LAISSEZ-FAIRE LEADERSHIP: A MAP OF THE FIELD AND A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS / Laıssez-Faıre Liderlik: Alanın Bir Haritası Ve Bibliyometrik Bir Analiz

Öz

Research on laissez-faire leadership is not yet sufficient. In this study, 58 articles that were published in the WoS database between 1990-2021 and whose titles included the words laissez-faire leadership, passive leadership or avoidant leadership were included in the analysis. In this study, the development of the field over the years has been mapped by identifying the most important publications, journals, authors and countries in the field. Then co-occurrence of keywords analysis and bibliographic coupling analyzes were applied. The results showed that the most articles were published in 2021, the most productive journals were Work And Stress and Frontiers in Psychology, the most productive author was Skogstad, A., the most productive country was the USA. According to the bibliometric analysis results, the most frequently used keywords are laissez-faire leadership, passive leadership, leadership, transformational leadership, transactional leadership, laissez-faire, safety climate, passive avoidant leadership and workplace bullying. The author with the highest bibliographic coupling strength is Skogstad, A., the journal Work and Stress, and the country is USA. The results can provide researchers with a strong basis to develop understanding of the current direction in the field and identify new trends.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Laissez-Faire Leadership
• Passive Leadership
• Bibliometric Analysis
• Bibliographic Coupling
• Co-Occurence Analysis

LAISSEZ-FAIRE LİDERLİK: ALANIN BİR HARİTASI VE BİBLİYOMETRİK BİR ANALİZ / Laissez-Faire Leadership: A Map Of The Field And A Bibliometric Analysis

Öz

Laissez-faire liderlik üzerine araştırmalar henüz yeterli düzeyde değildir. Bu çalışmada, 1990-2021 yılları arasında WoS veri tabanında yayınlanan ve başlığında laissez-faire liderlik, pasif liderlik veya kaçınmacı liderlik kelimeleri yer alan 58 makale analizlere dahil edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, alanın yıllar içindeki gelişimi, alandaki en önemli yayınlar, dergiler, yazarlar ve ülkeler belirlenerek haritalandırılmıştır. Ardından, ortak anahtar kelime analizi ve bibliyografik eşleşme analizleri uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar en fazla makalenin 2021 yılında yayınlandığını, en üretken dergilerin Work And Stress ve Frontiers in Psychology, en üretken yazarın Skogstad, A., en üretken ülkenin ise ABD olduğunu göstermiştir. Bibliyometrik analiz sonuçlarına göre, en yoğun kullanılan anahtar kelimeler; laissez-faire liderlik, pasif liderlik, liderlik, dönüşümcü liderlik, etkileşimci liderlik, laissez-faire, güvenlik iklimi, pasif kaçınmacı liderlik ve işyeri zorbalığıdır. Bibliyografik eşleşme gücü en yüksek olan yazar, Skogstad, A.; dergi, Work and Stress; ülke ise ABD’dir. Sonuçlar, araştırmacılara alandaki mevcut yönelime ilişkin anlayışı geliştirmeleri ve yeni trendleri tespit etmeleri için güçlü bir temel sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Laissez-faire Liderlik
• Pasif Liderlik
• Bibliyometrik Analiz
• Bibliyografik Eşleşme
• Ortak Varlık Analizi

Kaynakça

1. Aasland, M. S., Skogstad, A., Notelaers, G., Nielsen, M. B. and Einarsen, S. (2010). The Prevalence of Destructive Leadership Behaviour. British Journal of management, 21, 438-452.
2. Aboshaiqah, A. E., Hamdan-Mansour, A. M., Sherrod, D. R., Alkhaibary, A. and Alkhaibary, S. (2014). Nurses’ Perception of Managers’ Leadership Styles and Its Associated Outcomes. American Journal of Nursing Research, 2(4), 57-62.
3. Afshari, L. and Gibson, P. (2016). How to Increase Organizational Commitment through Transactional Leadership. Leadership ve Organization Development Journal, 37(4), 507-519.
4. Ågotnes, K. W., Einarsen, S. V., Hetland, J. and Skogstad, A. (2018). The Moderating Effect of Laissez‐Faire Leadership on The Relationship Between Co‐Worker Conflicts and New Cases of Workplace Bullying: A True Prospective Design. Human Resource Management Journal, 28, 555-568.
5. Akyıldız, S. ve Yılmaz, K. G. (2020). Sosyal Medya Konulu Araştırmaların Bilim Haritalama Tekniği ile Bibliyometrik Analizi. OPUS–Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(28), 1416-1451.
6. Al-Malki, M. and Juan, W. (2018). Impact of Laissez-Faire Leadership on Role Ambiguity and Role Conflict: Implications for Job Performance. International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development, 4(1), 29-43.
7. Amini, M. Y., Mulavizada, S., and Nikzad, H. (2019). The Impact of Autocratic, Democratic and Laissez-Faire Leadership Style on Employee Motivation and Commitment: A Case Study of Afghan Wireless Communication Company (Awcc). IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 21(6), 45-50.
8. Backaus, K., Lügger, K. and Koch, M. (2011). The Structure and Evolution of Business-to-Business Marketing: A Citation and Co-Citation Analysis. Industrial Marketing Management, 40, 940-951.

9. Barbuto, J. E. (2005). Motivation and Transactional, Charismatic and Transformational Leadership: A Test of Antecedents. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 11(4), 26-40.
10. Barling, J., and Frone M. R. (2017). If Only my Leader Would just Do Something! Passive Leadership Undermines Employee Well-being Through Role Stressors and Psychological Resource Depletion. Stress Health, 33(3), 211-222.
11. Barling, J., Weber, T. and Kelloway, E. K. (1996). Effects of Transformational Leadership Training on Attitudinal and Financial Outcomes: A Field Experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 827–832.
12. Basit, A., Sebastian, V. and Hassan, Z. (2017). Impact of Leadership Style on Employee Performance (A Case Study on a Private Organization in Malaysia). International Journal of Accounting ve Business Management, 5(2), 112-130.
13. Bass, B. M. (1999). Two Decades of Research and Development in Transformational Leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 9-32.
14. Bass, B. M., Avolio, B. J., Jung, D. I. and Berson, Y. (2003). Predicting Unit Performance by Assessing Transformational and Transactional Leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), 207–218.
15. Biancone, P. P., Saiti, B., Petricean, D. and Chmet, F. (2020). The Bibliometric Analysis of Islamic Banking and Finance. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 11(10), 2069-2086.
16. Block, J., Fisch, C. and Rehan, F. (2020). Religion and Entrepreneurship: A Map of The Field and a Bibliometric Analysis. Management Review Quarterly, 70, 591–627.
17. Bornmann, L., Haunschild, R. and Hug, S. E. (2018). Visualizing the Context of Citations Referencing Papers Published by Eugene Garfield: A New Type of Keyword Co-Occurrence Analysis. Scientometrics, 114, 427-437.
18. Broström, A. and Karlsson, S. (2017) Mapping Research on R&D, Innovation and Productivity: A Study of an Academic Endeavour. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 26(1-2), 6-20.
19. Buch, R., Martinsen, Ø. L. and Kuvaas, B. (2015). The Destructiveness of Laissez-Faire Leadership Behavior: The Mediating Role of Economic Leader–Member Exchange Relationships. Journal of Leadership ve Organizational Studies, 22(1), 115-124.
20. Bučiūnienė, I. and Škudienė, V. (2008). Impact of Leadership Styles on Employees’ Organizational Commitment in Lithuanian Manufacturing Companies. South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 3(2), 57-66.
21. Chandra, Y. (2018). Mapping the Evolution of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research (1990-2013): A Scientometric Analysis. PLoS ONE, 13(1), 1-24.
22. Chang, Y. W., Huang, M. H. and Lin, C. W. (2015). Evolution of Research Subjects in Library and İnformation Science Based on Keyword, Bibliographical Coupling, And Co-Citation Analyses. Scientometrics, 105, 2071-2087.
23. Chaudhry, A.Q. and Javed, H. (2012). Impact of Transactional and Laissez Faire Leadership Style on Motivation. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(7), 258-264.
24. Deluga, R. J. (1990). The Effects of Transformational, Transactional and Laissez Faire Leadership Characteristics on Subordinate Influencing Behavior. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 11(2), 191-203.
25. Donkor, F. and Zhou, D. (2020). Organisational Commitment Influences on the Relationship between Transactional and Laissez-Faire Leadership Styles and Employee Performance in The Ghanaian Public Service Environment. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 30(1), 30-36.
26. Donthu, N., Kumar, S. and Pattnaik, D. (2020). Forty-Five Years of Journal of Business Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109, 1-14.
27. Dumdum, U. R., Lowe, K. B. and Avolio, B. J. (2013). A Meta-Analysis of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Correlates of Effectiveness and Satisfaction: An Update and Extension. Transformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition (Monographs in Leadership and Management, 5, (S. 39-70), Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
28. Eagly, A. H., Johannesen-Schmidt, M. C. and Van Engen, M. L. (2003). Transformational, Transactional and Laissez-Faire Leadership Styles: A Meta-Analysis Comparing Women and Men. Psychological Bulletin, 129(4), 569-591.
29. Ekmekci, O. T., Camgoz, S. M., Guney, S. and Oktem, M. K. (2021). The Mediating Effect of Perceived Stress on Transformational and Passive-Avoidant, Leadership-Commitment Linkages. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 10(4), 348-366.
30. Ferreira, F. A. F. (2018). Mapping The Feld of Arts-Based Management: Bibliographic Coupling and Co-Citation Analyses. Journal of Business Research, 85, 348–357.
31. Furtner, M. R., Baldegger, U. and Rauthmann, J. F. (2013). Leading Yourself and Leading Others: Linking Self-Leadership to Transformational, Transactional and Laissez-Faire Leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(4), 436-444.
32. Gao, Y., Ge, L. Shi, S., Sun, Y., Liu, M., Wang, B., Shang, Y., Wu, J. and Tian, J. (2019). Global Trends and Future Prospects of e-Waste Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(17), 17809–17820.
33. García-Lillo, F., Úbeda-García, M. and Marco-Lajara, B. (2017). The Intellectual Structure of Human Resource Management Research: A Bibliometric Study of The International Journal of Human Resource Management. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(13), 1786-1815.
34. Gopal, R. and Chowdhury, R. G. (2014). Leadership Styles and Employee Motivation: An Empirical Investigation in a Leading Oil Company in India. International Journal of Research in Business Management, 2(5), 1-10.
35. Gumusluoglu, L. and Ilsev, A. (2009). Transformational Leadership, Creativity and Organizational Innovation. Journal of Business Research, 62(4), 461-473.
36. Gundolf, K. and Filser, M. (2013). Management Research and Religion: A Citation Analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 112, 177-185.
37. Guo, Y., Hao, Z., Zhao, S., Gong, J. and Yang, F. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(7), e18228.
38. Gülmez, D., Özteke, İ. and Gümüş, S. (2020). Uluslararası Dergilerde Yayımlanan Türkiye Kaynaklı Eğitim Araştırmalarının Genel Görünümü: Bibliyometrik Analiz. Eğitim ve Bilim, 46(206), 213-239.
39. Harold, C. M. and Holtz, B. C. (2015). The Effects of Passive Leadership on Workplace Incivility. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(1), 16-38.
40. Hinkin, T. R. and Schriesheim, C. A. (2008). An Examination of “Nonleadership": From Laissez-Faire Leadership to Leader Reward Omission and Punishment Omission. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1234-1248.
41. Hota, P. K., Subramanian, B. and Narayanamurthy, G. (2020). Mapping the Intellectual Structure of Social Entrepreneurship Research: A Citation/Co-Citation Analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 166, 89–114.
42. Iqbal, Z. A., Abid, G., Arshad, M., Ashfaq, F., Athar, M. A. and Hassan, Q. (2021). Impact of Authoritative and Laissez-Faire Leadership on Thriving at Work: The Moderating Role of Conscientiousness. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 11, 667–685.
43. Jaafar, S. B., Zambi, N. M. and Fathil, N. F. (2021). Leadership Style: Is it Autocratic, Democratic or Laissez-Faire?. ASEAN Journal of Management and Business Studies, 3(1), 1-7.
44. Jdetawy, L. F. A. (2018). The Prominent Leadership Style/s Adopted by Jordanian Firms Managers: A Case Study of the Jordanian Private Firms. International Journal of Development Research, 8(11), 24343-24367.
45. Jiang, L. and Probst, T. M. (2016). Transformational and Passive Leadership as Cross-Level Moderators of The Relationships Between Safety Knowledge, Safety Motivation, And Safety Participation. Journal of Safety Research, 57, 27-32.
46. Jones, D. and Rudd, R. (2008). Transactional, Transformational or Laissez-Faire Leadership: An Assessment of College of Agriculture Academic Program Leaders’ (Deans) Leadership Styles. Journal of Agricultural Education, 49(2), 88-97.
47. Jony, M. T. I., Alam, J., Amin, M. R. and Alam, J. (2019). The Impact of Autocratic, Democratic and Laissez-Faire Leadership Styles on The Success of The Organization: A Study on The Different Popular Restaurants of Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Canadian Journal of Business and Information Studies, 1(6), 28-38.
48. Judge, T. A. and Piccolo, R. F. (2004). Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Meta-Analytic Test of Their Relative Validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755-768.
49. Kasavan, S., Yusoff, S., Guan, N. C., Zaman, N. S. K. and Fakri, M. F. R. (2021). Global Trends of Textile Waste Research from 2005 to 2020 Using Bibliometric Analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(33), 44780-44794.
50. Kelloway, E. K., Mullen, J. and Francis, L. (2006). Divergent Effects of Transformational and Passive Leadership on Employee Safety. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(1), 76-86.
51. Khan, M. S., Khan, I., Qureshi, Q. A., Ismail, H. M., Rauf, H., Latif, A. and Tahir, M. (2015). The Styles of Leadership: A Critical Review. Public Policy and Administration Research, 5(3), 87-92.
52. Khan, M.J., Aslam, N. and Riaz, M.N. (2012). Leadership Styles as Predictors of Innovative Work Behavior. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 10(1), 17-22.
53. Kraus, S., Filser, M., Eggers, F., Hills, G. E. and Hultman, C. M. (2012). The Entrepreneurial Marketing Domain: A Citation and Co-Citation Analysis. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 14(1), 6-26.
54. Kurutkan, M. N. ve Orhan, F. (2018). Sağlık Politikası Konusunun Bilim Haritalama (Science Mapping) Teknikleri ile Analizi. Iksad Publishing House.
55. Lundmark, R., Richter, A. and Tafvelin, S. (2021). Consequences of Managers’ Laissez-Faire Leadership during Organizational Restructuring. Journal of Change Management: Reframing Leadership and Organizational Practıice, 22(1), 40-58.
56. Ma, R. (2012). Author Bibliographic Coupling Analysis: A Test based on a Chinese Academic Database. Journal of Informetrics, 6, 532-542.
57. Maseda A., Iturralde, T., Cooper, S. and Aparicio, G. (2021). Mapping Women’s Involvement in Family Firms: A Review based on Bibliographic Coupling Analysis. International Journal of Management Reviews, 24, 279-305.
58. Mihai, L., Schiopoiu, A. B. and Mihai, M. (2017). Comparison of The Leadership Styles Practiced by Romanian and Dutch SME Owners. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 6, 4-16.
59. Most, F., Conejo, F. J. and Cunningham, L. F. (2018). Bridging Past and Present Entrepreneurial Marketing Research: A Co-Citation and Bibliographic Coupling Analysis. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 20(2), 229-251.
60. Öztekin, A. (1996). Yönetim ve Liderlik. bilig-1, Bahar’96, 183-194.
61. Öztürk, M. ve Gök, S.G. (2020). Örgütsel Dedikodu Kavramına Genel Bir Bakış: Bibliyometrik Analizi ile Kavramsal Çerçeveden Gelecek Araştırma Yönelimlerine. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(2), 1668-1683.
62. Robert, V. and Vandenberghe, C. (2021). Laissez-Faire Leadership and Affective Commitment: The Roles of Leader-Member Exchange and Subordinate Relational Self-Concept. Journal of Business and Psychology, 36, 533-551.
63. Silva, S. and Mendis, B. A. K. M. (2017). Relationship between Transformational, Transaction and Laissez-Faire Leadership Styles and Employee Commitment. European Journal of Business and Management, 9(7), 13-21.
64. Sitthiwarongchai, C., Wichayanuparp, W., Chantakit, P. and Charoenboon, P. (2020). Impact of Organization’s Leadership Style on Motivation of Its Employees. Sys Rev Pharm, 11(3), 48-56.
65. Skogstad, A., Einarsen, S., Torsheim, T., Aasland, M. S. and Hetland, H. (2007). The Destructiveness of Laissez-Faire Leadership Behavior. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(1), 80-92.
66. Smith, T.D., Franklin, E. and DeJoy, D.M. (2016). Safety-Specific Transformational and Passive Leadership Influences on Firefighter Safety Climate Perceptions and Safety Behavior Outcomes. Safety Science, 86, 92–97.
67. Tarsik, N. F., Kassim, N. A. and Nasharudin, N. (2014). Transformational, Transactional or Laissez-Faire: What Styles do University Librarians Practice?, Journal of Organizational Management Studies, 2014, 1-10.
68. Taslak, S. (2008). Göreve İlişkin Çatışmalarda Etkileşimci ve Dönüşümcü Liderlik Üzerine Etiksel Bir Değerlendirme. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 31, 121-144.
69. Tosunoglu, H. and Ekmekci, O. (2016). Laissez-Faire Leaders and Organizations: How does Laissez-Faire Leader Erode The Trust in Organizations?. Journal of Economics Finance and Accounting, 3(1), 89-99.
70. Ukaidi, C. U. A. (2016). The Influence of Leadership Styles on Organizational Performance in Nigeria. Global Journal of Human Resource Management, 4(4), 25-34.
71. Ulukök, E. ve Merdan, E. (2022). Tam Serbesti Tanıyan Liderliğin Kişilerarası Çatışma ve İşe Yabancılaşma Üzerindeki Etkisi: Rol Belirsizliğinin Aracı Rolü. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 24(42), 527-545.
72. Usman, M., Ali, M., Yousaf, Z., Anwar, F., Waqas, M. and Khan, M.A.S. (2020). The Relationship between Laissez‐Faire Leadership and Burnout: Mediation through Work Alienation and The Moderating Role of Political Skill. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 37, 423-434.
73. Uymaz, A. O. (2020). Yöneticilerin Demokratik, Otokratik ve Serbesiyetçi Liderlik Tarzlarının Sonucu Olarak Çalışanların Örgüt Yararına Ahlaki Olmayan Davranışları: Türk Turizm Sektörü Üzerine Bir Çalışma. İş Ahlakı Dergisi, 13(2), 103-145.
74. Van Eck, N. J. and Waltman, L. (2010). Software Survey: Vosviewer, A Computer Program for Bibliometric Mapping. Scientometrics, 84, 523–538.
75. Wong, S. I. and Giessner, S. R. (2018). The Thin Line between Empowering and Laissez-Faire Leadership: An Expectancy-Match Perspective. Journal of Management, 44(2), 757-783.
76. Zareen, M., Razzaq, K. and Mujtaba, B. G. (2015). Impact of Transactional, Transformational and Laissez-Faire Leadership Styles on Motivation: A Quantitative Study of Banking Employees in Pakistan. Public Organization Review, 15, 531-549.
77. Zhao, D. and Strotmann, A. (2008). Evolution of Research Activities and Intellectual Influences in Information Science 1996-2005: Introducing Author Bibliographic-Coupling Analysis. Journal of American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59(13), 2070-2086.