landscape Planning. Environment and Ecology at the Beginning of 21st Century. Ed.: Prof. Dr. Recep Efe, Prof. Dr. Carmen Bizzarri, Prof. Dr. İsa Cürebal, Prof. Dr. Gulnara N. Nyusupova, ST. Kliment Ohridski University Press, 783-788, Sofia.
• Çetin, M. (2015b) Evaluation of the sustainable tourism potential of a protected area for landscape planning: A case study of the ancient city of pompeipolis in Kastamonu. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 22(6), 490-495.
• Çetin, M. (2016) Peyzaj çalışmalarında kullanılan bazı bitkilerde klorofil miktarının değişimi. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 16(1), 239-245.
• Çetin, M. (2017) Change in amount of chlorophyll in some interior ornamental plants. Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences, 3(1), 11-19.
• Çolak, D. (2012) Sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.), Anadolu Karaçamı (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) ve Toros Sedirinde (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) don stresi üzerine bir araştırma. KTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
• Dai, Y., Shen, Z., Liu, Y., Wang, L., Hannaway, D., & Lu, H. (2009) Effects of shade treatments on the photosynthetic capacity, chlorophyll fluorescence, and chlorophyll content of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 65(2-3), 177-182.
• Demirel, K., Genç, L., Çamoğlu, G., & Aşık, Ş. (2010) Assessment of water stress using chlorophyll readings and leaf water content for watermelon. Journal of Tekirdağ Agricultural Faculty, 7(3), 155-162.
• Fallahchai, M.M., Özel, H.B., & Payam, H. (2013) The comparison of the natural stands quantitative characteristics in managed and non-managed areas in Caspian Sea Coastal Forests. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 1-10.
• Faria, T., Silvério, D., Breia, E., Cabral, R., Abadia, J., Pereira, J.S., & Chaves, M.M. (1998) Differences in the response of the carbon assimilation to summer stress (water deficits, high light and temperature) in four mediterranean tree species. Physiologia Plantarum, 102, 419-428.
• Farquhar, G.D., & Richards, R.A. (1984) Isotopic composition of plant carbon correlates with water-use efficiency of wheat genotypes. Functional Plant Biology, 11(6), 539-552.
• Gholamin, R., & Khayatnezhad, M. (2011) The effect of end season drought stress on the chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield in maize cultivars. Scientific Research and Essays, 6 (25), 5351-5357.
• Gond, V., DePury, D.G.G., Veroustraete, F., & Ceulemans, R. (2012) Seasonal variations in leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll, and water content; scaling-up to estimate fAPAR and carbon balance in a multilayer, multispecies temperate forest. Tree Physiology, 19, 673-679.
• Güney, D., Turna, H., Turna, İ., Kulaç, Ş., Atar, F., & Filiz E. (2016) Variations within and among populations depending on some leaf characteristics of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky). Biological Diversity and Conservation, 9, 1-9.
• Hendry, G.A.F., Houghton, J.D., & Brown, S.B. (1987) The degradation of chlorophyll-a biological enigma. New Phytol, 107, 255-302.
• Hyyryläinen, A., Rautio, P., Turunen, M., & Huttunen, S. (2015) Seasonal and interannual variation in the chlorophyll content of three co-existing sphagnum species exceeds the effect of solar uv reduction in a subarctic peatland. Springer Plus, 4(1), 478.
• Kacar, B., Katkat, V. and Özturk, Ş. (2009) Bitki Fizyolojisi, Nobel Yayın No: 848, Fen Bilimleri, 28, Nobel Bilim ve Araştırma Merkezi Yayın No: 46, Ankara.
• Kancheva, R., Borisova, D., & Georgiev, G. (2014) Chlorophyll assessment and stress detection from vegetation optical properties. Ecological Engineering and Environment Protection, 1, 34-43.
• Kaya, L.G. (2009) Assessing forests and lands with carbon storage and sequestration amount by trees in the state of delaware USA, Scientific Research and Essays, 10(4), 1100-1108.
• Kaya, L.G., Çetin, M., & Doygun, H. (2015) A holistic approach in analyzing the landscape potential: Porsuk Dam Lake and its environs. Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 18(8), 1525-1533.
• Knudson, L.L., Tibbitts, T.W., & Edward, G.E. (1977) Measurement of ozone injury by determination of chlorophyll concentration, Plant Physiology. 60, 606-608.
• Kulaç, Ş. (2010) Sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) tohumlarında ve fidanlarında orijinlere bağlı olarak su stresinin morfolojik ve fizyolojik özelliklere üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması, KTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi.
• Lepeduš, H., Cesar, V., & Suver, M. (2003) The annual changes of choloroplast pigments content in current-and previous-year needles of norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) exposed to cement dust pollution. Acta Botanica Croatica, 62(1), 27-35.
• Monsi, M., Uchijima, Z., & Oikawa, T. (1973) Structure of foliage canopies and photosynthesis. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4(1), 301-327.
• Nageswara Rao, R.C., Talwar, H.S., & Wright, G.C. (2001) Rapid assessment of specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using a chlorophyll meter. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 186(3), 175-182.
• Öncel, I., Üstün, S., & Keles, Y. (2004) Fotosentez, bitki fizyolojisi laboratuvar kılavuzu, A.Ü.F.F. Döner Sermaye İşletme Yayınları, 48, 76-77. Ankara.
• Rose, R., & Haase, D. (2002) Chlorophyll fluorescence and variations in tissue cold hardiness in response to freezing stress in Douglas-Fir seedlings. New Forests, 23(2), 81-96.
• Perks, M.P., Osborne, B.A., & Mitchell, D.T. (2004) Rapid predictions of cold tolerance in douglas-fir seedlings using chlorophyll fluorescence after freezing, New Forests, 28(1), 49-62.
• Saeidi, M., & Zabihi-e-Mahmoodabad, R. (2009) Evaluation of drought stress on relative water content and chlorophyll content of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes at early flowering stage. Res J Environ Sci, 3, 345-350.
• Sauceda, J.U., Rodriguez, H.G., Lozano, R.R., Silva, I.C., Meza, M.G., & Larga, L. (2008) Seasonal trends of chlorophylls a and b carotenoids in native trees and shrubs of Northeastern Mexico. Journal of Biological Sciences, 8(2), 258- 267.
• Şevik, H., Çetin, M., & Işınkaralar, K. (2016) Bazı iç mekan süs bitkilerinin kapalı mekanlarda karbondioksit miktarına etkisi. Düzce Un. Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 4(2), 493-500.
• Şevik, H., Ahmaida, E.A., & Çetin, M. (2017) Change of the air quality in the urban open and green spaces: Kastamonu sample, “Ecology, Planning and Design”, ISBN: 978-954-07-4270-0, Chapter 31, p: 409-422, St. Kliment Ohridski University Press, Sofia.
• Taner, S., & Sade, B. (2005) Low temperature effect of cereal (A review). Journal of Crop Research, 2, 19-28.
• Tepe, Ş., Ellialtıoğlu, Ş., Yenice, N., & Tıpırdamaz, R. (2002) Obtaining poliploid Mint (Mentha longifolia L.) plants with in vitro colchicine treatment. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(2), 63-69.
• Terzi, R., Sağlam, A., Kutlu, H., Nar, H., & Kadıoğlu, A. (2010) Impact of soil drought stress on photochemical efficiency of photosystem ii and antioxidant enzyme activities of Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars. Turkish Journal of Botany, 34, 1-10.
• Yiğit, N. (2016) Micromorphological studies on plants and their importance, “Developments in Science and Engineering”. Editors: Recep Efe, Lia Matchavariani, Abdulkadir Yaldir, Laszlo Levai. ISBN 978-954-07-4137-6, Sofia.
• Zavoruev, V.V., & Zavorueva, E.N. (2002) Changes in the ratio between the peaks of red chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves of Populus balsamifera during vegetation. Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics, 387, 1-6.
• Zeren, İ., Cesur, A., Saleh, E.A.A., & Mossi, M.M.M. (2017a) Variation of chlorophyll amount in some landscape plants: A case study of Rize. Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences, 7(3), 807-817.
• Zeren, İ., Cantürk, U., & Yaşar, M. (2017b) Bazı peyzaj bitkilerinde klorofil miktarının değişimi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(2), 174-182.
• Zeren, İ., Cesur, A., Keskin, R., & Akarsu, H. (2018) Bazı peyzaj bitkilerinde klorofil miktarının değişimi: Samsun örneği. Kastamonu University Journal of Engineering and Sciences, 4(1), 1-10.
• Zhang, Y.J., Xie, Z.K., Wang, Y.J., Su, P.X., An, L.P., & Gao, H. (2011) Effect of water stress on leaf photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and growth of oriental lily. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 58(5), 844-850.