-

Abstract

The aim of this research is to examine whether the type of ties that are formed under the influence of developing country context can affect firms’ financial performances. This relation is analyzed on a sample that contains affiliates of various business groups which are listed in Borsa Istanbul. The findings of the analysis conducted with data of 74 affiliates of 15 business groups suggest no statistically significant effect of networks formed with strong ties on financial performance

Keywords

• -

Bağlamın Etkisinde Şekillenen Örgütler Arası Bağların Finansal Performans Üzerindeki Etkileri:Türkiye’deki İşletme Grupları Örneği

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, gelişmekte olan ülke bağlamının etkisi ile şekillenen bağ yapılarının aktör olarak örgütlerin finansal performanslarını etkileyip etkilemediğini ortaya koymaktır. Bu ilişki, Borsa İstanbul’da koteli ve bir işletme grubuna bağlı işletmelerden oluşan örneklem üzerinde analiz edilmiştir. Toplamda 15 işletme grubuna bağlı 74 bağlı işletmenin verileri ile yürütülen analizler sonucunda, güçlü bağlardan oluşan ağ yapısının finansal performans üzerindeki etkisine dair istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkiler gözlenmemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sosyal Sermaye, Güçlü Bağlar, İşletme Grupları, Finansal Performans

Kaynakça

1. Ahuja, G. (2000), “The Duality of Collaboration: Inducements and Opportunities in the Formation of Interfirm Linkages”, Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), 317-343.
2. Alguezaui, S. ve Filieri, R. (2010), “Investigating the Role of Social Capital in Innovation: Sparse Versus Dense Network”, Journal of Knowledge Management, 14(6), 891-909.
3. Andersen, M. L. ve Olsen, L. (2011), “Corporate Social and Financial Performance: A Canonical Correlation Analysis”, Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 15(2), 17-38.
4. Ataay, A. (2012), “Türk Aile İşletme Gruplarının Uluslararasılaşma Deneyimleri”, Tamer Koçel (Ed.), 5. Aile İşletmeleri Kongresi Kongre Kitabı, 71-92, İstanbul: İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi Yayınları.
5. Baker, W. E. (1990), “Market Networks and Corporate Behavior”, American Journal of Sociology, 96(3), 589-625.
6. Batjargal, B. (2003), “Social Capital and Entrepreneurial Performance in Russia: A Longitudinal Study”, Organization Studies, 24(4), 535-556.
7. Battilana, J. ve Casciaro, T. (2013), “Overcoming Resistance to Organizational Change: Strong Ties and Affective Cooptation”, Management Science, 59(4), 819-836.
8. Bourdieu, P. (2002), “The Forms of Capital”, Nicole Woolsey Biggart (Ed.), Economic Sociology içinde (280-291), Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.

9. Bryman, A. ve Cramer, D. (1997), Quantitative Data Analysis with SPSS for Windows: A Guide for Social Scientists, London and New York: Routledge.
10. Buğra, Ayşe (2010), Devlet ve İşadamları, 7. Baskı, İstanbul: İletişimYayınları.
11. Burt, R. S. (1997), “The Contingent Value of Social Capital”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(2), 339-365.
12. Burt, R.S. (2000a), “The Network Structure of Social Capital”, Research in Organizational Behavior, 22, 345-423.
13. Burt, R.S. (2000b), Structural Holes Versus Network Closure as Social Capital, http://snap.stanford.edu/class/cs224w-readings/burt00capital.pdf (Erişim: 20.12.2014).
14. Canbolat, E. O. (2011), “Social Capital Influences on Business Groups’ Diversification Strategies”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 1436-1443.
15. Coleman, J.S. (1988a), “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital”, American Journal of Sociology, 94(Supplement), 95-120.
16. Coleman, J.S. (1988b), “Creation and Destruction of Social Capital: Implications for the Law”, Notre Dame Journal of Law Ethics and Public Policy, 3(3), 375-404.
17. Contractor, F.J. ve diğerleri (2003), “A Three-Stage Theory of International Expansion: The Link Between Multinationality and Performance in the Service Sector ”, Journal of International Business Studies, 34(1), 5-18.
18. David, P. ve diğerleri (2010), “Do Shareholders or Stakeholders Appropriate the Rents from Corporate Diversification? The Influence of Ownership Structure”, Academy of Management Journal, 53(3), 636-654.
19. Elsayed, K. (2011), “Board Size and Corporate Performance: the Missing Role of Board Leadership Structure”, Journal of Management and Governance, 15(3), 415-446.
20. Goll, I. ve diğerleri (2001), “Top Management Team Composition, Corporate Ideology, and Firm Performance”, Management International Review, 41(2), 109-129.
21. Goll, I. ve Rasheed, A.A. (2004), “The Moderating Effect of Environmental Munificence and Dynamism on the Relationship between Discretionary Social Responsibility and Firm Performance”, Journal of Business Ethics, 49(1), 41-54.
22. Granovetter, M. (1973), “The Strength of Weak Ties”, American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360-1380.
23. Granovetter, M. (1983), “The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited”, Sociological Theory, 1(1), 201-233.
24. Gulati, R. ve diğerleri (2002), “Organizational networks”, Joel A.C. Baum (Ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Organizations içinde (281-303), Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
25. Hitt, M. A. ve diğerleri (1997), “International Diversification: Effects on Innovation and Firm Performance in Product-Diversified Firms”, Academy of Management Journal, 40(4), 767-798.
26. Karaevli, A. (2008), “Türkiye’deki İşletme Gruplarında Çeşitlendirme Stratejilerinin Evrimi”, Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1-2), 85-107.
27. Karahanna, E. ve Preston, D. S. (2013), “The Effect of Social Capital of the Relationship Between the CIO and Top Management Team on Firm Performance”, Journal of Management Information Systems, 30(1), 15-56.
28. Koka, B. R. ve Prescott, J. E. (2002), “Strategic Alliances as Social Capital: A Multidimensional View”, Strategic Management Journal, 23(9), 795-816.
29. Kozan, K. M. ve Akdeniz, L. (2014), “Role of Strong Versus Weak Networks in Small Business Growth in an Emerging Economy”, Administrative Sciences, 4(1), 35-50.
30. Kraatz, M. S. (1998), “Learning by Association? Interorganizational Networks and Adaptation to Environmental Change”, Academy of Management Journal, 41(6), 621-643.
31. Krackhardt, D. (1992), “The Strength of Strong Ties: The Importance of Philos in Organizations”, Nohria Nitin ve Eccles Robert G. (Ed.), Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form and Action içinde (216-239), Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
32. Lee, J.-H. ve diğerleri (2012), “Outside Directors’ Social Capital and Firm Performance: A Complex Network Approach”, Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 40(8), 1319-1331.
33. Leff, N. H. (1978), “Industrial Organization and Entrepreneurship in the Developing Countries: The Economic Groups”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 26(4), 661-675.
34. Li, Y. ve diğerleri (2011), “Organisational Learning, Product Quality and Performance: The Moderating Effect of Social Ties in Chinese Cross-Border Outsourcing”, International Journal of Production Research, 49(1), 159-182.
35. Lin, N. ve diğerleri (1981), “Social Resources and Strength of Ties: Structural Factors in Occupational Status Attainment”, American Sociological Review, 46(4), 393-405.
36. Lin, N. (1999), “Building a Network Theory of Social Capital”, Connections, 22(1), 28-51.
37. Lin, N. (2005), A Network Theory of Social Capital, http://www.pro-classic.com/ethnicgv/SN/SC/paper-final-041605.pdf (Erişim: 01.02.2015).
38. Lowik, S. ve diğerleri (2012), “Strong Ties as Sources of New Knowledge: How Small Firms Innovate through Bridging Capabilities”, Journal of Small Business Management, 50(2), 239-256.
39. Mahmood, I.P. ve diğerleri (2011), “Where can Capabilities Come From? Network Ties and Capability Acquisition in Business Groups”, Strategic Management Journal, 32(8), 820-848.
40. Malik, T. (2012). “Disparate Association Between Alliance Social Capital and the Global Pharmaceutical Firm's Performance”, International Business Review, 21(6), 1017-1028.
41. Michelfelder, I. ve Kratzer, J. (2013), “Why and How Combining Strong and Weak Ties within a Single Interorganizational R&D Collaboration Outperforms Other Collaboration Structures”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(6), 1159-1177.
42. Montgomery, C.A. (1982), “The Measurement of Firm Diversification: Some New Empirical Evidence”, Academy of Management Journal, 25(2), 299-307.
43. Obukhova, E. (2012), “Motivation vs. Relevance: Using Strong Ties to Find a Job in Urban China”, Social Science Research, 41(3), 570-580.
44. Özgen, H. ve Özgen, H. M. (2009), “Neden Bazı İşletme Grupları Diğerlerinin Gerisinde Kalmaktadır? Türkiye’deki Bölgesel Şebeke Örgütleri Örneği”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22, 325-334.
45. Özkara, B. ve diğerleri (2008), “Türkiye’de İşletme Grupları: Eskiler ve Yeniler”, Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1-2), 59-83.
46. Palepu, K. (1985), “Diversification Strategy, Profit Performance and the Entropy Measure”, Strategic Management Journal, 6(3), 239-255.
47. Perry-Smith, J. E. (2014), “Social Network Ties Beyond Nonredundancy: An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Knowledge Content and Tie Strength on Creativity”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(5), 831-846.
48. Rost, K. (2011), “The Strength of Strong Ties in the Creation of Innovation”, Research Policy, 40(4), 588-604.
49. Sambharya, R.B. (1995), “The Combined Effect of International Diversification and Product Diversification Strategies on the Performance of U.S.-Based Multinational Corporations”, Management International Review, 35(3), 197-218.
50. Sargut, S. A. (2006), “Sosyal Sermaye: Yapının Sunduğu Bir Olanak mı, Yoksa Bireyin Amaçlı Eylemi mi?”, Akdeniz Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 6(12), 1-13.
51. Sözen, H. C. (2007), Bağlam Kapsamında Örgütler Arası Ağ Düzenekleri: Dayanıklı Ev Aletleri Sektörü Örneği, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Başkent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
52. Sparrowe, R. T. ve diğerleri (2001), “Social Networks and the Performance of Individuals and Groups”, Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 316-325.
53. Şahin, K. T. ve Mert, K. (2014), “Türkiye'deki İşletme Gruplarının Uluslararasılaşma Motivasyonunun Lokasyon ve Giriş Stratejisi Üzerindeki Etkisi”, TİSK Akademi, 9(18), 74-98.
54. Tiwana, A. (2008), “Do Bridging Ties Complement Strong Ties? An Empirical Examination of Alliance Ambidexterity”, Strategic Management Journal, 29(3), 251-272.
55. Tomlinson, P. R. (2011), “Strong Ties, Substantive Embeddedness and Innovation: Exploring Differences in the Innovative Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Firms in UK Manufacturing”, Knowledge and Process Management, 18(2), 95-108.
56. Tsai, W. (2001), “Knowledge Transfer in Intraorganizational Networks”, Academy of Management Journal, 44(5), 996-1004.
57. Uzzi, B. (1996), “The Sources and Consequences of Embeddedness for the Economic Performance of Organizations: The Network Effect”, American Sociological Review, 61(4), 674-698.
58. Uzzi, B. ve Lancaster, R. (2003), “Relational Embeddedness and Learning: The Case of Bank Loan Managers and Their Clients”, Management Science, 49(4), 383-399.
59. http://www.kap.gov.tr/sirketler/islem-goren-sirketler/tum-sirketler.aspx (Erişim: 16.03.2014).
60. http://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/sicsearch.html (Erişim: 17.07.2014).