Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Sociocultural History of Hazaras and the Problem of Their Origin

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 307 - 326, 29.11.2022

Öz

In this work, Hazaraların tarih sahnesine çızmaları irdelenerek, about kökenleri öne eşellen muhtelif hazın ve savlar ele alınıp ınızışıcekır. Hazaralarla ilgili bilgiren, which are thought to be var tühli kavimleri arındın Türk kavimleri, have begun to be noticed for the first time in the works of Farsça yazan tarihçilerin in the 13th and 16th centuries. İlhanlılar ve Timurlular hanedanlığı teremini anlatan sources, as well as Bâbür Devleti'nin kurucusu Sultan Zahirüddin Muhammed Bâbür Şah'ın Bâbürnamesinn bilistifade makale tağın edilmeye çalışıldız. Keza son dörem erektorının erşerilinden de ışılışılarık, Hazaraların müstakil bir kol ve kavim haline gelme gelme process has been analyzed. Nowadays, the presence of the Hazaras, who live mainly in the inner and middle parts of Afghanistan, is also discussed in Pakistan and Iran.

Kaynakça

  • ARAT, Reşit Rahmeti (1970a). Baburnâme – Babur’un Hâtıratı- C.1. İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları.
  • ARAT, Reşit Rahmeti (1970b). Baburnâme – Babur’un Hâtıratı- C.2. İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları.
  • ARAT, Reşit Rahmeti (1970c). Baburnâme – Babur’un Hâtıratı- C.3. İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları.
  • BACON, Elizabeth E. (1958). Obok: A Study of the Social Structure in Eurasisa. New York: Werner-Green Foundation for Anthropological Research. http://www.hazara.net/downloads/docs/obok-ee_bacon-1958.pdf (E.T.: 30.10.2015).
  • BAYRAKLI, Enes (2020). “Söyleşi”, Kriter, Yıl: 5, S.46, s.22-29. https://kriterdergi.com/file/218/soylesi-teoman-durali (E.T.:10.12.2021)
  • BELLEW, Henry Walter (1891). An Inquiry into the Ethnography of Afghanistan, Woking: The Oriental University Institute.
  • BELLEW, Henry Walter (1880). The Races of Afghanistan, Being A Brief Account of the Principal Nations Inhabiting That Country. Calcutta: Thacker, Sprink & Co. http://www.hazara.net/downloads/docs/the_races_of_afghanistan-henry_walter_bellew-1880.pdf (E.T.:24.10.2015).
  • BEVERIDGE, Anette Susannah (1922a). The Babur-nama in English (Memoirs of Babur) C.1. London: Luzac & Co.
  • BEVERIDGE, Anette Susannah (1922b). The Babur-nama in English (Memoirs of Babur) C.2. London: Luzac & Co.
  • BURNES, Alexander (1843). Cabool a personal narrative of a Journey to and residence in that city in the years 1836, 7, and 8. Philadelphia: Carey and Hart. http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t9k36g807;view=1up;seq=94 ( E.T.:25.10.2015).
  • BURNES, Alexander (1834). Travels into Bokhara, a Jurney from India to Cabool, Tartary, and Persia together with a narrative of voyage on the Indus. London: John Murray. https://archive.org/details/travelsintobokh04burngoog (E.T.: 24.10.2015).
  • BOYLE, J. A. (1968). “Dynastic and Political History of the İl-Khans”, The Cambridge History of Iran The Saljuk and Mongol Periods. (ed. J.A.Boyle). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,C.5. http://farsibg.com/library/The_Cambridge_History_of_Iran_Vol.5.pdf (E.T.:29.10.2015). BOYLE, J. A. (1968). “The Socio – Economic Condition of Iran under the Il-Khans”, The Cambridge History of Iran The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. (ed. J. A. Boyle). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. C. 5. DEBETS, G.F.(1970). Physical Anthropology of Afghanistan. (trc. E.V. Prostov, ed. Henry Field). Cambridge – Massachussets: Peabody Museum, C.1. https://ia803408.us.archive.org/33/items/dli.pahar.3388/1970%20Physical%20Anthropology%20of%20Afghanistan%20I-II%20by%20Debets%20s.pdf (E.T.: 21.11.2021)
  • DEHHODA, Aliekber (h.ş. 1377- 1998). Lugatname-i Dehhoda. Tahran: Tahran Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • DUGHLAT, Mirza Muhammad Haidar (1895). Tarikh-i-Rashidi A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia. (edt. by N. Elias - Trns E. Denison Ross). London: Sampson Low, Marston and Company Ltd. https://ia800106.us.archive.org/11/items/tarikhirashidiof00hayd/tarikhirashidiof00hayd.pdf (E.T.:13.11.2021).
  • EBU’L-FAZL Allâmî Fehhâmî bin Mübarek Nâgorî (1891). The Ain-i Akbari. (Farsçadan trc. H.S. Jarret). Calcutta: The Asiatic Society of Bengal, C.2. https://ia802604.us.archive.org/19/items/ainiakbarivolum00mubgoog/ainiakbarivolum00mubgoog.pdf (E.T.: 3.2.2016).
  • FERDINAND, Klaus (1959). Preliminary Notes on Hazara Culture. Kopenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard. FERDINAND, Klaus (1962). “Expansion and Commerce in Central Afghânistân”, Folk. Kopenhagen: ‎ Dansk Etnografisk Tidsskrift, S.4, s. 123-159. https://www.hazara.net/downloads/docs/nomad_expansion_and_commerce_in_central_afghanistan-klaus-ferdinand-1953.pdf (16.11.2021).
  • FERRIER, J.P. (1857). Caravan Journeys and Wanderings in Persia, Afghanistan, Turkistan, and Beloochistan with Historical Notices of the Countries Lying Between Russia and India, ( Fransızcadan trc. William Jesse). London: John Murray. https://archive.org/details/caravanjourneysw00ferrrich. (E.T.: 24.10.2015).
  • FİRDEVSÎ (1994a). Şehnâme C.1. (trc. Necati Lugal). İstanbul: MEB Yayınları.
  • FİRDEVSÎ (1994b). Şehnâme C.2. (trc. Necati Lugal). İstanbul: MEB Yayınları.
  • FOX, Ernest F. (1943). Travels in Afghanistan 1937-1938. New York: Macmillan. http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015058534754;view=1up;seq=11 (E.T.: 26.10.2015).
  • İBN HALDUN (2007). Mukaddime. (trc. Süleyman Uludağ). İstanbul: Dergâh Yayınları.
  • JAHN, Karl (1966). “Cihan tarihçisi Olarak Reşidüddin”, İslam Tetkikleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, (edt. Zeki Velidi Togan). İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları, C.3, Cüz 3-4, 227-236. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/13046 (E.T.9.11.2021). KHAZENI, Arash (2003). “Hazâra i. Historical geography of Hazârajât”, Encylopedia of Iranica, C.12, Fasikül 1, 77-81. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hazara-i (E.T.:25.10.2015).
  • KURTULUŞ, Rıza (1995). “Emîr Hüsrev-i Deihlevî,” TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, C.11, s.135-137. https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/11/C11004098.pdf (E.T.: 12.11.2021). LAL, Munshi Mohan (1846). Travels In The Panjab, Afghanistan And Turkistan, To Balk, Bokhara And Herat, And A Visit To Great Britain And Germany. London: W.M. Hallen.
  • MACMUNN, George (1929). Afghanistan from Darius to Amanullah. London: G.Bell & Sons. http://pahar.in/mountains/1929-afghanistan-from-darius-to-amanullah-by-Macmunn-s-pdf/ (E.T.: 26.10.2015).
  • MORGAN, Gerald (1971). Ney Elias Explorer and envoy extraordinary in High Asia, London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd. https://ia601805.us.archive.org/28/items/dli.pahar.3409/1971%20Ney%20Elias--Explorer%20and%20envoy%20extraordinary%20in%20High%20Asia%20by%20Morgan%20s.pdf (E.T.: 12.11.2021).
  • MOORCRAFT, William – George Trebeck, (1841). Travels in the Himalayan provinces of Hindustan and Punjab, Ladakh and Kashmir, in Peshawar, Kabul, Kunduz and Bokhara,etc. From 1819 – 1825. London: John Murray.
  • MUÎN, Muhammed (h.ş. 1381-2003). Ferheng-i Farisi. Tahran: Edina Yayınları. NİMETULLAH el-HEREVÎ, Hace Habibullah (1836). History of Afghans. (Trn. from Persian by Bernhard Dorn). London: Oriental Translation Fund.
  • NİMETULLAH el-HEREVÎ, Hace Habibullah (1960). Tarîh-i Hân-ı Cihânî ve Mehzen-i Afganistan (تاریخ خان جهانی و مخزن افغانستان). Dhakka: Ziko Press.
  • ÖZGÜDENLİ, Osman Gazi (2008). “Reşîdüddîn Fazlullâh Hemedânî,” TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, C.35, s. 19-21 https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/35/C35011380.pdf (E.T.:10.11.2021).
  • ÖZGÜDENLİ, Osman Gazi (2012). “Vassâf,” TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, C.42, s.558-559. https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/42/C42013813.pdf (E.T.:21.12.2021).
  • PETRUSHEVSKY, I.P. (h.ş.1344-1966). Kişaverzî ve Münâsebât-ı Arzî der İran Ahd-ı Moğol (Kernhây-ı 13 ve 14 Milâdî). (trc.İhsan Terakkî). Tahran: Müsesse-i Mutalaât-ı İctima’î. PETRUSHEVSKY, I.P. (1968). “The Socio – Economic Condition of Iran under the Il-Khans,” The Cambridge History of Iran Volume 5 The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. (ed. J. A. Boyle). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, C.5. http://farsibg.com/library/The_Cambridge_History_of_Iran_Vol.5.pdf (E.T.: 29.10.2015). POLADİ, Hassan (1989). The Hazaras. Caloifornia: Mughal Publishing.
  • REŞÎDÜDDÎN Fazlullâh Hemedânî (h.ş.1374-1994). Câmi’ü’t-tevârîh. (nşr. Muhammed Ruşen – Mustafa Musevî). Tahran: Elburz Yayınevi.
  • RYPKA, J. (1968). “Poets and Prose Writers of the Late Saljuq and Mongol Periods,” The Cambridge History of Iran Volume 5 The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. (ed. J. A. Boyle), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • SEYF el-HEREVÎ, Muhammed b. Yakub (h.ş. 1383-2005). Târîhnâme-i Herat. (tsh. Gulamrıza Tabâtabâîmecd). Tahran: İntişârât-ı Esâtîr.
  • SIDDIQUI, Iqtidar Husain (2002). “Kert,” TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, Ankara: TDV Yayınları, C.25, s. 297. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/kert (E.T.: 27.11.2021).
  • SNESAREV, Andrei Evgenievich (2014). Afghanistan Preparing For The Bolshevik Incursion into Afghanistan and Attack on India 1919-20. (trn. Lester W. Grau – Michael Gress). Warwick: Helion Book.
  • ŞÂMÎ, Nizameddin (h.ş. 1363-1984). Zafernâme Târîh-i Futûhât-ı Emîr Tîmûr Gûrkânî. (thk. Penâhî Simnânî), Tahran: İntişârât-ı Bâmdâd. ŞEHRİSTÂNÎ, Şahali Ekber (h.ş.1361-1981). Kamûs-ı Lehcey-ı Hazaragîy-ı Darî. Kabil: Kabil Üniversitesi Yayınları. THESIGER, Wilfred (1955). “The Hazaras of Central Afghanistan”, The Geographical Journal, Wiley Royal Geographical Society, London, C. 121, S.. 3 (September), s. 312-319, https://doi.org/10.2307/1790895. (E.T.: 12.11.2021).
  • TURBETİ, Ebu Talib Hüseyni (1783). Tuzûkât-ı Tîmûrî. (İngilizce trc. W. Davy). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • UYAR, Mustafa (2012). “İlhanlı Hükümdarlarının İslam’a Girmesinde Rol Alan Türk Sufileri: İlhan Tegüder ve Gazan Han Devirleri”, Belleten, C. 76, S.235, s.7-30. https://belleten.gov.tr/tam-metin/157/tur (E.T.: 27.11.2021).
  • VASSÂF, Şerefüddîn Abdullah b. İzziddîn Fazlillâh b. Ebî Naîm-i Yezdî (h.ş.1346-1984). Târîh-i Vassâf. (nşr. Abdulmuhammed Âyetî). Tahran: İntişârât-ı Bünyâd-ı Ferheng-i İran.
  • VAMBERY, A. (1865). Travels in Central Asia: Being the account of a journey from tehran across the turkoman desert on the easternshore of the Caspian to Khiva, Bokhara, and Samarkand. New York: Harper & Brothers. https://archive.org/details/travelsincentra01vmgoog (E.T.:25.10.2015).
  • VIGNE, G. T. (1843). A Personal Narrative of a Visit to Ghuzni, Kabul, and Afghanistan, and of a Residence at the Court of Dost Mohamed: With Notices of Runjit Sing, Khiva, and the Russian Expedition. London: George Routledge.
  • WOOD, John (1872). A Journey to the Source of the River Oxus, With an Essay on the Geography of Walley Oxus by Colonel Henry Yule. London: John Murray.
  • YEZDÎ, Şerafeddin Ali (Ali b. Muhammed Emin Şemseddin Ali el-Kıreytî et-Tabesî) t.y.. Zafername-i Timur C.1. (thk. Seyyid Said Mir Muhammed Sadık). Tahran: İran Meclis Arşiv ve Müzeler Kütüphanesi. http://ghbook.ir/index.php?option=com_mtree&task=viewlink&link_id=11206&lang=fa# (E.T.:12.1.2016).
  • YÜCEL, Muallâ Uydu (t.y.). Moğollar Tarihi, İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Açık ve Uzaktan Eğitim Fakültesi. https://www.academia.edu/9968967/Mo%C4%9Follar_Tarihi (E.T.: 23.10.2015).
  • YULE (edt.), Henry (1903). The Book of Ser Marco Polo. London: John Murray. https://ia902604.us.archive.org/11/items/bookofsermarcopo001polo/bookofsermarcopo001polo.pdf (E.T.: 2.11.2021)

Hazaraların Sosyo-Kültürel Tarihi Ve Menşei Sorunu

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 307 - 326, 29.11.2022

Öz

Öz
Bu çalışmada, Hazaraların sosyo-kültürel tarihi ve menşei sorunu irdelenerek, kökenleri hakkında öne sürülen muhtelif görüş ve savlar ele alınıp değerlendirilecektir. Türk kavimleri arasında var olduğu düşünülen Hazaralarla ilgili bilgiler, XIII ve XVI’ncı asır Farsça eser kaleme alan tarihçilerin çalışmalarında ilk defa göze çarpmaya başlamıştır. İlhanlılar ve Timurlular hanedanlığı dönemini anlatan kaynakların yanı sıra, keza Bâbür Devleti’nin kurucusu Sultan Zahirüddin Muhammed Bâbür Şah’ın Bâbürnamesinden bilistifade makale teşkil edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Öte yandan son dönem araştırmacılarının eserlerinden de faydalanılarak Hazaraların müstakil bir kol ve boy haline gelme süreci incelenmiştir. Fiziki görünümleri ve sosyo-kültürel alışkanlıkları nedeniyle Türk asıllı veya Türk-Moğol karışımı olduğu düşünülen Hazaraların varlığına, günümüzde ağırlıklı olarak özellikle Afganistan’ın iç ve orta kesimlerinde, Pakistan ve İran’da da tesadüf edilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • ARAT, Reşit Rahmeti (1970a). Baburnâme – Babur’un Hâtıratı- C.1. İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları.
  • ARAT, Reşit Rahmeti (1970b). Baburnâme – Babur’un Hâtıratı- C.2. İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları.
  • ARAT, Reşit Rahmeti (1970c). Baburnâme – Babur’un Hâtıratı- C.3. İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları.
  • BACON, Elizabeth E. (1958). Obok: A Study of the Social Structure in Eurasisa. New York: Werner-Green Foundation for Anthropological Research. http://www.hazara.net/downloads/docs/obok-ee_bacon-1958.pdf (E.T.: 30.10.2015).
  • BAYRAKLI, Enes (2020). “Söyleşi”, Kriter, Yıl: 5, S.46, s.22-29. https://kriterdergi.com/file/218/soylesi-teoman-durali (E.T.:10.12.2021)
  • BELLEW, Henry Walter (1891). An Inquiry into the Ethnography of Afghanistan, Woking: The Oriental University Institute.
  • BELLEW, Henry Walter (1880). The Races of Afghanistan, Being A Brief Account of the Principal Nations Inhabiting That Country. Calcutta: Thacker, Sprink & Co. http://www.hazara.net/downloads/docs/the_races_of_afghanistan-henry_walter_bellew-1880.pdf (E.T.:24.10.2015).
  • BEVERIDGE, Anette Susannah (1922a). The Babur-nama in English (Memoirs of Babur) C.1. London: Luzac & Co.
  • BEVERIDGE, Anette Susannah (1922b). The Babur-nama in English (Memoirs of Babur) C.2. London: Luzac & Co.
  • BURNES, Alexander (1843). Cabool a personal narrative of a Journey to and residence in that city in the years 1836, 7, and 8. Philadelphia: Carey and Hart. http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t9k36g807;view=1up;seq=94 ( E.T.:25.10.2015).
  • BURNES, Alexander (1834). Travels into Bokhara, a Jurney from India to Cabool, Tartary, and Persia together with a narrative of voyage on the Indus. London: John Murray. https://archive.org/details/travelsintobokh04burngoog (E.T.: 24.10.2015).
  • BOYLE, J. A. (1968). “Dynastic and Political History of the İl-Khans”, The Cambridge History of Iran The Saljuk and Mongol Periods. (ed. J.A.Boyle). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,C.5. http://farsibg.com/library/The_Cambridge_History_of_Iran_Vol.5.pdf (E.T.:29.10.2015). BOYLE, J. A. (1968). “The Socio – Economic Condition of Iran under the Il-Khans”, The Cambridge History of Iran The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. (ed. J. A. Boyle). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. C. 5. DEBETS, G.F.(1970). Physical Anthropology of Afghanistan. (trc. E.V. Prostov, ed. Henry Field). Cambridge – Massachussets: Peabody Museum, C.1. https://ia803408.us.archive.org/33/items/dli.pahar.3388/1970%20Physical%20Anthropology%20of%20Afghanistan%20I-II%20by%20Debets%20s.pdf (E.T.: 21.11.2021)
  • DEHHODA, Aliekber (h.ş. 1377- 1998). Lugatname-i Dehhoda. Tahran: Tahran Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • DUGHLAT, Mirza Muhammad Haidar (1895). Tarikh-i-Rashidi A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia. (edt. by N. Elias - Trns E. Denison Ross). London: Sampson Low, Marston and Company Ltd. https://ia800106.us.archive.org/11/items/tarikhirashidiof00hayd/tarikhirashidiof00hayd.pdf (E.T.:13.11.2021).
  • EBU’L-FAZL Allâmî Fehhâmî bin Mübarek Nâgorî (1891). The Ain-i Akbari. (Farsçadan trc. H.S. Jarret). Calcutta: The Asiatic Society of Bengal, C.2. https://ia802604.us.archive.org/19/items/ainiakbarivolum00mubgoog/ainiakbarivolum00mubgoog.pdf (E.T.: 3.2.2016).
  • FERDINAND, Klaus (1959). Preliminary Notes on Hazara Culture. Kopenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard. FERDINAND, Klaus (1962). “Expansion and Commerce in Central Afghânistân”, Folk. Kopenhagen: ‎ Dansk Etnografisk Tidsskrift, S.4, s. 123-159. https://www.hazara.net/downloads/docs/nomad_expansion_and_commerce_in_central_afghanistan-klaus-ferdinand-1953.pdf (16.11.2021).
  • FERRIER, J.P. (1857). Caravan Journeys and Wanderings in Persia, Afghanistan, Turkistan, and Beloochistan with Historical Notices of the Countries Lying Between Russia and India, ( Fransızcadan trc. William Jesse). London: John Murray. https://archive.org/details/caravanjourneysw00ferrrich. (E.T.: 24.10.2015).
  • FİRDEVSÎ (1994a). Şehnâme C.1. (trc. Necati Lugal). İstanbul: MEB Yayınları.
  • FİRDEVSÎ (1994b). Şehnâme C.2. (trc. Necati Lugal). İstanbul: MEB Yayınları.
  • FOX, Ernest F. (1943). Travels in Afghanistan 1937-1938. New York: Macmillan. http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015058534754;view=1up;seq=11 (E.T.: 26.10.2015).
  • İBN HALDUN (2007). Mukaddime. (trc. Süleyman Uludağ). İstanbul: Dergâh Yayınları.
  • JAHN, Karl (1966). “Cihan tarihçisi Olarak Reşidüddin”, İslam Tetkikleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, (edt. Zeki Velidi Togan). İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları, C.3, Cüz 3-4, 227-236. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/13046 (E.T.9.11.2021). KHAZENI, Arash (2003). “Hazâra i. Historical geography of Hazârajât”, Encylopedia of Iranica, C.12, Fasikül 1, 77-81. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hazara-i (E.T.:25.10.2015).
  • KURTULUŞ, Rıza (1995). “Emîr Hüsrev-i Deihlevî,” TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, C.11, s.135-137. https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/11/C11004098.pdf (E.T.: 12.11.2021). LAL, Munshi Mohan (1846). Travels In The Panjab, Afghanistan And Turkistan, To Balk, Bokhara And Herat, And A Visit To Great Britain And Germany. London: W.M. Hallen.
  • MACMUNN, George (1929). Afghanistan from Darius to Amanullah. London: G.Bell & Sons. http://pahar.in/mountains/1929-afghanistan-from-darius-to-amanullah-by-Macmunn-s-pdf/ (E.T.: 26.10.2015).
  • MORGAN, Gerald (1971). Ney Elias Explorer and envoy extraordinary in High Asia, London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd. https://ia601805.us.archive.org/28/items/dli.pahar.3409/1971%20Ney%20Elias--Explorer%20and%20envoy%20extraordinary%20in%20High%20Asia%20by%20Morgan%20s.pdf (E.T.: 12.11.2021).
  • MOORCRAFT, William – George Trebeck, (1841). Travels in the Himalayan provinces of Hindustan and Punjab, Ladakh and Kashmir, in Peshawar, Kabul, Kunduz and Bokhara,etc. From 1819 – 1825. London: John Murray.
  • MUÎN, Muhammed (h.ş. 1381-2003). Ferheng-i Farisi. Tahran: Edina Yayınları. NİMETULLAH el-HEREVÎ, Hace Habibullah (1836). History of Afghans. (Trn. from Persian by Bernhard Dorn). London: Oriental Translation Fund.
  • NİMETULLAH el-HEREVÎ, Hace Habibullah (1960). Tarîh-i Hân-ı Cihânî ve Mehzen-i Afganistan (تاریخ خان جهانی و مخزن افغانستان). Dhakka: Ziko Press.
  • ÖZGÜDENLİ, Osman Gazi (2008). “Reşîdüddîn Fazlullâh Hemedânî,” TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, C.35, s. 19-21 https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/35/C35011380.pdf (E.T.:10.11.2021).
  • ÖZGÜDENLİ, Osman Gazi (2012). “Vassâf,” TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, İstanbul: TDV Yayınları, C.42, s.558-559. https://cdn2.islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/dosya/42/C42013813.pdf (E.T.:21.12.2021).
  • PETRUSHEVSKY, I.P. (h.ş.1344-1966). Kişaverzî ve Münâsebât-ı Arzî der İran Ahd-ı Moğol (Kernhây-ı 13 ve 14 Milâdî). (trc.İhsan Terakkî). Tahran: Müsesse-i Mutalaât-ı İctima’î. PETRUSHEVSKY, I.P. (1968). “The Socio – Economic Condition of Iran under the Il-Khans,” The Cambridge History of Iran Volume 5 The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. (ed. J. A. Boyle). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, C.5. http://farsibg.com/library/The_Cambridge_History_of_Iran_Vol.5.pdf (E.T.: 29.10.2015). POLADİ, Hassan (1989). The Hazaras. Caloifornia: Mughal Publishing.
  • REŞÎDÜDDÎN Fazlullâh Hemedânî (h.ş.1374-1994). Câmi’ü’t-tevârîh. (nşr. Muhammed Ruşen – Mustafa Musevî). Tahran: Elburz Yayınevi.
  • RYPKA, J. (1968). “Poets and Prose Writers of the Late Saljuq and Mongol Periods,” The Cambridge History of Iran Volume 5 The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. (ed. J. A. Boyle), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • SEYF el-HEREVÎ, Muhammed b. Yakub (h.ş. 1383-2005). Târîhnâme-i Herat. (tsh. Gulamrıza Tabâtabâîmecd). Tahran: İntişârât-ı Esâtîr.
  • SIDDIQUI, Iqtidar Husain (2002). “Kert,” TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi, Ankara: TDV Yayınları, C.25, s. 297. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/kert (E.T.: 27.11.2021).
  • SNESAREV, Andrei Evgenievich (2014). Afghanistan Preparing For The Bolshevik Incursion into Afghanistan and Attack on India 1919-20. (trn. Lester W. Grau – Michael Gress). Warwick: Helion Book.
  • ŞÂMÎ, Nizameddin (h.ş. 1363-1984). Zafernâme Târîh-i Futûhât-ı Emîr Tîmûr Gûrkânî. (thk. Penâhî Simnânî), Tahran: İntişârât-ı Bâmdâd. ŞEHRİSTÂNÎ, Şahali Ekber (h.ş.1361-1981). Kamûs-ı Lehcey-ı Hazaragîy-ı Darî. Kabil: Kabil Üniversitesi Yayınları. THESIGER, Wilfred (1955). “The Hazaras of Central Afghanistan”, The Geographical Journal, Wiley Royal Geographical Society, London, C. 121, S.. 3 (September), s. 312-319, https://doi.org/10.2307/1790895. (E.T.: 12.11.2021).
  • TURBETİ, Ebu Talib Hüseyni (1783). Tuzûkât-ı Tîmûrî. (İngilizce trc. W. Davy). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • UYAR, Mustafa (2012). “İlhanlı Hükümdarlarının İslam’a Girmesinde Rol Alan Türk Sufileri: İlhan Tegüder ve Gazan Han Devirleri”, Belleten, C. 76, S.235, s.7-30. https://belleten.gov.tr/tam-metin/157/tur (E.T.: 27.11.2021).
  • VASSÂF, Şerefüddîn Abdullah b. İzziddîn Fazlillâh b. Ebî Naîm-i Yezdî (h.ş.1346-1984). Târîh-i Vassâf. (nşr. Abdulmuhammed Âyetî). Tahran: İntişârât-ı Bünyâd-ı Ferheng-i İran.
  • VAMBERY, A. (1865). Travels in Central Asia: Being the account of a journey from tehran across the turkoman desert on the easternshore of the Caspian to Khiva, Bokhara, and Samarkand. New York: Harper & Brothers. https://archive.org/details/travelsincentra01vmgoog (E.T.:25.10.2015).
  • VIGNE, G. T. (1843). A Personal Narrative of a Visit to Ghuzni, Kabul, and Afghanistan, and of a Residence at the Court of Dost Mohamed: With Notices of Runjit Sing, Khiva, and the Russian Expedition. London: George Routledge.
  • WOOD, John (1872). A Journey to the Source of the River Oxus, With an Essay on the Geography of Walley Oxus by Colonel Henry Yule. London: John Murray.
  • YEZDÎ, Şerafeddin Ali (Ali b. Muhammed Emin Şemseddin Ali el-Kıreytî et-Tabesî) t.y.. Zafername-i Timur C.1. (thk. Seyyid Said Mir Muhammed Sadık). Tahran: İran Meclis Arşiv ve Müzeler Kütüphanesi. http://ghbook.ir/index.php?option=com_mtree&task=viewlink&link_id=11206&lang=fa# (E.T.:12.1.2016).
  • YÜCEL, Muallâ Uydu (t.y.). Moğollar Tarihi, İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Açık ve Uzaktan Eğitim Fakültesi. https://www.academia.edu/9968967/Mo%C4%9Follar_Tarihi (E.T.: 23.10.2015).
  • YULE (edt.), Henry (1903). The Book of Ser Marco Polo. London: John Murray. https://ia902604.us.archive.org/11/items/bookofsermarcopo001polo/bookofsermarcopo001polo.pdf (E.T.: 2.11.2021)
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Özgün Makale
Yazarlar

Sinan İlhan 0000-0002-6480-8688

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Kasım 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Eylül 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA İlhan, S. (2022). Hazaraların Sosyo-Kültürel Tarihi Ve Menşei Sorunu. Uluslararası Halkbilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 307-326.