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DİŞİ İNCİR (Ficus carica var. domestica) GENETİK ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNE YAPILAN ÇALIŞMALAR

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 42 - 61, 31.08.2023

Öz

Türkiye’nin incir genetik kaynakları, hem ekonomik hem de kültürel yönden değerlidir. Bu zenginliğin korunması ve kuşaklar boyu aktarılması önem taşımaktadır. Ancak, diğer tarımsal ürünlerde olduğu gibi; iklim, insan faaliyetleri ve çevresel nedenlerle incirde de genetik erozyon riski bulunmaktadır. Türkiye’de olduğu gibi Dünya ülkelerinde de dişi incir genetik kaynaklarının sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması için, bu kaynakların korunmasına, zenginleştirilmesine yönelik çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmalar içinde; toplama, karakterizasyon, değerlendirilme gibi konular yer almaktadır. İncir genetik kaynaklarının korunduğu yerler; botanik bahçeleri, incir arazi gen bankaları, üretici bahçeleri ya da doğal habitat olabilir. Örneğin Türkiye incir arazi gen bankasında, 354 incir genotipi muhafaza altına alınmıştır. İncir üzerine yapılan çalışmalar yeni yapılacak olan çalışmalara da kaynak oluşturması açısından çok önemli olup, pasaport, karakterizasyon bilgileri gibi konular da kayıt altına alınmaktadır. Bu makalede, Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de dişi incir biyoçeşitliliğinin korunması üzerine, yapılan çalışmalar ile ülkesel yaklaşımlar ortaya konmaya çalışılmış ve dişi incir genetik çeşitliliği üzerine şimdiye kadar yapılan güncel bazı Ar-Ge çalışmaları özetlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

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Female Fig (Ficus carica var. domestica) Studies on Genetic Diversity

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 42 - 61, 31.08.2023

Öz

Turkey's female fig gene resources is valuable both economically and culturally. It is important to protect this wealth and transfer it for generations. However, as in other agricultural products; there is a genetic erosion risk in figs due to climate, human activities and environmental reasons. In order to ensure the sustainability of female fig genetic resources in the world countries as in Turkey, studies are carried out for the protection and enrichment of these resources. Collection, characterization, evaluation etc. are in these studies. The places where fig genetic resources are protected; botanical gardens, fig field gene banks, producer gardens or natural habitats. For example, fig field gene bank in Turkey, 354 fig genotypes are conserved. Studies on figs are very important in terms of creating a source for new studies, and subjects such as passport and characterization information are also recorded. In this article, studies and national approaches on the protection of female fig biodiversity in the world and in Turkey have been tried to be revealed and some recent studies on female fig genetic diversity have been summarized.
Keywords: Selection, characterization, climate, molecular, breeding

Kaynakça

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  • Ramirez-Villegas, J., Challinor, A.J., Thornton, P.K.ve Jarvis, A. (2013). Implications of regional improvement in global climate models for agricultural impact research. Environmental Research Letters. 8: 024018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024018
  • Rattanpal H.S., Sidhu, G.S. ve Bons, H.K. (31 Ağustos 2017). Tree and fruit characteristics of fig cultivars grown in Punjab. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1173: V International Symposium on Fig.(ss.117-120). Italy. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2017.1173.20
  • Rodrıgues, M.G.F., Momterio, L.N.H., Ferreira, A.F.A., Santos, T.P.D., Pavan, B.E., Neves, V.A.B. ve Boliani, A.C. (2018). Genetic variability in morphological characters among Fig tree accessions Fig genetic conservation. Genet. Mol. Res. 17(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/gmr16039931
  • Sadder, MT., Alshomali, I., Ateyyeh, A. ve Musallam, A. (2021). Physiological and molecular responses for long term salinity stress in common fig (Ficus carica L.). Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 27, 107–117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-020-00921-z
  • Saddoud, O., Salhi-Hannachi, A., Chatti, K., Mars, M., Rhouma, A., Marrakchi, M. ve Trifi, M. (2005). Tunisian fig (Ficus carica L.) genetic diversity and cultivar characterization using microsatellite markers. Fruits. 60(2), 143-153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/fruits:2005018.
  • Saddoud, O., Chatti, K., Salhi-Hannachi, A., Mars, M., Rhouma, A., Marrakchi, M. ve Trifi, M. (2007). Genetic diversity of Tunisian figs (F. carica L.) as revealed by nuclear microsatellites. Hereditas. 144(4),149-157. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2007.0018-0661.01967.x.
  • Salerno, G., Stinca, A., Giaccone, M., Scognamiglio, P. ve Basile, B. (31 Ağustos 2017). Ethnobotanical use of fig (Ficus carica L.) in southern Italy. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1173: V International Symposium on Fig. (ss. 371-376). Italy. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2017.1173.64.
  • Sanchez, MA.J., Melgarejo, P., Hernandez, FCA. ve Martinez-Nicolas, J.J. (2003). Chemical and morphological characterization of four fig tree cultivars (Ficus carica L.) grown under similar culture conditions Acta Horticulturae, 605(605),33-36. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2003.605.3
  • Sánchez, RP., Remedios, MM.C. ve Sánchez Ángeles, M. (2016). Agro-morphological diversity of traditional fig cultivars grown in central-western Spain. Genetika. 48, 533-546. https://doi.org/10.2298/GENSR1602533P.
  • Sezen, I., Ercişli, S. ve Gözlekçi, Ş. (2014). Biodiversity of figs (Ficus carica l.) in Çoruh Valley of Turkey. Erwerbs-Obstbau. 56(4), 139–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-014-0222-6.
  • Simioniuc, D., Uptmoor, R., Friedt, W., Ordon F. ve Swiecicki, W. (2002). Genetic diversity and relationships among pea cultivars revealed by RAPDs and AFLPs. P. Breed. 121, 429–435. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2002.733320.x
  • Simsek, M. ve Yildirim, H. (2010). Fruit characteristics of the selected fig genotypes. Afr. J. Biot. 9(37), 6056–6060. eISSN: 1684-5315.
  • Simsek, M., Kocatas, H. ve Cobanoglu, F. (2010). Table fıg (Ficus carica L.) selectıon in Midyat District of Mardin Province Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi. 24 (3), 75-78.
  • Sımsek, M., Gulsoy, E., Kırar, M Z., Turgut, Y. ve Yucel, B. (2017). Identification and selection of some female fig genotypes from Mardin Province of Turkey. Pak. J. Bot. 49(2), 541-546.
  • Soliman, A., Hamdy, R. ve Mahdy, R. (2021). Numerical taxonomy of genus Ficus l. 1753 (Moraceae), wıth addition new record species to Egypt. https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2021.16.4.0429
  • Stănică, F., Butcaru, A.C., Asănică, A.C. ve Mihai, C.A. (2 Eylül 2021). Selection of several fig genotypes (Ficus carica L.) from the Romanian fig populations assessment. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1310: VI International Symposium on Fig. (ss.15-20). Rovinj. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2021.1310.3.
  • Stewart, Jr. CN (Edit.). (2008). Plant biotechnology and genetics: principles, techniques, and applications. A John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 374 s. ISBN: 978-1-118-82012-4.
  • Stover, E. ve Aradhya, M. (16 Mayıs 2005-2008). Fig genetic resources and research at the US National Clonal Germplasm repository in Davis, California, p. 57–68. III Inter. Symp. on Fig, (ss.57-68), Portugal. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.798.6
  • Sugiura, T., Kuroda, H. ve Sugiura, H. (2007). Influence of the current state of global warming on fruit tree growth in Japan. Hort. Res. 6, 257–263. https://doi.org/10.2503/HRJ.6.257
  • Tan, A. (2010). Türkiye bitki genetik kaynakları ve muhafazası, Anadolu, J of AARI. 20(1), 9-37. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/anadolu/issue/1760/21732
  • Taylan, H. (2017). Herbal temalı Batı Anadolu sikkeleri [Yüksek Lisans Tez,. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Arkeoloji Bölümü]
  • Thanopoulos, R., Chatzigeorgiou, T., Argyropoulou, K., Kostouros, NM. ve Bebeli, PJ. (2021). State of Crop Landraces in Arcadia (Greece) and in-situ Conservation Potential Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources. Diversity. 13(11), 558. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13110558
  • Trad, M., Gaaliche, B., Renard, C.M.G.C. ve Mars, M. (12 December 2012 a). Biodiversity and genetic resources of fig (Ficus carica L.) change from coastal to continental areas of Tunisia. Conference:.1st Congress of ATPBE. At: Douz, Tunisia.. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.1316.1609
  • Trad, M., Gaaliche, B., Renard, C.M.G.C. ve Mars, M. (2012b) Quality performance of 'smyrna' type figs grown under Mediterranean Conditions of Tunisia. Journal of Ormamental and Hort. Plants. 2(3),139-146. ISSN: 2251-6441
  • Trad, M., Gaaliche, B., Renard, C.M.G.C. ve Mars, M. (2013). Plant natural resources and fruit characteristics of fig (Ficus carica L.) change from coastal to continental areas of Tunisia. Journal of Agricultural Research and Development. 3(2), 022-025. ISSN: 2276-9897.
  • Tripathi, P. (2017). Principles, Strategies and practices of exploration, collection, characterization, evaluation and cataloging of plant genetic resources important fruit crops. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15781.60648.
  • UNESCO Birleşmiş Milletler Eğitim, Bilim ve Kültür Örgütü Türkiye Millî Komisyonu, (2022). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma 2030 Hedefleri İhtisas Komitesi. https://www.unesco.org.tr/Pages/108/219/S%C3%BCrd%C3%BCr%C3%BClebilir-Kalk%C4%B1nma-2030-Hedefleri-%C4%B0htisas-Komitesi (Erşim: Haziran 2022).
  • Uzun, S. ve Yarılgaç, T. (2021). Germencik (Aydın) İlçesi’nde yetiştirilen Sarılop incirlerinde (Ficus carica L.) klon seleksiyonu, International Journal of Agricultural and Wildlife Sciences. 7(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.747500.
  • Velicevici, G., Madosa, E., Malaescu, M., Cretescu, I. ve Gorinoiu, G. (29 June-5 July 2017). Studies on genetic variability of the species Ficus carica L. in Western Romania. Section Advances in Biotechnology Conference: 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference (ss.977-982). Bulgaria.
  • Vermeulen, S.J., Challinor, A.J., Thornton, P.K., Campbell, B.M., Eriyagama, N., Vervoort, J.M., Kinyangi, J., Jarvis, A., Läderach, P., Ramirez-Villegas, J., Nicklin, K.J., Hawkins, E. ve Smith, D.R. (2013). Addressing uncertainty in adaptation planning for agriculture. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.(PNAS) 110(21), 8357–8362. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1219441110.
  • Vivaldi, G.A., Quartararo, A., Camposeo, S., Belloni, P., Volo, P. ve Caruso, T. (31 August 2017). Genetic diversity of early ripening breba accessions (Ficus carica L.) found in the “Pomona” Apulian collection. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1173: V International Symposium on Fig. (ss.121-126). Italy. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2017.1173.21
  • Volis, S. (2016). How to conserve threatened Chinese plant species with extremely small populations? P. Diversity. 38,45–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2016.05.003.
  • Wang, L., Wang, C., Tian, Y. ve Jia, Y. (2007). Genetic diversity analysis of figs (Ficus carica L.) in shandong province by RAPD Technique. Department of Horticulture, Laiyang Agricultural College.
  • Zammouri, J. (1999). Inventaire des espèces et des varietes fruitières de la Vallée de Zammour. IRA Médenine, 13, Google scholar.
  • Zavodna, M., Arens, P., Van Dijk, P.J. ve Vosman, B. (2005). Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for two dioecious Ficus species. Mol. Ecol. Not. 5(2), 355–357. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.00924.x
  • Zhou, H., Liao, J., Xia, Y.-P. ve Teng, Y.-W.(2013). Morphological characteristics for classifying evergreen azalea (Ericaceae) cultivars in China using numerical taxonomy. Pak. J. Bot. 45(2),593–598.
Toplam 145 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Bahçe Bitkileri Yetiştirme ve Islahı
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Arzu Ayar 0000-0002-2080-209X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 10 Eylül 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Ayar, A. (2023). DİŞİ İNCİR (Ficus carica var. domestica) GENETİK ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNE YAPILAN ÇALIŞMALAR. Uluslararası Anadolu Ziraat Mühendisliği Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(3), 42-61.