Göç Politikalarının Belirlenmesinde Karşılaştırmalı Tarihsel Bir Analiz: ABD Göç Tecrübesinden (1882-1921) Hareketle Türkiye İçin Politika Önerileri

Öz

Dünya, Türkiye’nin hem transit hem de hedef ülke olma anlamında belirgin bir rol oynadığı yeni bir kitlesel göç dalgası ile karşı karşıyadır. Diğer ülkelerle karşılaştırıldığında, ağır bir maddi yük ile karşı karşıya kalmakta ve bu durum toplumsal alanın diğer boyutlarını da etkisi altına almaktadır. Kitlesel göç hareketlerinin neden olduğu sorunların aşılabilmesi için takip edilecek politikaların gerçekçi bir ekonomik temele oturtulması gerekmektedir. Bu durum 11. ve 12. Kalkınma Planlarında da ele alınmış ve etkin bir göç ve göçmen politikasına ilişkin gereksinim açıkça belirtilmiştir. Bu konuda Türkiye için örnek teşkil edebilecek ülke örneklerini tarihsel süreç içerisinde bulmak mümkündür. Bu çalışmada kitlesel göç hareketlerinin en yoğun yaşandığı 1882-1921 döneminde ABD’de devletin başta iktisadi olmak üzere kendi öncelikleri çerçevesinde hangi göç politikalarını uyguladığı Amerikan Kongre Kayıtlarından hareketle ve kurumsal bir bakış açısıyla ve disiplinler arası bir perspektifle analiz edilmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle Türkiye için gelecekte uygulanabilecek göç politikalarına yönelik politika önerileri geliştirmektir. Çalışmanın bulguları, zamansal ve coğrafi farklılıklara rağmen düzensiz kitlesel göçün benzer ekonomik, politik ve sosyal zorluklara yol açtığını göstermektedir. Önerilen politikaların uygulanabilirliği müteakip çalışmalar için bir esin kaynağı oluşturabilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kitlesel Göç
• Göç Politikası
• ABD
• ABD Kongre Kayıtları
• Türkiye

A Comparative Historical Analysis in Determining Immigration Policies: Policy Recommendations for Türkiye Based on the U.S. Migration Experience (1882-1921)

Öz

The world is experiencing a new wave of mass migration, with Türkiye assuming a prominent role as both a transit and destination country. Türkiye bears a significant financial burden compared to others, impacting various dimensions of the social sphere. Policies must be grounded in a pragmatic economic approach to address challenges arising from mass migration. This matter is also addressed in the 11th and 12th Development Plans, emphasizing the necessity of an effective migration and immigration policy. In historical analysis, several nations have emerged as exemplars that could guide Türkiye. Analyzing the migration policies of the USA during the peak period of mass migration (1882-1921), this study adopts an institutional and interdisciplinary perspective, drawing from the U.S. Congressional Records that provides comprehensive and reliable documentation of the period's policies and their effects. This study aims to formulate policy recommendations for Türkiye's future immigration policies based on its findings. The findings of the study suggest that irregular mass migration, despite temporal and geographical variations, engenders analogous economic, political, and social challenges. The feasibility of the proposed policies may serve as a source of inspiration for subsequent studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mass migration
• Migration policy
• USA
• U.S. Congressional Records
• Türkiye

Kaynakça

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