The Impact of Globalization On Energy Imports

Abstract

Energy is an indispensable source for the sustainable economic growth. While some countries are fortunate in terms of energy reserves, others are dependent on energy imports. Globalization may result in a shift in energy imports as a result of the growing international trade. In this study, the role of globalization on energy import is analyzed using panel data analysis for the period of 1991-2014 and 69 countries grouped according to the degree of dependency on energy and the level of development. The analysis results show that the impact of globalization on energy imports is limited in developed countries with minimal energy import dependence. These countries largely meet their energy requirements through local and renewable energy sources, focusing on the use of alternative energy sources such as wind and solar energy. On the other hand, in developed countries with high energy dependence, globalization contributes to an increase in energy imports. Regarding developing countries, the impact of globalization on energy imports is not significant. These countries mainly meet their energy requirements through local sources and their energy demands remain relatively low.

Keywords

• Globalization
• Energy Import
• Fixed Effects with Robust Standard Errors
• Fixed Effects with Driscoll-Kraay Standard Errors

Küreselleşmenin Enerji İthalatı Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Enerji sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyüme için vazgeçilmez bir kaynaktır. Bazı ülkeler enerji rezervleri açısından şanslıyken diğerleri enerji ithalatına bağımlıdır. Küreselleşme ile birlikte artan uluslararası ticaret faaliyetleri enerji ithalatında değişimlere neden olabilir. Çalışmada küreselleşmenin enerji ithalatı üzerindeki rolü, enerjiye olan bağımlılık derecesine ve gelişmişlik düzeyine göre sınıflandırılmış 69 ülkede 1991-2014 dönemi için panel veri yöntemleriyle analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, gelişmiş ve enerji ithalatına minimal bağımlılık gösteren ülkelerde, küreselleşmenin enerji ithalatı üzerindeki etkisinin sınırlı kaldığını göstermektedir. Bu ülkeler enerji gereksinimlerini büyük oranda yerel ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları aracılığıyla temin etmektedirler, bu bağlamda rüzgar ve güneş enerjisi gibi alternatif enerji kaynaklarının kullanımına yönelmektedirler. Öte yandan, enerji bağımlılığı yüksek olan gelişmiş ülkelerde, küreselleşme enerji ithalatının artmasına katkıda bulunmaktadır. Gelişmekte olan ülkeler söz konusu olduğunda, küreselleşmenin enerji ithalatı üzerindeki etkisi belirgin değildir. Bu ülkeler enerji gereksinimlerini daha ziyade yerel kaynaklar üzerinden karşılamakta ve enerji talepleri nispeten daha düşük düzeylerde seyretmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Küreselleşme
• Enerji İthalatı
• Dirençli Standart Hatalı Sabit Etkiler Yöntemi
• Driscoll-Kraay Sabit Etkiler Yöntemi

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