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Papa IV. İnnokent’in Altınorda Hanı Sartak’a Mektubu (Metin, Tercüme, Yorum)

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 77 - 91, 28.12.2021

Öz

Makalede, Papa IV. İnnokent’in Altınorda Hanı Sartak’a gönderdiği mektubun orijinal metni ve tercümesi sunulmaktadır. Mektup, Sartak Han’ın ve tebaasının bir kısmının Hristiyanlığı kabul ettiği haberini taşıyan bir elçinin Roma’ya ulaşmasından sonra kaleme alınmıştır. Böyle bir haberi taşıyan bir elçinin Papa’ya ulaşmış olduğunu, IV. İnnokent’in biyografı Niccolo di Calvi teyit etmektedir. Ermenice, Süryanice ve Farsça gibi başka kaynaklarda da Sartak’ın Hristiyanlığı kabul etmiş olduğundan bahsedilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Alberic. Chronica Alberici monachi Trium fontium / Ed. P. Scheffer-Boichorst // Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores. Hannoverae, 1874. T. XXIII.
  • Bar Hebraeu. The Chronography of Gregory Abu’l- Faraj Bar Hebraeus' Political History of the World / Transl. by E. A. Wallis Budge. London, 1932. Vol. I.
  • Baum W. Die Verwandlungen des Mythos vom Reich des Priesterkönigs Johannes. Klagenfurt, 1999.
  • Beckingham Ch. Prester John, the Mongols and the Ten Lost Tribes. Aldershot, 1996.
  • Berger E. (Publ. par) Les registres d’Innocent IV (1243—1254) / Paris, 1897.
  • Foltz R. Religions of the Silk Road: premodern patterns of globalization. New York, 2010.
  • Galstyan A. G. Armyanskie istochniki o mongolakh: izvlecheniya iz rukopisei KhIII—KhIV vv. / Per. M., 1962.
  • Gil'om de Rubruk. Puteshestvie v vostochnye strany / Per. s lat. A. I. Maleina // Puteshestviya v vostochnye strany Plano Karpini i Rubruka / Vstup. st. i primech. N. P. Shastinoi. M., 1957.
  • Jackson P. The Crusade Against the Mongols (1241) // Journal of Ecclesiastical History. 1991. Nr. 42. S. 1-18.
  • Jackson P. The Mongols and the West, 1221— 1410. London; New York, etc., 2005.
  • Jotischky A. The Mendicants as missionaries and travellers in the Near East in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries // Eastward Bound: Travel and Travellers, 1050—1550 / Ed. by R. Allen. Manchester, 2004.
  • Juvaynī ‘Alā at-Dīn ‘Atā Malik. Genghis Khan. The History of the World Conqueror / Transl. from text of Mirza Muhammad Qazvini bу J. А. Boyle, introduction and bibIiography bу О. О. Morgan. Manchester, 1997.
  • Kirakos Gandzaketsi. Istoriya Armenii / Per., predisl. i komment. L. A. Khanlaryan. M., 1976.
  • Klopprogge A. Ursprung und Auspragung des abendlandischen Mongolenbildes im 13. Jahrhundert. Ein Versuch zur Ideengeschichte des Mittelalters. Wiesbaden, 1993.
  • Lane G. Daily life in the Mongol empire. Westport, 2006.
  • Li T. Sorkaktani Beki: A prominent Nestorian woman at the Mongol Court // Jingjiao: the Church of the East in China and Central Asia / Ed. by R. Malek and P. Hofrichter. Sankt Augustin, 2006.
  • Lupprian K.-E. Die Beziehungen der Päpste zu islamischen und mongolischen Herrschern im 13. Jahrhundert anhand ihres Briefwechsels. Città del Vaticano, 1981.
  • Marshall R. Storm from the East. From Genghis Khan to Khubilai Khan. Berkeley; Los Angeles, 1993.
  • Mathei Parisiensis. Ex Chronicis Maioribus Mathei Parisiensis / Ed. R. Paili et F. Liebermann // Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores. Hanniverae, 1888. T. XXVIII.
  • May T. Chormaqan Noyan: The First Mongol Military Governor in the Middle East. 1996 (http://faculty.northgeorgia.edu/TMMay/Chormaqan_thesis.pdf).
  • Münkler M. Erfahrung des Fremden: Die Beschreibung Ostasiens in den Augenzeugenberichten des 13. und 14. Jahrhunderts. Berlin, 2000.
  • Niccolo di Calvi. Vita Innocentii IV // Melloni A. Innocenzo IV. La concezione e l’esperienzadella cristianità come «regimen unius personae». Genoa, 1990.
  • Potthast A. (Ed.) Regesta Pontificum Romanorum inde ab anno post Christum natum 1198 ad anno 1304. Berolini, 1875. T. II.
  • Purcell M. Papal Crusading Policy. The ChiefInstruments of Papal Crusading Policy and Crusade to theHoly Land from the Final Loss of Jerusalem to the Fall of Acre 1244—1291. Leiden, 1975.
  • Rashid ad-Din. Sbornik letopisei. M.; L., 1946. T. III.
  • Rashid ad-Din. Sbornik letopisei / Per. s pers. Yu. P. Verkhovskogo, primech. Yu. P. Verkhovskogo i B. I. Pankratova, red. I. P. Petrushevskogo. M.; L., 1960. T. II. Richard J. La papaité et les missions d’Orient au Moyen Age (XIII—XV siecles). Rome, 1977.
  • Spuler B. Die Goldene Horde. Die Mongolen in Russland, 1223—1502. Wiesbaden, 1965.
  • Tanner N. P. (Ed.) First Council of Lyons (1245). On the Tartars // Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils. Vol. I (Nicaea I —Lateran V). Washington, 1990. (http://www.piar.hu/councils/ecum13.htm).
  • Tizengauzen V. G. Sbornik materialov, otnosyashchikhsya k istorii Zolotoi Ordy. T. II: Izvlecheniya iz persidskikh sochinenii, sobrannye V. G. Tizengauzenom i obrabotannye A. A. Romaskevichem i S. L. Volinym. M.; L., 1941.
  • Thomson W. R. Checklist of papal letters relating to the order of St. Francis: Innocent III — Alexander IV // Archivum Franciscanum Historicum. Rome, 1971. T. 64.
  • Vardan Velikii. Vseobshchaya istoriya Vardana Velikogo / Predisl., per., komment. M. Emina. M., 1861.
  • Weatherford J. Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World. New York, 2004.

Pope Innocent IV’s letter to Sartakh Khan of the Golden Horde (text, translation, notes)

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 77 - 91, 28.12.2021

Öz

The paper published the original text and translation of the letter of Pope Innocent IV to the Golden Horde Khan Sartaq. The letter was written after his arrival in Rome Ambassador Sartaq’s with the news of the adoption of Christianity by Khan and part of his subjects. The fact of the arrival of the ambassador to Pope confirmed the biographer of Innocent IV Niccolò da Calvi. The adoption of Christianity by Sartaq reported as other sources, including the Armenian, Syrian and Persian.

Kaynakça

  • Alberic. Chronica Alberici monachi Trium fontium / Ed. P. Scheffer-Boichorst // Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores. Hannoverae, 1874. T. XXIII.
  • Bar Hebraeu. The Chronography of Gregory Abu’l- Faraj Bar Hebraeus' Political History of the World / Transl. by E. A. Wallis Budge. London, 1932. Vol. I.
  • Baum W. Die Verwandlungen des Mythos vom Reich des Priesterkönigs Johannes. Klagenfurt, 1999.
  • Beckingham Ch. Prester John, the Mongols and the Ten Lost Tribes. Aldershot, 1996.
  • Berger E. (Publ. par) Les registres d’Innocent IV (1243—1254) / Paris, 1897.
  • Foltz R. Religions of the Silk Road: premodern patterns of globalization. New York, 2010.
  • Galstyan A. G. Armyanskie istochniki o mongolakh: izvlecheniya iz rukopisei KhIII—KhIV vv. / Per. M., 1962.
  • Gil'om de Rubruk. Puteshestvie v vostochnye strany / Per. s lat. A. I. Maleina // Puteshestviya v vostochnye strany Plano Karpini i Rubruka / Vstup. st. i primech. N. P. Shastinoi. M., 1957.
  • Jackson P. The Crusade Against the Mongols (1241) // Journal of Ecclesiastical History. 1991. Nr. 42. S. 1-18.
  • Jackson P. The Mongols and the West, 1221— 1410. London; New York, etc., 2005.
  • Jotischky A. The Mendicants as missionaries and travellers in the Near East in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries // Eastward Bound: Travel and Travellers, 1050—1550 / Ed. by R. Allen. Manchester, 2004.
  • Juvaynī ‘Alā at-Dīn ‘Atā Malik. Genghis Khan. The History of the World Conqueror / Transl. from text of Mirza Muhammad Qazvini bу J. А. Boyle, introduction and bibIiography bу О. О. Morgan. Manchester, 1997.
  • Kirakos Gandzaketsi. Istoriya Armenii / Per., predisl. i komment. L. A. Khanlaryan. M., 1976.
  • Klopprogge A. Ursprung und Auspragung des abendlandischen Mongolenbildes im 13. Jahrhundert. Ein Versuch zur Ideengeschichte des Mittelalters. Wiesbaden, 1993.
  • Lane G. Daily life in the Mongol empire. Westport, 2006.
  • Li T. Sorkaktani Beki: A prominent Nestorian woman at the Mongol Court // Jingjiao: the Church of the East in China and Central Asia / Ed. by R. Malek and P. Hofrichter. Sankt Augustin, 2006.
  • Lupprian K.-E. Die Beziehungen der Päpste zu islamischen und mongolischen Herrschern im 13. Jahrhundert anhand ihres Briefwechsels. Città del Vaticano, 1981.
  • Marshall R. Storm from the East. From Genghis Khan to Khubilai Khan. Berkeley; Los Angeles, 1993.
  • Mathei Parisiensis. Ex Chronicis Maioribus Mathei Parisiensis / Ed. R. Paili et F. Liebermann // Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores. Hanniverae, 1888. T. XXVIII.
  • May T. Chormaqan Noyan: The First Mongol Military Governor in the Middle East. 1996 (http://faculty.northgeorgia.edu/TMMay/Chormaqan_thesis.pdf).
  • Münkler M. Erfahrung des Fremden: Die Beschreibung Ostasiens in den Augenzeugenberichten des 13. und 14. Jahrhunderts. Berlin, 2000.
  • Niccolo di Calvi. Vita Innocentii IV // Melloni A. Innocenzo IV. La concezione e l’esperienzadella cristianità come «regimen unius personae». Genoa, 1990.
  • Potthast A. (Ed.) Regesta Pontificum Romanorum inde ab anno post Christum natum 1198 ad anno 1304. Berolini, 1875. T. II.
  • Purcell M. Papal Crusading Policy. The ChiefInstruments of Papal Crusading Policy and Crusade to theHoly Land from the Final Loss of Jerusalem to the Fall of Acre 1244—1291. Leiden, 1975.
  • Rashid ad-Din. Sbornik letopisei. M.; L., 1946. T. III.
  • Rashid ad-Din. Sbornik letopisei / Per. s pers. Yu. P. Verkhovskogo, primech. Yu. P. Verkhovskogo i B. I. Pankratova, red. I. P. Petrushevskogo. M.; L., 1960. T. II. Richard J. La papaité et les missions d’Orient au Moyen Age (XIII—XV siecles). Rome, 1977.
  • Spuler B. Die Goldene Horde. Die Mongolen in Russland, 1223—1502. Wiesbaden, 1965.
  • Tanner N. P. (Ed.) First Council of Lyons (1245). On the Tartars // Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils. Vol. I (Nicaea I —Lateran V). Washington, 1990. (http://www.piar.hu/councils/ecum13.htm).
  • Tizengauzen V. G. Sbornik materialov, otnosyashchikhsya k istorii Zolotoi Ordy. T. II: Izvlecheniya iz persidskikh sochinenii, sobrannye V. G. Tizengauzenom i obrabotannye A. A. Romaskevichem i S. L. Volinym. M.; L., 1941.
  • Thomson W. R. Checklist of papal letters relating to the order of St. Francis: Innocent III — Alexander IV // Archivum Franciscanum Historicum. Rome, 1971. T. 64.
  • Vardan Velikii. Vseobshchaya istoriya Vardana Velikogo / Predisl., per., komment. M. Emina. M., 1861.
  • Weatherford J. Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World. New York, 2004.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Çeviriler
Çevirmenler

Alihan Büyükçolak

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Büyükçolak, Alihan, çev. “Papa IV. İnnokent’in Altınorda Hanı Sartak’a Mektubu (Metin, Tercüme, Yorum)”. Türk Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 6, sy. 2 (Aralık 2021): 77-91.