A Panel Data Analysis on The Impact of Green Innovation on Energy Efficiency

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 1 - 22, 26.04.2024

Nazan Şahbaz Kılınç , Efe Can Kılınç

https://doi.org/10.20979/ueyd.1293226

Öz

Energy efficiency, which means less energy use in output production reduces the energy dependency of countries, enables them to reach higher levels of welfare, and decreases the damage on the environment by enabling less polluting mechanisms to be put into use. Based on the matter of energy efficiency for countries, in this study; the effect of green innovation on energy efficiency was tested using panel data methods (mean group estimator) in OECD countries for the period 1995-2019. The findings showed that energy efficiency will increase as green innovation, renewable energy consumption and per capita income level increase. On the other hand, it has been determined that as fossil fuel consumption increases, energy efficiency will decrease.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Green Innovation, Energy Efficiency, Panel Data Analysis

Yeşil İnovasyonun Enerji Verimliliğine Etkisi Üzerine Bir Panel Veri Analizi

Öz

Çıktı üretiminde daha az enerji kullanımını ifade eden enerji verimliliği; ülkelerin enerji bağımlılığını düşürmekte, daha yüksek refah seviyelerine ulaşmalarını mümkün kılmakta ve çevreyi daha az kirletici mekanizmaların devreye alınmasını sağlayarak çevre üzerindeki tahribatı azaltmaktadır. Enerji verimliliğinin ülkeler için öneminden yol çıkılarak bu çalışmada; OECD ülkeleri özelinde, 1995-2019 dönemi kapsamında, yeşil inovasyonun enerji verimliliği üzerindeki etkisi panel veri yöntemleri (ortalama grup tahmincisi) kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, yeşil inovasyonun göstergesi olarak belirlenen çevre ile ilgili alınan patentlerin sayısı, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve kişi başına düşe gelir düzeyi arttıkça enerji verimliliğinin artacağını, buna karşın fosil yakıt tüketimi arttıkça enerji verimliliğinin azalacağını göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yeşil İnovasyon, Enerji Verimliliği, Panel Veri Analizi

Kaynakça

• Ağazade, Ş. (2021) Energy Productivity Convergence in Eastern European Countries: A Panel Data Approach, Eastern European Economics, 59(5), 407-422.
• Ahmad, M., Shabir, M., Naheed, R., ve Shehzad, K. (2022). How Do Environmental Innovations and Energy Productivity Affect The Environment? Analyzing the Role of Economic Globalization. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 19(8), 7527-7538.
• Amin, M., Zhou, S., ve Safi, A. (2022). The Nexus Between Consumption-Based Carbon Emissions, Trade, Eco-Innovation, and Energy Productivity: Empirical Evidence From N-11 Economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(26), 39239-39248.
• Atasoy, B. S. (2017). Testing The Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis Across The Us: Evidence From Panel Mean Group Estimators. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 7, 731-747.
• Badmus, J. O., Bisiriyu, S. O., ve Alawode, O. S. (2022). Does COVID-19 Shock Endanger The Flows of FDI in OECD? Empirical Evidence Based on AMG Panel Estimator. Future Business Journal, 8(1), 1-14.
• Bil, E. ve Özdemir, E. (2021). The Effect of Technological Innovation Capabilities on Companies' Innovation and Marketing Performance: A Field Study on Technopark Companies in Turkey. Journal of Life Economics, 8(3), 361-378.
• Bond, S., ve Eberhardt, M. (2013). Accounting for Unobserved Heterogeneity in Panel Time Series Models. University of Oxford, 1-11.
• Chakraborty, S. K., ve Mazzanti, M. (2020). Energy Intensity and Green Energy Innovation: Checking Heterogeneous Country Effects in the OECD. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 52, 328–343.
• Chen, Y., Han, B., ve Liu, W. (2016). Green Technology Innovation and Energy Intensity in China. Natural Hazards, 84, 317-332.
• Cui, S., Wang, Y., Xu, P. (2023). The Evolutionary Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Total Carbon Productivity: Evidence from China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 15951–15963.
• Du, K., ve Li, J. (2019). Towards a Green World: How Do Green Technology Innovations Affect Total-Factor Carbon Productivity. Energy Policy, 131, 240-250.
• Eberhardt, M. (2012). Estimating Panel Time-Series Models With Heterogeneous Slopes, Stata Journal, 12, 61–71.
• Eberhardt, M., ve Bond, S., (2009). Cross-Section Dependence in Nonstationary Panel Models: A Novel Estimator. Nordic Econometrics Conference, Lund, October 29-31.
• Eberhardt, M., ve Teal, F., (2010). Productivity Analysis in Global Manufacturing Production. Discussion Paper 515. http://www.economics.ox.ac.uk/research/WP/pdf/paper515.pdf (Erişim: 03.05.2023).
• Fei, J., Wang, Y., Yang, Y., Chen, S., ve Zhi, Q. (2016). Towards Eco-City: The Role of Green Innovation. Energy Procedia, 104, 165-170.
• Ince, H., Imamoglu, S. Z., ve Turkcan, H. (2016). The Effect of Technological Innovation Capabilities and Absorptive Capacity on Firm Innovativeness: A Conceptual Framework. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 235, 764-770.
• Jiang, Q., Rahman, Z. U., Zhang, X., ve Islam, M. S. (2022). An Assessment of The Effect of Green Innovation, Income, and Energy Use on Consumption-Based CO2 Emissions: Empirical Evidence from Emerging Nations BRICS, Journal of Cleaner Production, 365, 1-7.
• Khan, K., ve Su, C. W. (2023). Does Technology Innovation Complement The Renewable Energy Transition?. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(11), 30144-30154.
• Khan, Z., Badeeb, R. A., Zhang, C., ve Dong, K. (2023). Financial Inclusion and Energy Efficiency: Role of Green Innovation and Human Capital for Malaysia. Applied Economics, 1-16.
• Koilo, V., Honningdal G. O., ve Emblemsvag, J. (2022). The Interplay between Technological Innovation, Energy Efficiency, and Economic Growth: Evidence from 30 European Countries. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 20(3), 448-464.
• Le, H. P. (2020). The Energy-Growth Nexus Revisited: The Role of Financial Development, Institutions, Government Expenditure and Trade Openness. Heliyon, 6(7), e04369.
• Le, P. H., ve Bao, H. H. G. (2020). Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Consumption, Government Expenditure, Institution Quality, Financial Development, Trade Openness, and Sustainable Development in Latin America and Caribbean Emerging Market and Developing Economies. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 10 (1), 242-248.
• Lee, C. C., Olasehinde‐Williams, G., ve Akadiri, S. S. (2021). Geopolitical Risk and Tourism: Evidence from Dynamic Heterogeneous Panel Models. International Journal of Tourism Research, 23(1), 26-38.
• Li, Y., Zhang, C., Li, S., ve Usman, A. (2022). Energy Efficiency and Green Innovation and Its Asymmetric Impact on CO2 Emission in China: A New Perspective. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-8.
• Li, J., ve Liu, A. (2022). Impact of Urbanization on Total Factor Carbon Productivity in Central Asia. Sustainability, 14(22), 15379.
• Lin, S., Long, X., Huang, J., ve Gao, R. (2023). Green Technology Diversification, Technology Vertical Spillovers, and Energy Intensity in Chinese Cities. Energy for Sustainable Development, 76, 101281.
• Long, X., Sun, C., Wu, C., Chen, B., ve Boateng, K. A. (2020). Green Innovation Efficiency across China’s 30 Provinces: Estimate, Comparison, and Convergence. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 25(7), 1243-1260.
• Ma, T., ve Cao, X. (2021). FDI, Technological Progress, and Green Total Factor Energy Productivity: Evidence from 281 Prefecture Cities in China. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1-31.
• Marques, R. (2021). Eco-Innovation Impact on CO2 Imissions and Energy Productivity in EU Countries (Doctoral dissertation, ISCTE-Instituto Universitario de Lisboa (Portugal).
• Pan, X., Wei, Z., Han, B., ve Shahbaz, M. (2021). The Heterogeneous Impacts of Interregional Green Technology Spillover on Energy Intensity in China. Energy Economics, 96, 105133.
• Parker, S., ve Liddle, B. (2017). Analysing Energy Productivity Dynamics in the OECD Manufacturing Sector. Energy Economics, 67, 91-97.
• Pesaran, M., (2007), A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in The Presence of Cross-Section Dependence. J. Appl. Econ. 22, 265–312.
• Pesaran, M. H., ve Yamagata, T. (2008), Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels. Journal of econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
• Safi, A., Chen, Y., ve Zheng, L. (2022). The Impact of Energy Productivity and Eco-Innovation on Sustainable Environment in Emerging Seven (E-7) Countries: Does İnstitutional Quality Matter?. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 878243.
• Santra, S. (2017) The Effect of Technological Innovation on Production-Based Energy and CO2 Emission Productivity: Evidence from BRICS Countries, African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 9(5), 503-512.
• Solarin, S. A., Bello, M. O., ve Tiwari, A. K. (2022). The Impact of Technological Innovation on Renewable Energy Production: Accounting for the Roles of Economic and Environmental Factors Using a Method of Moments Quantile Regression. Heliyon, 8(7).
• Sun, H., Edziah, B. K., Sun, C., ve Kporsu, A. K. (2019). Institutional Quality, Green Innovation and Energy Efficiency. Energy policy, 135, 111002.
• Sun, H., Edziah, B. K., Kporsu, A. K., Sarkodie, S. A., ve Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (2021). Energy Efficiency: The Role of Technological Innovation and Knowledge Spillover. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 167, 120659.
• Şen, H., ve Kaya, A. (2019). Alternatif Göstergeler Bazında Türkiye’de Optimal Kamu Kesimi Büyüklüğünün Tahmini. Bankacılar Dergisi, 109, 49-81.
• Wahab, S., Zhang, X., Safi, A., Wahab, Z., ve Amin, M. (2021). Does Energy Productivity and Technological Innovation Limit Trade-Adjusted Carbon Emissions?. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 34(1), 1896-1912.
• Wang, H., ve Wang, M. (2020). Effects of Technological Innovation on Energy Efficiency in China: Evidence from Dynamic Panel of 284 Cities. Science of the Total Environment, 709, 136172.
• Wang, H., Cui, H., ve Zhao, Q. (2021). Effect of Green Technology Innovation on Green Total Factor Productivity in China: Evidence from Spatial Durbin Model Analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 288, 125624.
• World Bank (2023), Is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Included in Gross Fixed Capital Formation?, https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/ (Erişim: 28.08.2023).
• Wu, H., Fareed, Z., Wolanin, E., Rozkrut, D., ve Hajduk-Stelmachowicz, M. (2022). Role of Green Financing and Eco-Innovation for Energy Efficiency in Developed Countries: Contextual Evidence for Pre-and Post-COVID-19 Era. Frontiers in Energy Research, 10, 947901.
• Wurlod, J. D., ve Noailly, J. (2018). The Impact of Green Innovation on Energy Intensity: An Empirical Analysis for 14 Industrial Sectors in OECD Countries. Energy Economics, 71, 47-61.
• Yan, X., ve Zhang, Y. (2021). The Effects of Green Innovation and Environmental Management on the Environmental Performance and Value of a Firm: an Empirical Study of Energy-İntensive Listed Companies in China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 35870–35879.
• Yasmeen, R., Zhang, X., Tao, R., ve Shah, W. U. H. (2023). The Impact of Green Technology, Environmental Tax and Natural Resources on Energy Efficiency and Productivity: Perspective of OECD Rule of Law. Energy Reports, 9, 1308-1319.
• Yassin, J., Yun, W. S., ve Jalim, R. A. B. (2022). Green Innovation, Agro-Environmental and Energy Intensity: Evidence from Emerging Economies. In International Conference on Technology and Innovation Management (ICTIM 2022) (pp. 18-30). Atlantis Press.
• Yılmaz, G., ve Daşdemir, E. (2020). Renewable Energy Use and Energy Productivity: A Panel Data Analysis. Journal of Sustainable Economics and Management Studies, 1(1), 73-82.
• York, R. (2012), Do Alternative Energy Sources Displace Fossil Fuels? Nature Climate Change, 2, 441–443.
• Yu, Y., Chen, X., ve Zhang, N. (2022). Innovation and Energy Productivity: An Empirical Study of the Innovative City Pilot Policy in China. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 176, 121430.
• Zhang, J., Kang, L., Li, H., Ballesteros-Pérez, P., Skitmore, M., ve Zuo, J. (2020). The Impact of Environmental Regulations on Urban Green Innovation Efficiency: The Case of Xi'an. Sustainable Cities and Society, 57, 102123.
• Zhang, D., ve Vigne, S. A. (2021). How Does Innovation Efficiency Contribute to Green Productivity? A Financial Constraint Perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 280, 124000.
• Zhang, R., ve Fu, Y. (2022). Technological Progress Effects on Energy Efficiency from the Perspective of Technological Innovation and Technology Introduction: An Empirical Study of Guangdong, China. Energy Reports, 8, 425-437.