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The Impact of Compliance with Environmental Principles on Financial Performance: An Application in the BIST Energy Sector

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 853 - 871, 06.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.29216/ueip.1697666

Öz

This study aims to examine the level of compliance with environmental sustainability principles among 32 companies operating in the energy sector and listed on Borsa Istanbul (BIST) in 2024, as well as the impact of this compliance on their financial performance. The environmental compliance level was assessed based on 24 principles derived from the literature, each rated on a scale from 0 to 2. Return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA) were used as indicators of financial performance. Descriptive statistics were generated using the Python programming language, while analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation, and regression analyses were conducted using SPSS version 29.0. The descriptive findings indicate that the companies exhibit a partial degree of compliance with environmental sustainability principles. A high level of compliance was observed with principles such as B1 (Environmental Policy), B5 (Strategic Integration), and B9 (Reporting), while lower levels were recorded for principles related to carbon and energy management, including B14, B22, and B24. Companies such as ZOREN, GWIND, and AKENR demonstrated a relatively high degree of compliance, whereas LYDYE and CWENE showed significantly lower levels. The statistical analyses reveal a significant and positive relationship between the degree of compliance with environmental sustainability principles and financial performance.

Kaynakça

  • Acar, M., & Temiz, H. (2018). Sürdürülebilirlik endeksinde işlem gören firmaların finansal performansı: olay çalışması örneği. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(3), 1971-1987.
  • Aftab, J., Abid, N., Sarwar, H., Amin, A., Abedini, M., & Veneziani, M. (2024). Does corporate social responsibility drive financial performance? Exploring the significance of green innovation, green dynamic capabilities, and perceived environmental volatility. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 31(3), 1634-1653.
  • Ahlklo, Y., & Lind, C. (2019). E, S or G? A study of ESG scoreand financial performance. Master of Science Thesis TRITA-ITM-EX 2019:12
  • Ahmad, N. N. N., & Hossain, D. M. (2015). Climate change and global warming discourses and disclosures in the corporate annual reports: A study on the Malaysian companies. Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, 172, 246-253.
  • Andrew, J., & Cortese, C. (2011, September). Accounting for climate change and the self-regulation of carbon disclosures. In Accounting Forum (Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 130-138). No longer published by Elsevier.
  • Andrikopoulos, A., & Kriklani, N. (2013). Environmental disclosure and financial characteristics of the firm: The case of Denmark. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 20(1), 55-64.
  • Aupperle, K. E., Carroll, A. B., & Hatfield, J. D. (1985). An empirical examination of the relationship between corporate social responsibility and profitability. Academy of management Journal, 28(2), 446-463.
  • Berry, M. A., & Rondinelli, D. A. (1998). Proactive corporate environmental management: A new industrial revolution. Academy of Management Perspectives, 12(2), 38-50.
  • Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1979). A simple test for heteroscedasticity and random coefficient variation. Econometrica, 47(5), 1287-1294.
  • Buallay, A. (2019). Is sustainability reporting (ESG) associated with performance? Evidence from the European banking sector. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 30(1), 98-115.
  • Busch, T., & Hoffmann, V. H. (2011). How hot is your bottom line? Linking carbon and financial performance. Business & Society, 50(2), 233-265.
  • Çetenak, E. H., Ersoy, E., & Işık, Ö. (2022). ESG (çevresel, sosyal ve kurumsal yönetim) skorunun firma performansına etkisi: Türk bankacılık sektörü örneği. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 63(3), 75-82.
  • Eccles, R. G., Ioannou, I., & Serafeim, G. (2014). The impact of corporate sustainability on organizational processes and performance. Management science, 60(11), 2835-2857.
  • Eleftheriadis, I. M., & Anagnostopoulou, E. G. (2015). Relationship between corporate climate change disclosures and firm factors. Business Strategy and the Environment, 24(8), 780-789.
  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Freedman, M., & Jaggi, B. (2011). Global warming disclosures: impact of Kyoto protocol across countries. Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting, 22(1), 46-90.
  • Galletta, S., & Mazzù, S. (2023). ESG controversies and bank risk taking. Business Strategy and the Environment, 32(1), 274-288.
  • Hasan, K., Yousuf, S. B., Tushar, M. S. H. K., Das, B. K., Das, P., & Islam, M. S. (2022). Effects of different environmental and operational factors on the PV performance: A comprehensive review. Energy Science & Engineering, 10(2), 656-675.
  • https://www.kap.org.tr/tr/Bildirim/1116549,
  • https://www.kap.org.tr/tr/bist-sirketler
  • Korga, S., & Dirik, C. (2023). Geliştirilmiş entropi tabanlı TOPSİS yöntemiyle imalat sektöründe sürdürülebilirlik performansı ölçümü ve bir gösterge seti önerisi. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(1), 561-577.
  • Lee, D. D., Faff, R. W., & Langfield-Smith, K. (2009). Revisiting the vexing question: does superior corporate social performance lead to improved financial performance?. Australian Journal of Management, 34(1), 21-49.
  • Lu, L. W., & Taylor, M. E. (2018). A study of the relationships among environmental performance, environmental disclosure, and financial performance. Asian Review of Accounting, 26(1), 107-130.
  • Menicucci, E., & Paolucci, G. (2023). ESG dimensions and bank performance: an empirical investigation in Italy. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 23(3), 563-586.
  • Milne, M. J., & Grubnic, S. (2011). Climate change accounting research: keeping it interesting and different. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 24(8), 948-977.
  • Nakao, Y., Kanyiva, K. S., & Hiyama, T. (2008). A strategy for C− H activation of pyridines: direct C-2 selective alkenylation of pyridines by nickel/Lewis acid catalysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(8), 2448-2449.
  • Oral, C., & Geçdoğan, S. (2020). Kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik ölçümü için ahp ve topsıs yöntemlerinin kullanılması: bankacılık sektörü üzerine bir uygulama. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(4), 4166-4183.
  • Öztel, A., Aydın, B., & Köse, M. S. (2018). Entropi tabanlı TOPSIS yöntemi İle enerji sektöründe kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik performansının ölçümü: Akenerji örneği. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(24), 1-24.
  • Peker, A. A. (2024). Sürdürülebilirlik ilkeleri uyum çerçevesi bağlamında üç boyutlu raporlamanın işletme performansına etkisi. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, (102), 19-38.
  • Shakil, M. H., Mahmood, N., Tasnia, M., & Munim, Z. H. (2019). Do environmental, social and governance performance affect the financial performance of banks? A cross-country study of emerging market banks. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 30(6), 1331-1344.
  • Shapiro, S. S., & Wilk, M. B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 52(3-4), 591-611.
  • Simsek, O., & Cankaya, S. (2021). Examining the relationship between ESG scores and financial performance in banks: Evidence from G8 countries. Press Acad. Procedia, 14, 169-170.
  • Stechemesser, K., & Guenther, E. (2012). Carbon accounting: a systematic literature review. Journal of cleaner production, 36, 17-38.
  • Vashisht, R., Calvo-Pardo, H., & Olmo, J. (2025). A causal analysis of environmental and financial performance: Differences between brown and green firms. Economic Modelling, 144, 106949.
  • Wang, Q., Dou, J., & Jia, S. (2016). A meta-analytic review of corporate social responsibility and corporate financial performance: The moderating effect of contextual factors. Business & society, 55(8), 1083-1121.
  • Wu, B. (2025). A Study on the Impact of Environmental Liability Insurance on Industrial Carbon Emissions. arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.15445. https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.15445

Çevresel İlkelere Uyumun Finansal Performansa Etkisi: BİST Enerji Sektöründe Bir Uygulama

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 853 - 871, 06.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.29216/ueip.1697666

Öz

Bu çalışma, 2024 yılında Borsa İstanbul’da (BIST) işlem gören enerji sektöründeki 32 şirketin çevresel sürdürülebilirlik ilkelerine uyum düzeyini ve bu uyumun finansal performans üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çevresel uyum düzeyi, literatürde tanımlanan 24 çevresel ilke kapsamında, her biri 0 ile 2 puan arasında derecelendirilerek ölçülmüştür. Finansal performans göstergesi olarak özkaynak kârlılığı (ROE) ve aktif kârlılığı (ROA) oranları kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi kapsamında, betimleyici istatistikler Python programlama dili ile oluşturulmuş; varyans analizi (ANOVA), korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri ise SPSS 29.0 programı aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Betimleyici bulgular, enerji sektöründe yer alan 32 şirketin çevresel sürdürülebilirlik ilkelerine kısmen uyum sağladığını göstermiştir. B1 (çevre politikası), B5 (stratejik entegrasyon) ve B9 (raporlama) gibi ilkelere yüksek düzeyde uyum gözlenirken; B14, B22 ve B24 gibi karbon ve enerji yönetimine ilişkin ilkelere düşük düzeyde uyum sağlandığı tespit edilmiştir. ZOREN, GWIND ve AKENR yüksek uyum gösteren şirketler arasında yer alırken; LYDYE ve CWENE gibi şirketlerde uyum düzeyinin oldukça düşük olduğu görülmüştür. İstatistiksel analiz sonuçları ise, çevresel sürdürülebilirlik ilkelerine uyum ile finansal performans arasında anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Acar, M., & Temiz, H. (2018). Sürdürülebilirlik endeksinde işlem gören firmaların finansal performansı: olay çalışması örneği. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(3), 1971-1987.
  • Aftab, J., Abid, N., Sarwar, H., Amin, A., Abedini, M., & Veneziani, M. (2024). Does corporate social responsibility drive financial performance? Exploring the significance of green innovation, green dynamic capabilities, and perceived environmental volatility. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 31(3), 1634-1653.
  • Ahlklo, Y., & Lind, C. (2019). E, S or G? A study of ESG scoreand financial performance. Master of Science Thesis TRITA-ITM-EX 2019:12
  • Ahmad, N. N. N., & Hossain, D. M. (2015). Climate change and global warming discourses and disclosures in the corporate annual reports: A study on the Malaysian companies. Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, 172, 246-253.
  • Andrew, J., & Cortese, C. (2011, September). Accounting for climate change and the self-regulation of carbon disclosures. In Accounting Forum (Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 130-138). No longer published by Elsevier.
  • Andrikopoulos, A., & Kriklani, N. (2013). Environmental disclosure and financial characteristics of the firm: The case of Denmark. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 20(1), 55-64.
  • Aupperle, K. E., Carroll, A. B., & Hatfield, J. D. (1985). An empirical examination of the relationship between corporate social responsibility and profitability. Academy of management Journal, 28(2), 446-463.
  • Berry, M. A., & Rondinelli, D. A. (1998). Proactive corporate environmental management: A new industrial revolution. Academy of Management Perspectives, 12(2), 38-50.
  • Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1979). A simple test for heteroscedasticity and random coefficient variation. Econometrica, 47(5), 1287-1294.
  • Buallay, A. (2019). Is sustainability reporting (ESG) associated with performance? Evidence from the European banking sector. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 30(1), 98-115.
  • Busch, T., & Hoffmann, V. H. (2011). How hot is your bottom line? Linking carbon and financial performance. Business & Society, 50(2), 233-265.
  • Çetenak, E. H., Ersoy, E., & Işık, Ö. (2022). ESG (çevresel, sosyal ve kurumsal yönetim) skorunun firma performansına etkisi: Türk bankacılık sektörü örneği. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 63(3), 75-82.
  • Eccles, R. G., Ioannou, I., & Serafeim, G. (2014). The impact of corporate sustainability on organizational processes and performance. Management science, 60(11), 2835-2857.
  • Eleftheriadis, I. M., & Anagnostopoulou, E. G. (2015). Relationship between corporate climate change disclosures and firm factors. Business Strategy and the Environment, 24(8), 780-789.
  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Freedman, M., & Jaggi, B. (2011). Global warming disclosures: impact of Kyoto protocol across countries. Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting, 22(1), 46-90.
  • Galletta, S., & Mazzù, S. (2023). ESG controversies and bank risk taking. Business Strategy and the Environment, 32(1), 274-288.
  • Hasan, K., Yousuf, S. B., Tushar, M. S. H. K., Das, B. K., Das, P., & Islam, M. S. (2022). Effects of different environmental and operational factors on the PV performance: A comprehensive review. Energy Science & Engineering, 10(2), 656-675.
  • https://www.kap.org.tr/tr/Bildirim/1116549,
  • https://www.kap.org.tr/tr/bist-sirketler
  • Korga, S., & Dirik, C. (2023). Geliştirilmiş entropi tabanlı TOPSİS yöntemiyle imalat sektöründe sürdürülebilirlik performansı ölçümü ve bir gösterge seti önerisi. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(1), 561-577.
  • Lee, D. D., Faff, R. W., & Langfield-Smith, K. (2009). Revisiting the vexing question: does superior corporate social performance lead to improved financial performance?. Australian Journal of Management, 34(1), 21-49.
  • Lu, L. W., & Taylor, M. E. (2018). A study of the relationships among environmental performance, environmental disclosure, and financial performance. Asian Review of Accounting, 26(1), 107-130.
  • Menicucci, E., & Paolucci, G. (2023). ESG dimensions and bank performance: an empirical investigation in Italy. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 23(3), 563-586.
  • Milne, M. J., & Grubnic, S. (2011). Climate change accounting research: keeping it interesting and different. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 24(8), 948-977.
  • Nakao, Y., Kanyiva, K. S., & Hiyama, T. (2008). A strategy for C− H activation of pyridines: direct C-2 selective alkenylation of pyridines by nickel/Lewis acid catalysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(8), 2448-2449.
  • Oral, C., & Geçdoğan, S. (2020). Kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik ölçümü için ahp ve topsıs yöntemlerinin kullanılması: bankacılık sektörü üzerine bir uygulama. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(4), 4166-4183.
  • Öztel, A., Aydın, B., & Köse, M. S. (2018). Entropi tabanlı TOPSIS yöntemi İle enerji sektöründe kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik performansının ölçümü: Akenerji örneği. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(24), 1-24.
  • Peker, A. A. (2024). Sürdürülebilirlik ilkeleri uyum çerçevesi bağlamında üç boyutlu raporlamanın işletme performansına etkisi. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, (102), 19-38.
  • Shakil, M. H., Mahmood, N., Tasnia, M., & Munim, Z. H. (2019). Do environmental, social and governance performance affect the financial performance of banks? A cross-country study of emerging market banks. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 30(6), 1331-1344.
  • Shapiro, S. S., & Wilk, M. B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 52(3-4), 591-611.
  • Simsek, O., & Cankaya, S. (2021). Examining the relationship between ESG scores and financial performance in banks: Evidence from G8 countries. Press Acad. Procedia, 14, 169-170.
  • Stechemesser, K., & Guenther, E. (2012). Carbon accounting: a systematic literature review. Journal of cleaner production, 36, 17-38.
  • Vashisht, R., Calvo-Pardo, H., & Olmo, J. (2025). A causal analysis of environmental and financial performance: Differences between brown and green firms. Economic Modelling, 144, 106949.
  • Wang, Q., Dou, J., & Jia, S. (2016). A meta-analytic review of corporate social responsibility and corporate financial performance: The moderating effect of contextual factors. Business & society, 55(8), 1083-1121.
  • Wu, B. (2025). A Study on the Impact of Environmental Liability Insurance on Industrial Carbon Emissions. arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.15445. https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.15445
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonometrik ve İstatistiksel Yöntemler, İşletme
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ
Yazarlar

Sevgi Cengiz 0000-0002-5963-2585

Yayımlanma Tarihi 6 Ekim 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi 15 Eylül 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Cengiz, S. (2025). Çevresel İlkelere Uyumun Finansal Performansa Etkisi: BİST Enerji Sektöründe Bir Uygulama. Uluslararası Ekonomi İşletme ve Politika Dergisi, 9(2), 853-871. https://doi.org/10.29216/ueip.1697666

Uluslararası Ekonomi, İşletme ve Politika Dergisi

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi
İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi
İktisat Bölümü
RİZE / TÜRKİYE