Yapay Zekâ ve Liderlik: Dönüştürücü Liderlik Tarzının Çalışan Tutumlarına Etkisi

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı banka çalışanlarının yapay zekâ genel tutumları ile dönüştürücü liderlik tarzı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Çalışmada Erzurum ilinde kamu ve özel bankalarda çalışan ve yapay zekâyı aktif kullanan 295 kişinin katıldığı anket verileri analiz edilmiştir. Veriler, tanımlayıcı istatistikler, t-testleri, ANOVA, korelasyon, regresyon, açımlayıcı faktör analizi ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, dönüştürücü liderlik ile yapay zekâya yönelik pozitif tutum arasında anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişki bulunduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bunun yanı sıra, dönüştürücü liderlik tarzının yapay zekâya yönelik negatif tutum üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, bankacılık sektöründeki liderlerin, dönüştürücü liderlik tarzını benimseyerek, teknolojik değişimlere uyum sağlama konusunda nasıl daha etkili olabileceklerini göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu açıdan, çalışmanın sektöre özgü bir bakış açısı ve politika yapıcılarına tavsiye niteliğinde önemli öneriler sunduğu ve mevcut literatüre önemli bir katkı sağladığı söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapay Zekâ (AI)
• Yapay Zekâ Genel Tutumu
• Dönüştürücü Liderlik
• Çalışan tutumları

Artificial Intelligence and Leadership: The Effect of Transformational Leadership Style on Employee Attitudes

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the general attitudes of bank employees towards artificial intelligence and the transformational leadership style. In the study, the survey data of 295 people working in public and private banks in Erzurum province and actively using artificial intelligence were analyzed. The data were evaluated with descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, correlation, regression, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The findings showed that the transformational leadership style strengthened the positive attitude towards artificial intelligence and was not related to the negative attitude towards artificial intelligence. This study aims to show how leaders in the banking sector can be more effective in adapting to technological changes by adopting the transformational leadership style. In this respect, it can be said that the study offers a sector-specific perspective and important suggestions as recommendations for policy makers and makes a significant contribution to the existing literature.

Keywords

• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• General Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence
• Transformational Leadership
• Employee Attitudes

Kaynakça

1. Abositta, A., Adedokun, M. W., ve Berberoğlu, A. (2024). Influence of Artificial Intelligence on Engineering Management Decision-Making with Mediating Role of Transformational Leadership. Systems, 12(12), 570. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12120570
2. Agrawal, A., Gans, J., ve Goldfarb, A. (2018). Prediction, Judgment, and Complexity: A Theory of Decision-Making and Artificial Intelligence. In The Aconomics of Artificial Intelligence: An Agenda (pp. 89–110). University of Chicago Press.
3. Alegbeleye, I. D., ve Kaufman, E. K. (2020). Relationship Between Middle Managers’ Transformational Leadership and Effective Followership Behaviors in Organizations. Journal of Leadership Studies, 13(4), 6–19.
4. Avolio, B. J., ve Yammarino, F. J. (2013). Reflections, closing thoughts, and future directions. In Transformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition (Vol. 5, pp. 449–470). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
5. Bandi, A., Adapa, P. V. S. R., ve Kuchi, Y. E. V. P. K. (2023). The power of generative ai: A review of requirements, models, input–output formats, evaluation metrics, and challenges. Future Internet, 15(8), 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15080260
6. Bass, B. M., ve Avolio, B. J. (1990). Transformational Leadership Development: Manual for the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Consulting Psychologists Press.
7. Bass, B. M., ve Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational Leadership. In Lawrence Elabaum Associating (2nd Editio). New York: Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410617095
8. Brynjolfsson, E., ve Mcafee, A. (2017). Artificial Intelligence, For Real. Harvard Business Review, 1, 1–31. Carless, S. A., Wearing, A. J., ve Mann, L. (2000). A Short Measure of Transformational Leadership. Journal of Business and Psychology, 14, 389–405.

9. Dionne, S. D., Yammarino, F. J., Atwater, L. E., ve Spangler, W. D. (2004). Transformational Leadership and Team Performance. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17(2), 177–193. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810410530601
10. Eskandari, M. (2014). Analysis and Criticism on Transformational Leadership. Journal of School Administration, 10(2), 118–146.
11. Frey, C. B., ve Osborne, M. A. (2017). The Future of Employment: How Susceptible are Jobs to Computerisation? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, 254–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019
12. Gallon, D., Jentzen, A., ve von Wurstemberger, P. (2024). An overview of diffusion models for generative artificial intelligence. arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.01371.
13. Gansser, O. A., ve Reich, C. S. (2021). A New Acceptance Model for Artificial Intelligence With Extensions to UTAUT2: An Empirical Study in Three Segments of Application. Technology in Society, 65, 101535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101535
14. Ghamrawi, N. (2013). Leadership Styles of School Principals and Their Multiple Intelligences Profiles: Any Relationship. International Journal of Research Studies in Education, 2(2), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2013.277
15. Gumusluoglu, L., & Ilsev, A. (2009). Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal Of Business Research, 62(4), 461-473.
16. Gyanamurthy, V., ve Radhanath, S. (2023). Leading Change in the AI Era: Strategies for Transformational Leadership. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technologies and Innovations, 1(04), 164–184.
17. Herold, D. M., Fedor, D. B., Caldwell, S., ve Liu, Y. (2008). The effects of transformational and change leadership on employees’ commitment to a change: a multilevel study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(2), 346. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.2.346
18. Hoch, J. E., Bommer, W. H., Dulebohn, J. H., ve Wu, D. (2018). Do Ethical, Authentic, and Servant Leadership Explain Variance Above and Beyond Transformational Leadership? A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Management, 44(2), 501–529.
19. Johansson, S., ve Björkman, I. (2018). What impact will Artificial Intelligence have on the future leadership role?–A study of leaders’ expectations. Access address: https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=8952603&fileOId=8952700
20. Kalota, F. (2024). A Primer on Generative Artificial Intelligence. Education Sciences, 14(2), 172.
21. Keller, R. (2008). Transformational Leadership and The Performance of Research and Development Project Groups. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 2(36), 82–91. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2008.4534329
22. Kollmann, T., Kollmann, K., ve Kollmann, N. (2023). Artificial Leadership: Digital Transformation as a Leadership Task Between the Chief Digital Officer and Artificial Intelligence. International Journal of Business Science and Applied Management, 18(1), 76–95.
23. Lichtenthaler, U. (2018). Beyond Artificial Intelligence: Why Companies Need to Go the Extra Step. Journal of Business Strategy, 41(1), 19–26.
24. Lichtenthaler, U. (2020). Extremes of Acceptance: Employee Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Business Strategy, 41(5), 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBS-12-2018-0204
25. Lichtenthaler, U., ve Ernst, H. (2006). Attitudes to Externally Organising Knowledge Management Tasks: a Review, Reconsideration and Extension of the NIH Syndrome. R&d Management, 36(4), 367–386. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00443.x
26. Marquis, M. (2005). Exploring Convenience Orientation As a Food Motivation For College Students Living in Residence Halls. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 29(1), 55–63.
27. Matsunaga, M. (2022). Uncertainty Management, Transformational Leadership, and Job Performance in an AI-Powered Organizational Context. Communication Monographs, 89(1), 118–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2021.1952633
28. Odugbesan, J. A., Aghazadeh, S., Al Qaralleh, R. E., ve Sogeke, O. S. (2023). Green talent management and employees’ innovative work behavior: the roles of artificial intelligence and transformational leadership. Journal of Knowledge Management, 27(3), 696–716. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-08-2021-0601
29. Reeves, B. R. (2023). The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Follower Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the United States Air Force. Indiana Wesleyan University.
30. Russell, S. J., ve Norvig, P. (2016). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3.). Pearson.
31. Schepman, A., ve Rodway, P. (2020). Initial validation of the general attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Scale. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 1, 100014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2020.100014
32. Shafique, I., Ahmad, B., ve Kalyar, M. N. (2020). How ethical leadership influences creativity and organizational innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management, 23(1), 114–133. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-12-2018-0269
33. Takale, D. G., Mahalle, P. N., & Sule, B. (2024). Advancements and Applications of Generative Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Information Technology and Sciences, 10(1), 20-27.
34. Wang, G., Oh, I.-S., Courtright, S. H., ve Colbert, A. E. (2011). Transformational Leadership and Performance Across Criteria and Levels: A Meta-analytic Review of 25 Years of Research. Group & Organization Management, 36(2), 223–270.
35. Winick, E. (2018). Every Study We Could Find on What Automation will Do To Jobs, in One Chart. Technology Review. Access address: https://www.technologyreview.com/2018/01/25/146020/every-study-we-could-find-on-what-automation-will-do-to-jobs-in-one-chart/
36. Xu, J., Li, H., ve Zhou, S. (2015). An overview of deep generative models. IETE Technical Review, 32(2), 131-139.
37. Zineldin, M. (2017). Transformational Leadership Behavior, Emotions, and Outcomes: Health Psychology Perspective in the Workplace. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 32(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555