Biyo-devulkanizasyon: Atık Lastik Yönetiminde Çevre Dostu Bir Yaklaşım

Öz

Hızlı sanayileşme ve özellikle otomotiv sektöründeki büyümeye paralel olarak artan atık kauçuk miktarları 21. yüzyılda atık yönetiminde karşılaşılan en önemli zorluklardan birini oluşturmaktadır. Atık kauçukların sahip oldukları bağ yapısı nedeniyle doğada kendiliğinden yok olma süreleri çok uzundur. Ayrıca hiçbir ön işleme tabi tutulmadan hammadde olarak yeniden kullanılabilmesi / geri kazanımı da mümkün değildir. Bu nedenle son yıllarda kauçuk atıklarının yeniden kullanımı/geri dönüşümü ile alakalı çalışmalar hız kazanmıştır. Tüm dünyada üretilen toplam kauçuğun yaklaşık olarak %70’inin lastik sektöründe kullanılıyor olması, yapılan çalışmaların atık lastikler üzerine yoğunlaşmasına yol açmıştır. Atık lastiklerin yeniden kullanımı/geri dönüşümü konusunda birçok yeni yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen bu yöntemler arasında biyo-devulkanizasyon düşük enerji gereksinimi, kauçuk ana zincirine zarar vermeden seçici olarak S bağlarının koparılması ve çevreye duyarlı bir uygulama olması ile göze çarpmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, atık lastiklerin yönetiminde uygulanan yöntemler, özellikle de devulkanizasyon yöntemi anlatılmış ve biyo-devulkanizasyon konusuna odaklanılarak bu alanda yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Biyo-devulkanizasyonda dikkat edilmesi gereken faktörler ve ortam koşulları sunulmuş, atık lastiklerin geri kazanımı için biyo-devulkanizasyon yönteminin potansiyeli değerlendirilmiştir. Biyo-devulkanizasyon konusunda literatürde çok fazla çalışma olmamakla birlikte mevcut çalışmaların sonuçları gelecek için umut verici görünmektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Geri kazanım,kauçuk,biyo-devulkanizasyon,biyo-desülfürizasyon

Bio-devulcanization: An Environmentally-Friendly Approach in Waste Tire Management

Öz

The increase in rubber waste production due to the rapid industrialization and especially the growth in automotive industry is one of the most important challenges in waste management of 21^th century. Because of their network structure, natural degradation of rubber wastes lasts too long. Besides, the reuse / recovery of waste rubber without any pre-treatment is impossible. Therefore, the number of the studies about the reuse/recycle of waste tires has accelerated in recent years. Studies focus on waste tire rubbers because 70% of the rubber produced in the world is being used in tire industry. Many new methods were developed for reuse/recycle of waste tire rubber. One of the methods developed is bio-devulcanization, which attracts attention because of its low energy requirement, selectively breakage of S bonds without main chain scission and being an environmentally friendly method. In this study, the methods used in the management of waste tire rubber, in particular, the devulcanization method were explained and, by focusing on bio-devulcanization method, the research studies on bio-devulcanization have been investigated. The factors to be considered and the operational conditions of bio-devulcanization are presented and the potential of bio-devulcanization for waste tire management is evaluated. Although the studies about bio-devulcanization in literature are limited, the results obtained are found to be promising.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Recovery,rubber,bio-devulcanization,bio-desulfurization

Kaynakça

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