ANALYSIS OF MARITIME BUSINESS MANAGEMENT IN THE PERSPECTIVES OF TECHNOLOGY, POLITICS AND ENVIRONMENT

Yıl 2024, , 88 - 111, 03.07.2024

Mithat Baştuğ , Muhammed Ali Yetgin

https://doi.org/10.52736/ubeyad.1389904

Öz

Maritime Management is the process of planning, organizing, managing, and controlling business activities in the maritime sector. This activity includes the operating procedures of ships, all kinds of marine vessels, ports, and all other marine facilities. Communication in maritime business is critical for the continuity and security of maritime operations. Using communication systems, maritime companies can communicate between ships, ports, and other maritime facilities. This communication is essential to manage the navigation of ships, coordinate port operations, and ensure maritime safety. Communication and communication networks in the marine sector are advancing rapidly with technological developments. This situation also carries the growth in cyber security in the marine business. Cyber security in maritime trade is critical to protecting the critical infrastructure of the marine industry. It includes the information technology systems and networks of maritime vessels, ports, and other maritime facilities. This study examines the effects of political, technological, and environmental factors on cyber technology innovations and developments in communication & communication networks in maritime activities. MSC, COSCO, and A.P. are examples. In this study, in which MOLLER-MAERSK companies were selected, the Content Analysis Method was used as the research method, and the findings were analyzed qualitatively by applying the PESTEL method. As a result of the research findings, it has been revealed that despite technological developments, the sector may face cyber threats, and investment planning should be continued more effectively. Conducting this study in a narrow context across different sectors or countries in maritime enterprises will strengthen the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Maritime Business Management, Logistics, Cyber Security, Global Trade, Technology

Denizcilik İşletmeciliği Yönetiminin Teknoloji, Politika ve Çevre Açısından Analizi

Öz

Denizcilik Yönetimi, denizcilik sektöründeki ticari faaliyetlerin planlanması, organize edilmesi, yönetilmesi ve kontrol edilmesi sürecidir. Bu faaliyet gemilerin, her türlü deniz aracının, limanların ve diğer tüm deniz tesislerinin işletim prosedürlerini kapsamaktadır. Denizcilik işletmelerinde iletişim, denizcilik operasyonlarının sürekliliği ve güvenliği açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Denizcilik şirketleri iletişim sistemlerini kullanarak gemiler, limanlar ve diğer denizcilik tesisleri arasında iletişim kurabilir. Bu iletişim, gemilerin navigasyonunu yönetmek, liman operasyonlarını koordine etmek ve deniz güvenliğini sağlamak için gereklidir. Denizcilik sektöründe iletişim ve iletişim ağları teknolojik gelişmelerle birlikte hızla ilerlemektedir. Bu durum denizcilik sektöründe siber güvenliğin de büyümesini beraberinde getiriyor. Deniz ticaretinde siber güvenlik, denizcilik sektörünün kritik altyapısının korunması açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Deniz araçlarının, limanların ve diğer denizcilik tesislerinin bilgi teknolojisi sistemlerini ve ağlarını içerir. Bu çalışma, denizcilik faaliyetlerinde iletişim ve iletişim ağlarındaki siber teknoloji yenilik ve gelişmelerine politik, teknolojik ve çevresel faktörlerin etkilerini incelemektedir. MSC, COSCO ve A.P. bunlara örnektir. MOLLER-MAERSK şirketlerinin seçildiği bu çalışmada araştırma yöntemi olarak İçerik Analizi Yöntemi kullanılmış olup, bulgular PESTEL yöntemi uygulanarak nitel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları sonucunda teknolojik gelişmelere rağmen sektörün siber tehditlerle karşı karşıya kalabileceği, yatırım planlamalarının daha etkin şekilde sürdürülmesi gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmanın denizcilik işletmelerinde farklı sektör veya ülkeler genelinde dar bir bağlamda yapılması literatürü güçlendirecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Denizcilik İşletmeciliği Yönetimi, Lojistik, Siber Güvenlik, Küresel Ticaret, Teknoloji

Kaynakça

• Ahmed, Z. (2024, 03, 30). 20 Largest Container Shipping Companies In The World In 2023. Marine Insight: https://www.marineinsight.com/know-more/10-largest-container-shipping-companies-in-the-world/, (Accessed: 23.04.2024).
• Alcaide, J, I. and Llave, R.G. (2020). Critical infrastructures cybersecurity and the maritime sector, Transportation Research Procedia, 45, 547-554.
• Algantürk Light, D. (2019). Siber Tehlikelerin Denizcilik Sektörüne Etkisi. Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi, 25(2), 1131-1137.
• Ba, C. (2023). The Revival of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue: Causes and Characteristics. Journal of Research in Social Science and Humanities, 2(3), 16-23.
• Baştuğ, M. (2022). Siber Güvenlik Açısından Asya Bölgesinin Güvenlik ve Çatışma Analizi. M. A. Yetgin (Ed.), Asya'da Güvenlik ve Çatışma Analizi Üzerine Stratejik Araştırmalar (pp. 47-73). Detay Yayıncılık.
• Bhaskar, U. C. (t.y). Is the 'Quad' Asia's new Nato? The National News: https://www.thenationalnews.com/opinion/comment/is-the-quad-asia-s-new-nato-1.1095957, (Accessed: 20.04.2024)
• Chang, C. H., Wenming, S., Wei, Z., Changki, P. and Kontovas, C. A. (2019, 10, 01). Evaluating cybersecurity risks in the maritime industry: a literature review. Proceedings of the International Association of Maritime Universities (IAMU) Conference, 79-85, 29 October 2019 - 01 November 2019, Tokyo.
• COSCO. (2020, 09, 01). Excellence of Ocean Quality. Cosco shipping: https://lines.coscoshipping.com/home/News/detail/15785398539646582317/50000000000000233?id=50000000000000233, (Accessed: 22.04.2024)
• COSCO. (2023, 11, 07). Differentiation and quality services have earned COSCO Shipping Lines numerous honors and awards. Cosco shipping: https://lines.coscoshipping.com/home/About/awards/honourAwards, (Accessed: 22.04.2024)
• Dalaklis, D., Katsoulis, G., Kitada, M., Shröder-Hinrichs, J. U., and Ölçer, A. (2020). "Net-Centric" conduct of navigation and ship management. Maritime Technology and Research, 2(2), 90-107.
• European Parliament. (2015, 05, 19). Regulatıon (Eu) 2015/757 Of The European Parlıament And The Councıl. Brussels: European Parliament. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32015R0757, (Accessed: 22.04.2024).
• European Parliament. (2020, 09, 10). Parliament to vote on reducing carbon emissions produced by the shipping industry. www.europarl.europa.eu: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/agenda/briefing/2020-09-14/8/parliament-to-vote-on-reducing-carbon-emissions-produced-by-shipping-industry, (Accessed: 22.04.2024).
• Fremont, A. (2007). Global Maritime Networks. The case of Maersk. Journal of Transport Geography, 15(6), 431-442.
• Germir, H. N. (2022). Denizyolu Taşımacılığının Önemi ve Sektöre Yönelik Kullandırılan Banka Kredileri: Türkiye Örneği. TASAM, 1-27.
• Goud, N. (t.y.) Cyber Attack on COSCO. Cybersecurity Insiders: https://www.cybersecurity-insiders.com/cyber-attack-on-cosco/, (Accessed: 23.04.2024).
• Gregoric, M. (2014). PESTEL Analysis of Tourism Destinations In The Perspective Of Business Tourism. Tourism and Hospitality Industry, CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS Trends in Tourism and Hospitality Industry. 551-564.
• Herjavec Group. (2019). 2019 Official Annual Cybercrime Report (Ed. S. Morgan), https://www.herjavecgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/CV-HG-2019-Official-Annual-Cybercrime-Report.pdf, (Accessed: 27.04.2024)
• Ichimura, Y., Dalaklis, D., Kitada, M., and Christodoulou, A. (2022). Shipping in the era of digitalization: Mapping the future strategic plans of major maritime commercial actors. Digital Business, 2(1), 1-10.
• IMO-MSC (2017). Maritime Cyber Risk Management in Safety Management Systems. MSC 98/23/Add.1. International Maritime Organization, (Accessed: 25.04.2024).
• Kapalidis, P. (2020). Cybersecurity at Sea. In L. Otto (Ed.), Global Challenges in Maritime Security: An Introduction. (pp.128-143). Auckland Park, South Africa: Springer.
• Katona, Z., and Sarvary, M. (2014). Maersk line: B2B social media—"It's communication, not marketing." California Management Review, 56(3), 142-156.
• Kosowska-Stamirowska, Z., Ducruet, C., and Rai, N. (2016). The evolving structure of the maritime trade network: evidence from the Lloyd's Shipping Index (1890–2000). Journal of Shipping and Trade, 1(10), 1-17.
• Koznowski, W. and Lebkowski, A. (2022). Unmanned Electric Tugboat Formation Multi-Agent Energy-Aware Control System Concept. Energies, 15(24), 1-23.
• Lloyd's. (2023). important people from our past. Lloyd's: https://www.lloyds.com/about-lloyds/history/important-people-from-our-past, (Accessed: 23.04.2024).
• Maersk. (2023). Cyber Security Policy v2.1 Public. file:///Users/mithatbastug/Downloads/cyber-security-policy_public.pdf, (Accessed: 25. 04. 2024).
• Maersk. (2024, 04, 04). Maersk names second vessel of its large methanol-enabled fleet “Astrid Maersk” in Yokohama, Japan. https://www.maersk.com/news/articles/2024/04/04/maersk-names-second-vessel-of-its-large-methanol-enabled-fleet-as-astrid-maersk-in-yokohama, (Accessed: 25. 04. 2024)
• Marine Environment Protection Committee. (2011). Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) – 62nd session. International Maritime Organization. https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/SecretaryGeneral/Pages/MEPC-62.aspx, (Accessed: 23.04.2024).
• Maritime Safety Committee. (2018, 12, 3-7). Maritime Safety Committee (MSC), 100th session. International Maritime Organization: https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/MeetingSummaries/Pages/MSC-100th-session.aspx, (Accessed: 23.04.2024).
• MSC. (2023, 11, 07). Enablıng Logıstıcs Decarbonısatıon. MSC: https://www.msc.com/en/sustainability/enabling-logistics-decarbonisation, (Accessed: 23.04.2024).
• Nguyen, T. T. (2016). An Investigation of the Vietnamese Shipping Industry and Policy Recommendations for Profound Participation in ASEAN Integration. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 32(2), 81-88.
• Özdemir, A. and Özgüner, M. (2018). Endüstri 4.0 Ve Lojistik Sektörüne Etkileri: Lojistik 4.0. İşletme ve İktisat Çalışmaları Dergisi, 6(4), 39-47.
• Parliament, E. (2020, Eylül 10). Parliament to vote on reducing carbon emissions produced by the shipping industry. European Parliament: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/agenda/briefing/2020-09-14/8/parliament-to-vote-on-reducing-carbon-emissions-produced-by-shipping-industry, (Accessed: 26.04.2024).
• Port Technology Internatıonal. (2019, 06, 28). Industry 4.0 Project to Launch Across European Ports. Port Technology Internatıonal: https://www.porttechnology.org/news/industry_4-0_project_to_launch_across_european_ports/, (Accessed: 26.04.2024).
• Punt, E., Monstadt, J., Frank, S., and Witte, P. (2023). Navigating cyber resilience in seaports: challenges of preparing for cyberattacks at the Port of Rotterdam. Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, 25(4), 420-438.
• Rehman, I. (2009). Keeping the Dragon at Bay: India's CounterContainment of China in Asia. Asian Security, 5(2), 114-143.
• Roblek, V., Mesko, M., and Krapez, A. (2016). A Complex View of Industry 4.0. SAGE Open, 6(2), 1-11.
• Sarkar, B. D., and Shankar, R. (2021). Understanding the barriers of port logistics for effective operation in the Industry 4.0 era: Data-driven decision making. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 1(2), 1-13.
• Shin, Y. J., Oh, J. S., Shin, S. H., and Jang, H. L. (2018). A Study on the Countermeasures of Shipping and Port Logistics Industry in Responding to the Progression of Fourth Industrial Revolution. Journal of Navigation and Port Research, 42(5), 347-356.
• The Maritime Executive. (2023, 01, 19). MSC Will Appeal FMC Default Decision Saying Claims are Without Merit. The Maritime Executive: https://maritime-executive.com/article/msc-will-appeal-fmc-default-decision-saying-claims-are-without-merit, (Accessed: 25.04.2024).
• Tongzon, J. and Lee, S. Y. (2015). Achieving an ASEAN single shipping market: shipping and logistics firms' perspective. Maritime Policy & Management, 18(32), 1-14.
• Üstündağ, N. İ. (2022, 04, 11). Siber saldırganların yeni hedefi: Limanlar. https://www.trthaber.com/haber/bilim-teknoloji/siber-saldirganlarin-yeni-hedefi-limanlar-671440.html, (Accessed: 25.04.2024).
• Weaver, G., Feddersen, B., Marla, L., Wei, D., Rose, A., and Moer, M. V. (2020). Estimating economic losses from cyber-attacks on shipping ports: An optimization-based approach. Transportation Research Part C, 1-28.
• Yorulmaz, M. and Karabulut, K. (2021). Deniz Taşımacılığında Akıllı Gemiler: Gemi Kaptanlarının Bakış Açısı. Ekonomi, İşletme ve Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 40-54.
• Zala, B. (2018). Taking the potential costs of the Quad seriously. Strategic & Defense Studies Centre, 19-22.
• Zheng, W., Abdel, E. M., Yang, C. and Jiayuan, T. (2018). Decarbonizing the international shipping industry: solutions and policy recommendations. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 126, 428-435.