Biyo-devulkanizasyon: Atık Lastik Yönetiminde Çevre Dostu Bir Yaklaşım

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 20 - 34, 02.01.2019

Tercan Çataklı Tuba Hande Ergüder

Öz

Hızlı sanayileşme
ve özellikle otomotiv sektöründeki büyümeye paralel olarak artan atık kauçuk
miktarları 21. yüzyılda atık yönetiminde karşılaşılan en önemli zorluklardan
birini oluşturmaktadır. Atık kauçukların sahip oldukları bağ yapısı nedeniyle
doğada kendiliğinden yok olma süreleri çok uzundur. Ayrıca hiçbir ön işleme
tabi tutulmadan hammadde olarak yeniden kullanılabilmesi / geri kazanımı da
mümkün değildir. Bu nedenle son yıllarda kauçuk atıklarının yeniden
kullanımı/geri dönüşümü ile alakalı çalışmalar hız kazanmıştır. Tüm dünyada
üretilen toplam kauçuğun yaklaşık olarak %70’inin lastik sektöründe kullanılıyor
olması, yapılan çalışmaların atık lastikler üzerine yoğunlaşmasına yol
açmıştır. Atık lastiklerin yeniden kullanımı/geri dönüşümü konusunda birçok
yeni yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen bu yöntemler arasında
biyo-devulkanizasyon düşük enerji gereksinimi, kauçuk ana zincirine zarar
vermeden seçici olarak S bağlarının koparılması ve çevreye duyarlı bir uygulama
olması ile göze çarpmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, atık
lastiklerin yönetiminde uygulanan yöntemler, özellikle de devulkanizasyon
yöntemi anlatılmış ve biyo-devulkanizasyon konusuna odaklanılarak bu alanda yapılan
çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Biyo-devulkanizasyonda dikkat edilmesi gereken
faktörler ve ortam koşulları sunulmuş, atık lastiklerin geri kazanımı için
biyo-devulkanizasyon yönteminin potansiyeli değerlendirilmiştir. Biyo-devulkanizasyon
konusunda literatürde çok fazla çalışma olmamakla birlikte mevcut
çalışmaların sonuçları gelecek için umut verici görünmektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Geri kazanım, kauçuk, biyo-devulkanizasyon, biyo-desülfürizasyon

Bio-devulcanization: An Environmentally-Friendly Approach in Waste Tire Management

Öz

The increase in rubber waste production due to the rapid
industrialization and especially the growth in automotive industry is one of
the most important challenges in waste management of 21^th century.
Because of their network structure, natural degradation of rubber wastes lasts
too long. Besides, the reuse / recovery of waste rubber without any
pre-treatment is impossible. Therefore, the number of the studies about the reuse/recycle
of waste tires has accelerated in recent years. Studies focus on waste tire
rubbers because 70% of the rubber produced in the world is being used in tire
industry. Many new methods were developed for reuse/recycle of waste tire
rubber. One of the methods developed is bio-devulcanization, which attracts
attention because of its low energy requirement, selectively breakage of S
bonds without main chain scission and being an environmentally friendly method.
In this study, the methods used in the management of waste tire rubber, in
particular, the devulcanization method were explained and, by focusing on
bio-devulcanization method, the research studies on bio-devulcanization have
been investigated. The factors to be considered and the operational conditions of
bio-devulcanization are presented and the potential of bio-devulcanization for
waste tire management is evaluated. Although the studies about
bio-devulcanization in literature are limited, the results obtained are found
to be promising.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Recovery, rubber, bio-devulcanization, bio-desulfurization

Kaynakça

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