Oti̇zmli̇ Çocukları Olan Ai̇leleri̇n Stres Düzeyleri̇ni̇ Etki̇leyen Faktörleri̇n İncelenmesi̇

Öz

Bu çalışma, baş etme stratejilerinin, sosyal destek sistemlerinin ve aile dayanıklılık düzeylerinin Türk otizmli çocuk ailelerinin algılanan stres düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kesitsel araştırmanın örneklemini otizm tanısı almış çocuğu olan 213 anne ve 87 baba oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada Algılanan Stres Ölçeği, Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği Kısa Formu, Gözden Geçirilmiş Ebeveyn Sosyal Destek Ölçeği ve Aile Yılmazlık Ölçeği Türkçe Formları kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde normal dağılım incelenmiş ve bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamak için bağımsız değişkenlere dayalı olarak bağımlı değişkeni tahmin etmek için çoklu regresyon analizi tekniklerinde kullanılmıştır. Regresyon analizi, çocuk sayısı ve otizmli çocuğun tanı yaşının aile stres düzeyini pozitif yönde etkilediğini ortaya koymuştur. Tüm bu değişkenler toplam varyansın %14'ünü açıklamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın en önemli bulgularından biri, annelerin stres düzeylerinin babalardan daha yüksek bulunmasıdır. Ebeveynlerin yaşı, eğitimi, gelir düzeyi, otizmli çocuğun doğum sırasındaki sayısı, otizmin fark edilme zamanı, aktif ve pasif baş etme yöntemleri ve aile dayanıklılığı aile stres düzeyini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Ayrıca, otizmli çocuğa sahip ailelerin stres düzeylerini azaltan ve aktif başa çıkma stratejilerini kolaylaştıran psikososyal çalışmalara gereksinim vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Otizm
• Otizmli çocuğu olan aileler
• Stress düzeyleri
• Baş etme biçimleri
• Sosyal destek

Examining the Factors Influencing the Stress Levels in Families of Children with Autism

Öz

This study examines the influence of coping strategies, social support systems and family resilience levels on the perceived stress levels of Turkish families of children with autism. The sample of this cross-sectional study consists of 213 mothers and 87 fathers of children diagnosed with autism. Perceived Stress Scale, Coping Styles Scale Short Form, Revised Parent Social Support Scale and Family Resilience Scale Turkish Forms were used. In the analysis of the data, the normal distribution was examined and used in multiple regression analysis techniques for predicting the dependent variable based on the independent variables to understand the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Regression analysis revealed that the number of children and diagnosis age of the child with autism positively affect the family stress level. All of these variables explained 14% of the total variance. One of the most important findings of this study is that the stress levels of mothers were found to be higher than fathers. Parents' age, education, income level, number in the birth order of child with autism, time of autism noticed, active and passive coping methods and family resiliency negatively affected family stress level. In addition, further study is needed to investigate psychosocial interventions that decrease stress levels and facilitate active coping strategies among families who have children with autism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Autism
• Families of children with autism
• Stress levels
• Coping styles
• Social support

Kaynakça

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