D8 Ülkelerinde Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım ve Çevresel Etkiler: Kirlilik Cenneti, Kirlilik Halesi ve Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezlerinin Analizi

Öz

Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar küresel ekonomik entegrasyonun önemli bir bileşeni olarak gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ekonomik büyümeyi teşvik etmektedir. Ancak bu yatırımlar çevresel bozulmaya yol açabilmekte ve özellikle çevre mevzuatının yetersiz olduğu ülkelerde ekolojik ayak izinin artmasına neden olabilmektedir. Bu durum sanayileşme ve artan kaynak tüketimiyle birlikte çevresel sürdürülebilirliği tehdit eden bir faktör haline gelebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Kirlilik Cenneti, Kirlilik Halesi ve Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi hipotezlerini test etmektir. Bunun için D8 ülkelerinde 1995-2022 yılları arası verileri baz alınarak FMOLS uzun dönem katsayı tahmincisi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Kirlilik Cenneti hipotezinin geçerli olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılırken, Kirlilik Halesi ve Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi hipotezlerinin geçerli olmadığı bulgularına ulaşılmıştır. Bu bulgular D8 ülkelerinde doğrudan yabancı yatırımların çevresel bozulmayı artırabileceğini ve bu ülkelerin daha katı çevre politikalarına ihtiyaç duyduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kirlilik Cenneti
• Kirlilik Halesi
• Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım
• Ekolojik Ayak İzi
• EKC

Foreign Direct Investment and Environmental Impacts in D8 Countries: Analysis of the Pollution Haven, Pollution Halo and Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypotheses

Abstract

Foreign direct investments are an important component of global economic integration and promote economic growth in developing countries. However, these investments can lead to environmental degradation and increase the ecological footprint, especially in countries with inadequate environmental legislation. This situation can become a factor that threatens environmental sustainability with industrialization and increasing resource consumption. The aim of this study is to test the Pollution Haven, Pollution Halo and Environmental Kuznets Curve hypotheses. For this purpose, the FMOLS long-term coefficient estimator was used based on the data from 1995 to 2022 in D8 countries. According to the results obtained, it was found that the Pollution Haven hypothesis is valid, while the Pollution Halo and Environmental Kuznets Curve hypotheses are not valid. These findings show that foreign direct investments in D8 countries can increase environmental degradation and that these countries need stricter environmental policies.

Keywords

• Pollution Haven
• Pollution Halo
• Foreign Direct Investment
• Ecological Footprint
• EKC

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