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The Biological Control of Fusarium oxysporum Causing Wilting in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Yıl 2019, , 65 - 72, 28.02.2019
https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.475915

Öz

This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of some Trichoderma species against Fusarium oxysporum causing Chickpea wilt
disease under in vitro and in vivo conditions between 2017 and 2018. On the
experiment conducted
in PDA medium by using dual culture technique with an incubation at 22 ± 24
ºC
against two isolates of F.
oxysporum
(N5 and N7),
the most effective isolates were T. hamatum ÖT 16, T. asperellum ÖT1, T.
strigosum
LO43, T. gamsii VG47, and
T. gamsii
VG48
, respectively. In vivo experiment was carried out by applying
an antagonist to chickpea seeds at
artificially
contaminated soil.
Trichoderma
affected pathogen in different rates.
The most effective isolates were T. hamatum ÖT16, T.
viride
VG18, and T. gamsii VG47,
respectively. In the study, it was
concluded that Trichoderma is effective in biological control against chickpea
wilt disease.

Kaynakça

  • Abou-Zeid, N.M., Hallila, H., 2003. Current status of chickpea diseases in Egypt. In: International Chickpea Conference, Chickpea Research for Millennium Raipur, January 20-22, Chhattisgarh, India, pp. 156-166.
  • Akçin, A., 1988. Yemeklik Dane Baklagiller. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları: 8, Konya.
  • Anonim, 2018. Nohut Üretim İstatistikleri. (http:// www. tüik.gov.tr), (Erişim tarihi: 25.10.2018).
  • Aydın, M.H., Turhan, G., 2009. Rhizoctonia solani’nin fungal antagonistlerinin belirlenmesi üzerinde araştırmalar. Anadolu Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, 19(2): 49-72.
  • Aydın, M.H.,. Turhan, G., Göre, E., 2011. Patates yumrularında Rhizoctonia solani Kühn sklerotlarının canlılığı ve oluşumu üzerine bazı antagonistlerin etkinliğinin belirlenmesi. Anadolu Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, 21(2): 29-38.
  • Aydın, M.H., Turhan, G., 2013. Patateste Rhizoctonia solani’ye karşı Trichoderma türlerinin etkinliği ve bazı fungisitlerle birlikte kullanılması. Anadolu Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, 23(1): 12-30.
  • Aydın, M.H., 2015. Bitki fungal hastalıklarıyla biyolojik savaşta Trichoderma’lar. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Research, 2(2): 135-148.
  • Aydın, M.H., İnal, B., 2018. Genetic characterization and virulence of Fusarium spp. isolated from chickpea. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 65(1): 56-60.
  • Bae, H., Sicher, R.C., Kim, M.S., Kim, S.H., Strem, M.D., MeInice, R.L., Bailey, B.A., 2009. The beneficial endophyte Trichoderma hamatum isolate DS 219b promotes growth and delays the onset of the drought response in Theobroma cacao. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60(11): 3279-3295.
  • Bayraktar, H., Dolar, F.S., 2009. Genetic diversity of wilt and root rot pathogens of chickpea, as assessed by RAPD and ISSR. Turkish Journal of Agriculture Forestry, 33(1): 1-10.
  • Datnoff, L.E., Nemec, S., Pernezny, K., 1995. Biological control of Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato in Florida using Trichoderma harzianum and Glomus intraradices. Biological Control, 5(3): 427-431.
  • De, R.K., Chaudhary, R.G., Naimuddin, J., 1996 .Comperative efficacy of bio-control agents and fungisides for controlling chickpea wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f . sp. ciceri. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 66(6): 370-373.
  • Demirci, E., Eken, C., Kantar, F., 1999. Pathogenicity of wilt and root rot pathogens of chickpea cv. Aziziye-94. The Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 28(1-2): 25-32.
  • Djonovic, S., Vittone, G., Herrera, A.M., Kenerley, C.M., 2007. Enhanced biocontrol activity of Trichoderma virens transformants constitutively coexpressing β-1,3- and β-1,6- glucanase genes, Molecular Plant Pathology, 8(4): 469-480.
  • Dolar, F.S., 1996. Survey of chickpea diseases in Ankara, Turkey. International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter, 3: 33-34.
  • Dubey, S.C., 1998. Evaluation of fungal antagonists of Thanatephorus cucumeris causing web blight of horse gram. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 28(1): 15-17.
  • Dubey, S.C., 2000. Biological management of web blight of groundnut (R. solani). Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 30(1): 89-90.
  • Dubey, S.C., 2002. Bio-agent based integrated management of collar rot of French bean. Indian Phytopatholgy, 55: 230-231.
  • Dubey, S.C., 2003. Integrated management of web blight of urd/mung bean by bio-seed treatment. Indian Phytopatholgy, 56(1): 34-38.
  • Dubey, S.C., Suresh, M., Singh, B., 2007. Evaluation of Trichoderma species against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris for integrated management of chickpea wilt. Biological Control, 40(1): 118-127.
  • Fravel, D., Olivain, C., Alabouvette, C., 2003. Fusarium oxysporum and its biocontrol. New Phytologist Journal, 157(3): 493-502
  • Harman, G.E., 2000. Myths and dogmas of biocontrol: Changes in perceptions derived from research on T. harzianum T-22. Plant Diseases, 84(4): 377-393.
  • Harman, G.E., Howell, C.R., Viterbo, A., Chet, I., Lorito, M., 2004. Trichoderma species-opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nature Review Microbiology, 2: 43-56.
  • Haware, M.P., Nene, Y.L., Mathur, S.B., 1986. Seed borne disease of chickpea: Technical Bulletin No.l Copenhagen, Denmark: Danish Govt, Institute of Seed Pathology for Developing Countries, pp. 32.
  • Haware, M.P., Nene, Y.L., Natarajan, M., 1996. Survival of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri in soil absence of chickpea. Phytopathology Mediterranea, 35(1): 9-12.
  • Jiménez-Díaz, R.M., Trapero-Casas, A., 1985. Use of fungicide treatments and host resistance to control the wilt and root rot complex of chickpeas. Plant Disease, 69(7): 591-595.
  • Jimenez-Diaz, R.M., Trapero-Casas, A., 1990. Improvement of chickpea resistance to wilt and root rot diseases. Options Méditerranéennes-Série Séminaires, 9: 65-72.
  • Jiménez-Díaz, R.M., Castillo, P., Del Mar Jiménez-Gasco, M., Landa, B.B., Navas-Cortés, J.A., 2015. Fusarium wilt of chickpeas: Biology, ecology and management. Crop Protection, 73(1): 16-27.
  • Kaiser, W.J., Alcala-Jimenez, A.R., Hervas-Vargas, A., Trapero-Casas, J.L., Jimenez-Diaz, R.M., 1994. Screening of wild Cicer species for resistance to race 0 and 5 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Plant Disease, 78(10): 962-967.
  • Kredics, L., Antal, Z., Manczinger, L., Szekeres, A., Kevei, F., Nagy, E., 2003. Trichderma strains with biocontrol potential. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 41(1): 37-42.
  • Kumar, B.S.D., 1996. Crop improvement and disease suppression by a Bacillus sp. SR 2 from peanut rhizosphere. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 34(8): 794-798.
  • Kumar, D., Dubey, S.C., 2001. Management of collar rot of pea by the integration of biological and chemical methods. Indian Phytopathology, 54(1): 62-66.
  • Landa, B.B., Navas-Cortés, J.A., Jiménez-Díaz, R.M., 2004. Integrated management of fusarium wilt of chickpea with sowing date, host resistance, and biological control. Phytopathology, 94(9): 946-960.
  • Nene, Y.L., Haware, M.P., 1980. Screening chickpea for resistance to wilt. Plant Disease, 64(4): 379-380.
  • Nene, Y.L., Sheila, V.K., Sharma, S.B., 1984. A world list of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) pathogens. Pulse Pathology Progress Report -32, pp 20. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), India.
  • Nene, Y.L., Reddy, M.V., 1987. Chickpea diseases and their control . Pages 233- 270 in The chickpea (Saxena MC and Singh KB, eds).. Wallingford, Oxon, UK: CAB International.
  • Pandey, G., Singh, R.B., 1990. Survey of root diseases of chickpea in Allahabad region. Current Nematology, 1(1) : 77-78.
  • Papavizas, G.C., 1985. Trichoderma and Gliocladium: Biology, ecology, and potential for biocontrol. Annual Review Phytopathology, 23: 23-54.
  • Poddar, R.K., Singh, D.V., Dubey, S.C., 2004. Integrated application of Trichoderma harzianum mutants and carbendazim to manage chickpea wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri). Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, 74: 346-348.
  • Singh, R.N., Upadhyay, J.P., Ojha, K.L., 1993. Management of chickpea wilt by fungicides and Gliocladium. Journal of Applied Biology, 32(2): 46-51.
  • Singh, R.S., Daljeet, S., Singh, H.V., Singh, D., 1997 . Effect of fungal antagonist on the growth of chickpea plants and wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. Plant Diseases Research, 12(2): 103-107.
  • Sonawane, S.S., Pawar, N.B., 2001. Studies on biological management of chickpea wilt. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universites, 26(2): 215-216.
  • Srivastava, J., Dwivedi, S.K., Prasad, C., 2015. Efficacy of some fungal antagonist against chickpea wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri. International Journal of Science & Technology, 5(3): 8-19.
  • Trapero-Casas, A., Jimenez-Diaz, R.M., 1985. Fungal wilt and root rot diseases of chickpea in Southern Spain. Phytopathology, 75(10): 1146-1151.
  • Turhan, G., 1990. Further hyperparasites of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn as promising candidates for biological control. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 97(2): 208-215.
  • Yedidia, I., Benhamou, N., Chet, I., 1999. Induction of defense responses in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) by the biocontrolagent Trichoderma harzianum. Applied and. Environmental Microbiology, 65(3): 1061-1070.

Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.)’ta Solgunluğa Neden Olan Fusarium oxysporum’un Biyolojik Mücadelesi

Yıl 2019, , 65 - 72, 28.02.2019
https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.475915

Öz

Bu çalışma, nohut solgunluk hastalığına neden olan Fusarium oxysporum’a karşı bazı Trichoderma
türlerinin etkinliğini belirlemek amacıyla 2017-2018 yılları arasında in vivo
ve in vitro koşullarında yürütülmüştür.
F. oxysporum’un N5 ve N7 izolatına karşı, PDA
besiyerinde, ikili kültür yöntemine göre,
 
22 ± 24 oC’de yürütülen denemede, en etkili izolatlar
sırasıyla
T. hamatum ÖT 16,
T. asperellum ÖT1, T. strigosum LO43, T. gamsii VG47 ve T. gamsii VG48 olarak belirlenmiştir. İn vivo koşullarında ise,
bulaşık saksı toprağında, nohut tohumlarına antagonist uygulayarak yürütülmüştür.
Trichoderma’ların nohut solgunluk
patojenlerini farklı oranlarda etkilediği, en etkili izolatların ise sırasıyla
T. hamatum ÖT16, T.viride VG18, T. gamsii VG47
olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada, nohut solgunluk hastalığına karşı
biyolojik mücadelede,
 Trichoderma’ların etkili olduğu sonucuna
varılmıştır. 

Kaynakça

  • Abou-Zeid, N.M., Hallila, H., 2003. Current status of chickpea diseases in Egypt. In: International Chickpea Conference, Chickpea Research for Millennium Raipur, January 20-22, Chhattisgarh, India, pp. 156-166.
  • Akçin, A., 1988. Yemeklik Dane Baklagiller. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları: 8, Konya.
  • Anonim, 2018. Nohut Üretim İstatistikleri. (http:// www. tüik.gov.tr), (Erişim tarihi: 25.10.2018).
  • Aydın, M.H., Turhan, G., 2009. Rhizoctonia solani’nin fungal antagonistlerinin belirlenmesi üzerinde araştırmalar. Anadolu Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, 19(2): 49-72.
  • Aydın, M.H.,. Turhan, G., Göre, E., 2011. Patates yumrularında Rhizoctonia solani Kühn sklerotlarının canlılığı ve oluşumu üzerine bazı antagonistlerin etkinliğinin belirlenmesi. Anadolu Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, 21(2): 29-38.
  • Aydın, M.H., Turhan, G., 2013. Patateste Rhizoctonia solani’ye karşı Trichoderma türlerinin etkinliği ve bazı fungisitlerle birlikte kullanılması. Anadolu Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, 23(1): 12-30.
  • Aydın, M.H., 2015. Bitki fungal hastalıklarıyla biyolojik savaşta Trichoderma’lar. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Research, 2(2): 135-148.
  • Aydın, M.H., İnal, B., 2018. Genetic characterization and virulence of Fusarium spp. isolated from chickpea. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 65(1): 56-60.
  • Bae, H., Sicher, R.C., Kim, M.S., Kim, S.H., Strem, M.D., MeInice, R.L., Bailey, B.A., 2009. The beneficial endophyte Trichoderma hamatum isolate DS 219b promotes growth and delays the onset of the drought response in Theobroma cacao. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60(11): 3279-3295.
  • Bayraktar, H., Dolar, F.S., 2009. Genetic diversity of wilt and root rot pathogens of chickpea, as assessed by RAPD and ISSR. Turkish Journal of Agriculture Forestry, 33(1): 1-10.
  • Datnoff, L.E., Nemec, S., Pernezny, K., 1995. Biological control of Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato in Florida using Trichoderma harzianum and Glomus intraradices. Biological Control, 5(3): 427-431.
  • De, R.K., Chaudhary, R.G., Naimuddin, J., 1996 .Comperative efficacy of bio-control agents and fungisides for controlling chickpea wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f . sp. ciceri. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 66(6): 370-373.
  • Demirci, E., Eken, C., Kantar, F., 1999. Pathogenicity of wilt and root rot pathogens of chickpea cv. Aziziye-94. The Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 28(1-2): 25-32.
  • Djonovic, S., Vittone, G., Herrera, A.M., Kenerley, C.M., 2007. Enhanced biocontrol activity of Trichoderma virens transformants constitutively coexpressing β-1,3- and β-1,6- glucanase genes, Molecular Plant Pathology, 8(4): 469-480.
  • Dolar, F.S., 1996. Survey of chickpea diseases in Ankara, Turkey. International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter, 3: 33-34.
  • Dubey, S.C., 1998. Evaluation of fungal antagonists of Thanatephorus cucumeris causing web blight of horse gram. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 28(1): 15-17.
  • Dubey, S.C., 2000. Biological management of web blight of groundnut (R. solani). Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 30(1): 89-90.
  • Dubey, S.C., 2002. Bio-agent based integrated management of collar rot of French bean. Indian Phytopatholgy, 55: 230-231.
  • Dubey, S.C., 2003. Integrated management of web blight of urd/mung bean by bio-seed treatment. Indian Phytopatholgy, 56(1): 34-38.
  • Dubey, S.C., Suresh, M., Singh, B., 2007. Evaluation of Trichoderma species against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris for integrated management of chickpea wilt. Biological Control, 40(1): 118-127.
  • Fravel, D., Olivain, C., Alabouvette, C., 2003. Fusarium oxysporum and its biocontrol. New Phytologist Journal, 157(3): 493-502
  • Harman, G.E., 2000. Myths and dogmas of biocontrol: Changes in perceptions derived from research on T. harzianum T-22. Plant Diseases, 84(4): 377-393.
  • Harman, G.E., Howell, C.R., Viterbo, A., Chet, I., Lorito, M., 2004. Trichoderma species-opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nature Review Microbiology, 2: 43-56.
  • Haware, M.P., Nene, Y.L., Mathur, S.B., 1986. Seed borne disease of chickpea: Technical Bulletin No.l Copenhagen, Denmark: Danish Govt, Institute of Seed Pathology for Developing Countries, pp. 32.
  • Haware, M.P., Nene, Y.L., Natarajan, M., 1996. Survival of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri in soil absence of chickpea. Phytopathology Mediterranea, 35(1): 9-12.
  • Jiménez-Díaz, R.M., Trapero-Casas, A., 1985. Use of fungicide treatments and host resistance to control the wilt and root rot complex of chickpeas. Plant Disease, 69(7): 591-595.
  • Jimenez-Diaz, R.M., Trapero-Casas, A., 1990. Improvement of chickpea resistance to wilt and root rot diseases. Options Méditerranéennes-Série Séminaires, 9: 65-72.
  • Jiménez-Díaz, R.M., Castillo, P., Del Mar Jiménez-Gasco, M., Landa, B.B., Navas-Cortés, J.A., 2015. Fusarium wilt of chickpeas: Biology, ecology and management. Crop Protection, 73(1): 16-27.
  • Kaiser, W.J., Alcala-Jimenez, A.R., Hervas-Vargas, A., Trapero-Casas, J.L., Jimenez-Diaz, R.M., 1994. Screening of wild Cicer species for resistance to race 0 and 5 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Plant Disease, 78(10): 962-967.
  • Kredics, L., Antal, Z., Manczinger, L., Szekeres, A., Kevei, F., Nagy, E., 2003. Trichderma strains with biocontrol potential. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 41(1): 37-42.
  • Kumar, B.S.D., 1996. Crop improvement and disease suppression by a Bacillus sp. SR 2 from peanut rhizosphere. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 34(8): 794-798.
  • Kumar, D., Dubey, S.C., 2001. Management of collar rot of pea by the integration of biological and chemical methods. Indian Phytopathology, 54(1): 62-66.
  • Landa, B.B., Navas-Cortés, J.A., Jiménez-Díaz, R.M., 2004. Integrated management of fusarium wilt of chickpea with sowing date, host resistance, and biological control. Phytopathology, 94(9): 946-960.
  • Nene, Y.L., Haware, M.P., 1980. Screening chickpea for resistance to wilt. Plant Disease, 64(4): 379-380.
  • Nene, Y.L., Sheila, V.K., Sharma, S.B., 1984. A world list of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) pathogens. Pulse Pathology Progress Report -32, pp 20. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), India.
  • Nene, Y.L., Reddy, M.V., 1987. Chickpea diseases and their control . Pages 233- 270 in The chickpea (Saxena MC and Singh KB, eds).. Wallingford, Oxon, UK: CAB International.
  • Pandey, G., Singh, R.B., 1990. Survey of root diseases of chickpea in Allahabad region. Current Nematology, 1(1) : 77-78.
  • Papavizas, G.C., 1985. Trichoderma and Gliocladium: Biology, ecology, and potential for biocontrol. Annual Review Phytopathology, 23: 23-54.
  • Poddar, R.K., Singh, D.V., Dubey, S.C., 2004. Integrated application of Trichoderma harzianum mutants and carbendazim to manage chickpea wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri). Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, 74: 346-348.
  • Singh, R.N., Upadhyay, J.P., Ojha, K.L., 1993. Management of chickpea wilt by fungicides and Gliocladium. Journal of Applied Biology, 32(2): 46-51.
  • Singh, R.S., Daljeet, S., Singh, H.V., Singh, D., 1997 . Effect of fungal antagonist on the growth of chickpea plants and wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. Plant Diseases Research, 12(2): 103-107.
  • Sonawane, S.S., Pawar, N.B., 2001. Studies on biological management of chickpea wilt. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universites, 26(2): 215-216.
  • Srivastava, J., Dwivedi, S.K., Prasad, C., 2015. Efficacy of some fungal antagonist against chickpea wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri. International Journal of Science & Technology, 5(3): 8-19.
  • Trapero-Casas, A., Jimenez-Diaz, R.M., 1985. Fungal wilt and root rot diseases of chickpea in Southern Spain. Phytopathology, 75(10): 1146-1151.
  • Turhan, G., 1990. Further hyperparasites of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn as promising candidates for biological control. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 97(2): 208-215.
  • Yedidia, I., Benhamou, N., Chet, I., 1999. Induction of defense responses in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) by the biocontrolagent Trichoderma harzianum. Applied and. Environmental Microbiology, 65(3): 1061-1070.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi / Research Article
Yazarlar

Mehmet Hadi Aydın 0000-0003-3135-4621

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Şubat 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019

Kaynak Göster

APA Aydın, M. H. (2019). Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.)’ta Solgunluğa Neden Olan Fusarium oxysporum’un Biyolojik Mücadelesi. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(1), 65-72. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.475915
AMA Aydın MH. Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.)’ta Solgunluğa Neden Olan Fusarium oxysporum’un Biyolojik Mücadelesi. TÜTAD. Şubat 2019;6(1):65-72. doi:10.19159/tutad.475915
Chicago Aydın, Mehmet Hadi. “Nohut (Cicer Arietinum L.)’ta Solgunluğa Neden Olan Fusarium oxysporum’un Biyolojik Mücadelesi”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 6, sy. 1 (Şubat 2019): 65-72. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.475915.
EndNote Aydın MH (01 Şubat 2019) Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.)’ta Solgunluğa Neden Olan Fusarium oxysporum’un Biyolojik Mücadelesi. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 6 1 65–72.
IEEE M. H. Aydın, “Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.)’ta Solgunluğa Neden Olan Fusarium oxysporum’un Biyolojik Mücadelesi”, TÜTAD, c. 6, sy. 1, ss. 65–72, 2019, doi: 10.19159/tutad.475915.
ISNAD Aydın, Mehmet Hadi. “Nohut (Cicer Arietinum L.)’ta Solgunluğa Neden Olan Fusarium oxysporum’un Biyolojik Mücadelesi”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi 6/1 (Şubat 2019), 65-72. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.475915.
JAMA Aydın MH. Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.)’ta Solgunluğa Neden Olan Fusarium oxysporum’un Biyolojik Mücadelesi. TÜTAD. 2019;6:65–72.
MLA Aydın, Mehmet Hadi. “Nohut (Cicer Arietinum L.)’ta Solgunluğa Neden Olan Fusarium oxysporum’un Biyolojik Mücadelesi”. Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 1, 2019, ss. 65-72, doi:10.19159/tutad.475915.
Vancouver Aydın MH. Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.)’ta Solgunluğa Neden Olan Fusarium oxysporum’un Biyolojik Mücadelesi. TÜTAD. 2019;6(1):65-72.

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