İstanbul'da Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Kullanımı ve Gelecek Politikaları

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 98 - 108, 24.12.2025

Osman Çekerek

Öz

İstanbul, Türkiye'nin enerji tüketiminin yaklaşık %20'sini karşılayan ve ekonomik ağırlığı yüksek bir metropoldür. Fosil yakıtlara bağımlılık, artan nüfus ve sanayileşme nedeniyle sürdürülebilir enerji kaynaklarına geçiş kritik önem taşımaktadır. Coğrafi konumu, İstanbul'u güneş, rüzgar, biyokütle, jeotermal ve hidroelektrik gibi yenilenebilir kaynakların kullanımına yönlendirse de mevcut kapasite ihtiyacı karşılamaktan uzaktır.Güneş Enerjisi: Yıllık 2.600 saat güneşlenme süresine rağmen potansiyel sınırlıdır. Çatı tipi sistemler ve büyük santraller (İstanbul Havalimanı Santrali, yılda 65 milyon kWh) öne çıkan projelerdir. Rüzgar Enerjisi: Çatalca ve Silivri'deki santraller (50 MW kapasite) şehrin ihtiyacını destekler, ancak yoğun yapılaşma ve altyapı eksikliği yaygınlaşmayı engellemektedir. Biyokütle ve Atık Enerjisi: Günlük 6 milyon ton atık, İSTAÇ tesisleri gibi projelerle enerjiye dönüştürülerek hem çevresel hem ekonomik fayda sağlanmaktadır. Jeotermal ve Hidroelektrik: Sınırlı kaynaklara sahip İstanbul, çevresindeki barajlar (Terkos, Büyükçekmece) ve jeotermal ısıtma projeleriyle enerji çeşitliliğini artırmaktadır. İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi (İBB), Sürdürülebilir Enerji ve İklim Eylem Planı ile 2030’a kadar sera gazı emisyonlarını %40 azaltmayı, yenilenebilir enerji payını artırmayı hedeflemektedir. 2024-2028 İstanbul Bölge Planı, yeşil ekonomiye geçişi hızlandıracak 25 tedbir ve 12 proje öngörülmektedir. Ancak, finansman eksikliği, yetki dağılımındaki belirsizlikler ve teknolojik altyapı yetersizliği başlıca engeller olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Özetle, İstanbul’un enerji dönüşümü için kamu-özel iş birliği, merkezi politikaların yerelle uyumu ve vatandaş bireysel katılımı şarttır. Mevcut projelerin ölçeklendirilmesi, teşviklerin artırılması ve akıllı şehir uygulamalarıyla sürdürülebilir bir enerji geleceği mümkün görünmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İstanbul , yenilenebilir enerji , güneş enerjisi , stratejik plan , kamu , İBB

The Use of Renewable Energy Sources in Istanbul and Future Policy Directions

Öz

Istanbul, a metropolis with significant economic weight, accounts for approximately 20% of Turkey’s energy consumption. Due to its dependence on fossil fuels, growing population, and industrialization, transitioning to sustainable energy sources has become critically important. While its geographical location encourages the use of renewable resources such as solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, and hydropower, the current capacity remains insufficient to meet demand. Solar Energy: Despite an annual 2,600 hours of sunshine, solar potential remains underutilized. Rooftop systems and large-scale projects like the Istanbul Airport Solar Plant (generating 65 million kWh annually) are notable initiatives. Wind Energy: Wind farms in Çatalca and Silivri (50 MW capacity) support the city’s energy needs, but dense urbanization and inadequate infrastructure hinder widespread adoption.Biomass and Waste-to-Energy: Daily 6 million tons of waste are converted into energy through projects like İSTAÇ facilities, offering both environmental and economic benefits. Geothermal and Hydropower: Istanbul’s limited geothermal resources are supplemented by nearby dams (e.g., Terkos, Büyükçekmece) and geothermal heating projects to diversify its energy mix. The Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IBB) aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40% by 2030 and increase renewable energy adoption through its Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan. The 2024-2028 Istanbul Regional Plan outlines 25 measures and 12 projects to accelerate the transition to a green economy. However, challenges such as funding gaps, unclear authority distribution, and insufficient technological infrastructure remain major obstacles. In conclusion, Istanbul’s energy transformation requires public-private collaboration, alignment of central policies with local needs, and citizen engagement. Scaling existing projects, enhancing incentives, and integrating smart-city technologies could pave the way for a sustainable energy future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Istanbul , renewable energy , solar energy , strategic plan , public , IMM.

Kaynakça

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