Ekonomik Güvenlik Politikalarında Yeni Trendler: ABD, Avrupa Birliği ve Japonya

Öz

Bu çalışmada küresel ekonominin başat aktörleri olarak ABD, Avrupa Birliği (AB) ve Japonya’nın ekonomik güvenliğe ilişkin strateji ve politikaları incelenmektedir. İncelemeye konu olan ülkelerin kritik hammaddelere ve minerallere bağımlılık, enerji arz güvenliği, tedarik zincirlerinin sürekliliği, ileri teknoloji ürünlerinin güvenliğinin sağlanması gibi faktörler açısından durumları ekonomik güvenlik boyutuyla değerlendirilmektedir. ABD’de ekonomik güvenlik ulusal güvenliğin ayrılmaz bir parçası olarak görülmektedir. Bu bakış açısı ekonomi politikalarının biçimlenmesinde etkili olmaktadır. AB’de ekonomik güvenlik, artan ekonomik/finansal ve jeopolitik gerilimler karşısında ortak hareket etme gündemiyle ele alınmış ve Haziran 2023'te Ekonomik Güvenlik Stratejisi kabul edilmiştir. Japonya’da ise enerji ve hammadde tedariki, gıda ve emtia fiyatlarındaki değişiklikler gibi faktörler bu konudaki öncelikleri belirlemektedir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, ele alınan ülkelerin ekonomik güvenlik politikalarını ve stratejilerini haklı gösterecek bir takım sorunlarla yüz yüze oldukları görülmektedir. Her üç ülkenin de, kritik mineraller, tedarik zincirlerinin sürekliliği ve kritik teknolojilerin korunması konularında kendilerini yetersiz gördükleri; AB ve Japonya’nın bunlara ilaveten petrol ve doğal gaz tedarikinde önemli ölçüde dışa bağımlı oldukları anlaşılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : Ekonomik güvenlik
• ABD
• Avrupa Birliği
• Japonya

New Trends in Economic Security Policies: USA, European Union and Japan

Abstract

This study examines the strategies and policies of the leading actors of the global economy, the United States, the European Union (EU), and Japan, regarding economic security. The situation of the countries under review in terms of factors such as dependence on critical raw materials and minerals, security of energy supply, continuity of supply chains, and ensuring the security of high-tech products has been evaluated in terms of economic security. In the United States, economic security is seen as an integral part of national security, and this perspective is effective in shaping economic policies. In the EU, economic security has been addressed with the agenda of joint action against increasing economic/financial and geopolitical tensions, and the Economic Security Strategy was adopted in June 2023. In Japan, factors such as energy and raw material supply, changes in food and commodity prices determine the priorities in this regard. According to the conclusion reached in the study, it is seen that the countries under review face a number of problems that will justify their economic security policies and strategies. It is understood that all three countries see themselves as inadequate in terms of critical minerals, continuity of supply chains and protection of critical technologies; in addition to these, the EU and Japan are significantly dependent on other countries for oil and natural gas supplies.

Keywords

• Economic security
• USA
• European Union
• Japan

Kaynakça

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