Yaşam Döngüsü Analizi ve Döngüsel Ekonomi Yaklaşımları ile Sürdürülebilir Biyoatık Yönetimi

Öz

Birleşmiş Milletler, sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerine ulaşmak için atık yönetiminin çevresel, sosyal ve ekonomik göstergeleri dikkate alan, yaşam döngüsü analizi (life cycle analysis; LCA) ve döngüsel ekonomi (circular economy; CE) yaklaşımlarına göre planlanmasını önermektedir. LCA, atık yönetim alternatiflerinin olası çevresel etkilerini karşılaştırmak için kullanılabilir. Kentsel biyoatıkların miktarı ve biyolojik bozunabilirliği nedeniyle yönetimi özel önem taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle, bir çok çalışmada farklı biyoatık yönetim süreçlerinin potansiyel çevresel etkilerini değerlendirmek ve sürdürülebilir biyoatık yönetimine karar vermek için LCA yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bir atık yönetim sistemi, çevresel olduğu kadar ekonomik olarak da sürdürülebilir olmalıdır. Atık yönetim faaliyetlerinin ekonomik sürdürülebilirliği gelir/gider dengesinin sağlanmasını gerektirir. Biyoatık yönetim sistemlerinin en önemli gelir kaynağı, proses ürünlerinin pazarlanması ve çevresel teşviklerdir. CE yaklaşımı ise, ekonomik ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliği sağlayan madde döngüsünü esas alır. Bu çalışmada CE ve LCA kavramları değerlendirme kriterleri ile birlikte tanımlanmış ve daha önce yapılan çalışmalar ışında, biyoatık yönetiminde kullanılan dönüşüm süreçlerinin LCA ve CE yaklaşımlarına göre ekonomik ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliği ortaya konmuştur. Sonuç olarak, kentsel biyoatık yönetim planlamasında LCA ve CE yaklaşımlarının dikkate alınması doğal kaynakların korunmasına ve emisyonların azalmasına katkı sağlarken, aynı zamanda da madde döngüsünü doğaya dönüş ile kapatabilecek toprak iyileştirici değerli bir ürün veya karbon nötr bir proseste enerji elde edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kentsel biyoatık yönetimi
• yaşam döngüsü analizi
• döngüsel ekonomi

Sustainable Biowaste Management by Life Cycle Analysis and Circular Economy Approaches

Öz

The United Nations recommends that waste management should be planned according to life cycle analysis (LCA) and circular economy (CE) approaches that take into account environmental, social and economic indicators in order to achieve sustainable development goals. LCA can be used to compare the possible environmental impacts of waste management alternatives. Municipal biowaste management is of particular importance due to its quantity and biodegradability. For this reason, the LCA method has been used in many studies to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of some alternative biowaste management scenario and to decide on sustainable biowaste management. A waste management system must be sustainable economically as well as environmentally. Economic sustainability of an waste management system is evaluated by benefit/cost analysis. Mainly income sources of biowaste management systems are marketing of process products and environmental incentives, as emphasized in many studies. The circular economy (CE) approach targets the cycle of matter that provides economic and environmental sustainability. In this study, the concepts of CE and LCA and their evaluation criteria are explained. In light of previous studies, the economic and environmental feasibility of the conversion processes used in biowaste management have been reveal regarding to LCA and CE approaches. As a result, consideration LCA and CE in municipal biowaste management planning; It provides the preservation of natural resources, reduction of emissions. Furthermore, a profitability product providing back to earth can obtained or renewable energy in a carbon-neutral process can be produced.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biowaste management
• life cycle analysis
• circular economy

Kaynakça

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