Assessment of Variability for Nutritional Traits of Burr Medic (Medicago polymorpha L.) Genotypes with Different Phenology

Öz

The objective of this study was to determine compatible genotypes for both grazing and ley farming systems concerning nutritional traits among burr medic (Medicago polymorpha L.) genotypes with different flowering times. Therefore, the variability for nutritional traits of early- (n=13), medium- (n=12) and late-flowering (n=19) genotypes from a breeding study carried out during the 2016-2018 years was assessed using one-way ANOVA and chemometric techniques such as principal component (PCA) and cluster (CA) analyses. Except for the acid detergent protein, calcium and magnesium contents, there were significant differences in the nutritional traits among the genotypes with different flowering times. The medium-flowering genotype had a significant advantage over especially early-flowering genotype in crude protein, acid detergent fiber, metabolizable energy, and relative feed value. There were significantly mutual correlations between most of the studied traits. Consequently, considerable amounts of variability were determined among the genotypes for all the traits under consideration. The 44 genotypes formed three clusters, in which cluster sizes ranged from 3 to 29 accessions per cluster. The PCA 1 and 2 had the highest eigenvalues of 6.44 and 1.35, describing 63.27% and 15.91% of the total variance, respectively. The PCA and CA results indicate that medium- and late-flowering genotypes had the best nutritional traits due to probably high photosynthetic capacity in the conditions of the present study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Annual alfalfa
• Cluster analysis
• Forage quality
• Nutritive value
• Plant breeding
• Principal component analysis

Kaynakça

1. Acquaah, G., 2012. Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester.
2. Addis, M., Cabiddu, A., Pinna, G., Decandia, M., Piredda, G., Pirsi, A., Molle, G., 2005. Milk and cheese fatty acid composition in sheep fed Mediterranean forages with reference to conjugated linoleic acid cis-9, trans-11. Journal of Dairy Science, 88(10): 3443-3454.
3. Amini, F., Masoomi, P., Ramshini, H., Norouzian, M.A., 2018. Genetic diversity among tall fescue ecotypes using agro-morphological traits, nutritional values and AFLP molecular markers. Iranian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 7(2): 54-64.
4. Anonymous, 1991. Descriptors for Annual Medicago/Descripteurs pour Medicago Annuelles. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, Via delle Sette Chiese 142-00145 Rome, Italy.
5. Anonymous, 2016. Climate of Türkiye According to Thornthwaite Climate Classification. Turkish State Meteorological Service, (https://www.mgm.gov.tr/ FILES/iklim/iklim_siniflandirmalari/Thornthwaite.pdf), (Accessed: 19.01.2022). (In Turkish).
6. Anonymous, 2018. Samsun Province Climate Data. Turkish State Meteorological Service, (https://www. mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik. aspx?m=SAMSUN), (Accessed: 19.01.2018). (In Turkish).
7. Aydın, İ., Uzun, F., Algan, D., 2015. Yield and nutritive values of some wild annual medic species collected from different geographical location. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Science, 30(3): 275-280. (In Turkish).
8. Aydin, I., Algan, D., Pak, B., Ocak, N., 2019. Similarity analysis with respect to some quality indicators and quality categories based on relative forage quality ranges of desirable rangeland forages. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28(8): 5926-5936.

9. Aydin, İ., Pak, B., Algan, D., Ocak, N., 2020. Floristic patterns and qualities of forage species from mountainous rangeland in the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 8(3): 733-740.
10. Aydin, R., Kamalak, A., Canbolat, O., 2007. Effect of maturity on the potential nutritive value of burr medic (Medicago polymorpha) hay. Journal of Biological Sciences, 7(2): 300-304.
11. Corrales‐Retana, L., Ciucci, F., Conte, G., Casarosa, L., Mele, M., Serra, A., 2021. Profile of fatty acid lipid fractions of omega‐3 fatty acid‐enriched table eggs. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 105(2): 326-335.
12. Crews, T.E., Blesh, J., Culman, S.W., Hayes, R.C., Jensen, E.S., Mack, M.C., Peobles, M.B., Schipanski, M.E., 2016. Going where no grains have gone before: From early to mid-succession. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 223: 223-238.
13. Cui, J., Lu, Z., Wang, T., Chen, G., Mostafa, S., Ren, H., Liu, S., Fu, C., Wang, L., Zhu, Y., Lu, J., Chen, X., Wei, Z., Jin, B., 2021. The genome of Medicago polymorpha provides insights into its edibility and nutritional value as a vegetable and forage legume. Horticulture Research, 8(1): 1-12.
14. Del Pozo, A., Ovalle, C., Aronson, J., Avendano, J., 2002. Ecotypic differentiation in Medicago polymorpha L. along an environmental gradient in central Chile. II. Winter growth as related to phenology and temperature regime. Plant Ecology, 160(1): 53-59.
15. Ewing, M.A.B., 1986. Serena and Circle Valley medic establishment. Journal of the Department of Agriculture, 27(4): 107-112.
16. Graziano, D., Di Giorgio, G., Ruisi, P., Amato, G., Giambalvo, D., 2010. Variation in pheno-morphological and agronomic traits among burr medic (Medicago polymorpha L.) populations collected in Sicily, Italy. Crop and Pasture Science, 61(1): 59-69.
17. Iannucci, A., Terribile, M.R., Martiniello, P., 2008. Effects of temperature and photoperiod on flowering time of forage legumes in a Mediterranean environment. Field Crops Research, 106(2): 156-162.
18. Kop‐Bozbay, C., Akdag, A., Bozkurt‐Kiraz, A., Gore, M., Kurt, O., Ocak, N., 2021. Laying performance, egg quality characteristics, and egg yolk fatty acids profile in layer hens housed with free access to chicory‐ and/or white clover‐vegetated or non‐vegetated areas. Animals, 11(6): 1708-1716.
19. Lermi, A.G., Palta, Ş., 2014. Investigation of some plant characteristics of Medicago polymorpha L. in ecology of Bartin province. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Journal of Agricultural Faculty, 2(2): 141-149. (In Turkish).
20. Lüscher, A., Mueller‐Harvey, I., Soussana, J.F., Rees, R.M., Peyraud, J.L., 2014. Potential of legume‐based grassland-livestock systems in Europe: a review. Grass and Forage Science, 69(2): 206-228.
21. Moore, J.E., Undersander, D.J., 2002. Relative forage quality: An alternative to relative feed value and quality index. Proceedings 13th Annual Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium, January 10-11, University of Florida, USA, pp. 16-32.
22. Muir, J.P., Ocumpaugh, W.R., Read, J.C., 2003. Spring forage yield and nutritive value of Texas black medic accessions. Agronomy Journal, 95(4): 908-912.
23. Nazari-Dashlibrown, P., 2004. Reduction of overgrazing pressure on rangelands by grazing annual medics. Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes, 62: 443-446.
24. Rochon, J.J., Doyle, C.J., Greef, J.M., Hopkins, A., Molle, G., Sitzia, M., Scholefield, D., Smith, C.J., 2004. Grazing legumes in Europe: a review of their status, management, benefits, research needs and future prospects. Grass and Forage Science, 59(3): 197-214.
25. Seker, H., Yazici, A., Uysal, P., 2014. Analysis of variability, heritability, and genetic advance in seed yield and related traits of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) populations. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 38(5): 633-643.
26. Shirmardi, H., Bolfaji, F., Mesdaghi, M., Chamani, A., 2003. Determination of nutritional value of six species range plants in Yekkeh Chenar, Maraveh Tappeh area (Golestan province) (In Persian). Journal of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, 10(1): 131-149.
27. Singh, S., Bhat, B.V., Shukla, G.P., Gaharana, D., Anele, U.Y., 2017. Nutritional evaluation of different varieties of sorghum stovers in sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 227: 42-51.
28. Stagnari, F., Maggio, A., Galieni, A., Pisante, M., 2017. Multiple benefits of legumes for agriculture sustainability: an overview. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, 4(1): 1-13.
29. Tyagi, S.D., Khan, M.H., 2010. Studies on genetic variability and interrelationship among the different traits in microsperma lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.). Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development, 2(1): 15-20.
30. Uzun, F., Aydin, I., 2004. Improving Germination Rate of Medicago and Trifolium Species. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 3(6): 714-717.
31. Uzun, F., Garipoğlu, A.V., Ocak, N., 2017. Water use efficiency, yield, and nutritional quality of maize and sorghum cultivars as influenced by irrigation in a shallow soil. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32(3): 358-366.
32. Uzun, F., Ocak, N., 2019. Some vegetation characteristics of rangelands subjected to different grazing pressures with single- or multi-species of animals for a long time (A case of Zonguldak province, Turkey). Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Science, 34(3): 360-370.
33. Walczak, J., Bocian, S., Kowalkowski, T., Trziszka, T., Buszewski, B., 2017. Determination of omega fatty acid profiles in egg yolk by HILIC-LC-MS and GC-MS. Food Analytical Methods, 10(5): 1264-1272.