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Extreme Altitude Mountain Climbing Decreases Sensation Seeking Score and Increases the Anxiety Level

Yıl 2018, , 222 - 234, 24.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.465913

Öz

Background: The aim of the current paper was to compare the anxiety and sensation
seeking levels of the mountaineers in the urban environment and at the
extremely high altitude.

Material and methods: A total of seven male mountaineers participated in the study voluntarily.
The participants filled out the Zuckerman’s Sensation Seeking Scale-Form V
(SSS-V, 1994) and Spielberger’s State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI, 1983)
for the first time in the urban conditions and for the second time in the last
camp at 6400m of the two summits of 7105m and 7134m. The scores of four
different sub-scales of the SSS-V, which are boredom susceptibility (BS),
disinhibition (D), experience seeking (ES), and thrill and adventure seeking
(TAS), were also evaluated.

Results: Results showed a significant difference between trait and state anxiety
scores (p= 0.004). Although there were 12.8% of change on general SSS, 22.61%
on BS, 13.70% on ES, and 18.43% on TAS scores, these changes were not
statistically significant.







Conclusions: Extreme altitude climbing leads to an increase in the anxiety levels
of the mountaineers. Furthermore, the SSS-V scores, except the D score, of the
mountaineers decreased in the extreme altitudes, but these changes were not
statistically significant.

Kaynakça

  • Agilonu, A., Bastug, G., Mutlu, T. O., Pala, A. (2017 Jan). Examining risk-taking behavior and sensation seeking requirement in extreme athletes. Journal of Education and Learning, 6(1):330.
  • Arazi, H., Saedi, T., Izadi, M. (2017). Association of anthropometric, physiologycal and physical traits to success of elite male mountain climbers. Fizička kultura, 71(1):12-20.
  • Barlow, M., Woodman, T., Hardy, L. (2013 Sep). Great expectations: Different high-risk activities satisfy different motives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105(3):458.
  • Beyaz, Ş. (2004). Heyecan arama gereksinimi ve akran baskısının ergenlerin risk alma eğilimleri ile ilişkisi.[The relationship of need for sensation seeking and peer pressure with adolescents tendency for risk taking]. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Billat, V. L., Dupré, M., Karp, J. R., Koralsztein, J. P. (2010 Apr). Mountaineering experience decreases the net oxygen cost of climbing Mont Blanc (4,808 m). European Journal of Applied Physiology, 108(6):1209-16.
  • Bolmont, B., Bouquet, C., Thullier, F. (2001). Relationship of personality traits with performance in RT, psychomotor ability, and mental efficiency during a 31-day simulated climb of Mount Everest in a hypobaric chamber. Percept Mot Skills, 92(3 Pt 2).
  • Bolmont, B., Thullier, F., Abraini, J. H. (2000 Dec). Relationships between mood states and performances in reaction time, psychomotor ability, and mental efficiency during a 31-day gradual decompression in a hypobaric chamber from sea level to 8848 m equivalent altitude. Physiology & Behaviour, 71(5):469-76.
  • Breivik, G. (1999). Sensation seeking in sport. Oslo, Norway: Norwegian School of Sport Sciences.
  • Brymer, E. (2010 Jan). Risk taking in extreme sports: A phenomenological perspective. Annals of Leisure Research, 13(1-2):218-38.
  • Buela-Casal, G., Guillén-Riquelme, A. (2017 Sep). Short form of the Spanish adaptation of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 17(3):261-8.
  • Burnik, S., Jug, S., Kajtna, T. (2008 Sep). Sensation seeking in Slovenian female and male mountain climbers. Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis, Gymnica, 1;38(3).
  • Burtscher, M. (2004 Oct). Exercise capacity for mountaineering: how much is necessary? Research in Sports Medicine, 12(4):241-50.
  • Burtscher, M., Gatterer, H., Domej, W. (2009 Mar). Physiological basis to climb Mt. Everest in one day. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, 166(1):3.
  • Castanier, C., Scanff, C. L., Woodman, T. (2010 Oct). Beyond sensation seeking: Affect regulation as a framework for predicting risk-taking behaviors in high-risk sport. Journal of Sport And Exercise Psychology, 32(5):731-8.
  • Cronin, C. (1991 Jan). Sensation seeking among mountain climbers. Personality and Individual Differences, 12(6):653-4.
  • Crust, L., Swann, C., Allen-Collinson, J. (2016 Dec). The thin line: A phenomenological study of mental toughness and decision making in elite high-altitude mountaineers. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 38(6):598-611.
  • Curtis, R. (1995). Outdoor action guide to high altitude: Acclimatization and illnesses. Princeton NJ, Outdoor Action Program.
  • Demirhan, G., Asci F. H., Kangalgil, M., Saracbasi, O. (2014). Perception of risk and attractiveness of extreme sports among Turkish University students. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 25(1):11-22.
  • Ehrman, J. K., Dejong, A., Sanderson, B., Swain, D., Swank, A., Womack, C. (2010). ACSM’S resource manual for guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (6th ed.). Baltimore MD: Wolters Kluver - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Ewert, A. W. (1994 Jan). Playing the edge: Motivation and risk taking in a high-altitude wilderness like environment. Environment and Behavior, 26(1):3-24.
  • Guszkowska, M., Bołdak, A. (2010 Sep). Sensation seeking in males involved in recreational high risk sports. Biology of Sport, 27(3):157-162.
  • Inbar, O., Bar-Or, O., Skinner, J. S. (1996). The Wingate anaerobic test. Champaign, IL, Human Kinetics.
  • Jack, S. J., Ronan K. R. (1998, Dec). Sensation seeking among high-and low-risk sports participants. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(6):1063-83.
  • Karinen, H. M., Tuomisto, M. T. (2017 Sep). Performance, mood, and anxiety during a climb of Mount Everest. High Altitude Medicine & Biology.
  • Kerr, J. H. (1991 Jan). Arousal-seeking in risk sport participants. Personality and Individual Differences, 12(6):613-6.
  • Klinar, P., Burnik, S., Kajtna, T. (2017 Mar). Personality and sensation seeking in high-risk sports. Acta Gymnica, 47(1):41-8.
  • Latshang, T. D., Turk, A. J., Hess, T., Schoch, O. D., Bosch, M. M., Barthelmes, D., Merz, T. M., Hefti, U., Pichler Hefti J., Maggiorini M., Bloch K. E. (2013 Aug). Acclimatization improves submaximal exercise economy at 5533 m. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 23(4):458-67.
  • Legaz-Arrese, A., Munguía-Izquierdo, D., Carranza-García, L. E., Torres-Dávila, C. G. (2011 Mar). Validity of the Wingate anaerobic test for the evaluation of elite runners. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(3):819-24.
  • Levenson, M. R. (1990 Jun). Risk taking and personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(6):1073.
  • Lök S, İnce A, Lök N. Beden Eğitimi Spor Yüksekokulu Özel Yetenek Sınavına Girecek Adayların Kaygı Durumlarının Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi. Niğde Üniversitesi, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, Niğde. 2008;2(2).
  • Lozano, L. M., Megías, A., Catena, A., Perales, J. C., Baltruschat, S., Cándido, A. (2017). Spanish validation of the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (DOSPERT-30) Scale. Psicothema, 29(1).
  • Martens, R., Vealey, R. S., Burton, D. (1990). Competitive anxiety in sport. Human kinetics.
  • Martha, C., Sanchez, X., Gomà-i-Freixanet, M. (2009 Jan). Risk perception as a function of risk exposure amongst rock climbers. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10(1):193-200.
  • Medina, J. A., Torres, P. A. (2017). Efectos de la hipoxia en montañeros expuestos a altitudes extremas/Effects of hypoxia on mountaineers exposed to extreme altitudes. Apunts. Educació Física i Esports, 1(127):44.
  • Monasterio, E., Alamri, Y. A., Mei-Dan, O. (2014 Jun). Personality characteristics in a population of mountain climbers. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, 25(2):214-9.
  • Nelson, M. (1982 Feb). Psychological testing at high altitudes. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 53(2):122-126.
  • Oner, N., Le Compte, A. (1985). Durumluk-Surekli kaygi envanteri el kitabi. Istanbul: Boğaziçi Yayinları.
  • Özdemir, E. (2007). Antisosyal kişilik bozukluğunda heyecan arama davranışı ile serum seks steroidleri düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi.[Investigation of the relationship between the excitement seeking behavior and serum sex steroid levels in antisocial personality disorder] (Thesis in Medicine), Gülhane Askeri Tıp Akademisi, Askeri Tıp Fakültesi, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Pereira, A. L. (2005 Jan). The experience of risk in high-altitude climbing. World Leisure Journal, 47(2):38-49.
  • Prochniak, P. (2017). Wilderness Courage Scale (WCS). Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments, 13(1):2.
  • Rabinowitz, E., Frauman, E. D. (2009 Oct). A preliminary investigation of sensation-seeking and risk-based recreation among college students: Implications for intramural and outdoor programs. Recreational Sports Journal, 33(2):109-18.
  • Rossi, B., Cereatti, L. (1993 Oct). The sensation seeking in mountain athletes as assessed by Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale. International Journal of sport psychology, 24(4):417-431.
  • Roth, W. T., Gomolla, A., Meuret, A. E., Alpers, G. W., Handke, E. M., Wilhelm, F. H. (2002 Jan). High altitudes, anxiety, and panic attacks: is there a relationship? Depression and Anxiety, 16(2):51-8.
  • Salameh, P., Salamé, J., Waked, M., Barbour, B., Zeidan, N., Baldi, I. (2014 Jul). Risk perception, motives and behaviours in university students. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 19(3):279-92.
  • Slanger, E., Rudestam, K. E. (1997 Sep). Motivation and disinhibition in high risk sports: Sensation seeking and self-efficacy. Journal of Research in Personality, 31(3):355-74.
  • Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P., Jacobs, G. (1983). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory (Palo Alto, CA, Consulting Psychologists Press). Inc.
  • Stranger, M. (1999 Sep). The aesthetics of risk: A study of surfing. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 34(3):265-76.
  • Thomson, C. J., Power, R. J., Carlson, S.R., Rupert, J.L., Michel, G. (2015 Nov). A comparison of genetic variants between proficient low-and high-risk sport participants. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(18):1861-70.
  • Van der Bij, A. K., De Weerd, S., Cikot, R. J., Steegers, E.A., Braspenning, J.C. (2003). Validation of the Dutch short form of the state scale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: considerations for usage in screening outcomes. Public Health Genomics, 6(2):84-7.
  • Xu, L., Wu, Y., Zhao, T., Liu, S. H., Zhu, L. L., Fan, M., Wu, K. W. (2014 Mar). Effect of high altitude hypoxia on cognitive flexibility. Chinese Journal of Applied Physiology, 30(2):106-9.
  • Yarım, I., Günay, M. (2010). Investigation of relationship between different distance roller skiing performance and anaerobic power in cross country skiers. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(4):15-22.
  • Zarevski, P., Marušić, I., Zolotić, S., Bunjevac, T., Vukosav, Ž. (1998 Oct). Contribution of Arnett's inventory of sensation seeking and Zuckerman's sensation seeking scale to the differentiation of athletes engaged in high and low risk sports. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(4):763-8.
  • Zarzeczny, R., Podleśny, M., Polak, A. (2013 Sep). Anaerobic capacity of amateur mountain bikers during the first half of the competition season. Biology of Sport, 30(3):189.
  • Zuckerman, M. (1994 Jun). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. Cambridge University Press, 24.

Extreme Altitude Mountain Climbing Decreases Sensation Seeking Score and Increases the Anxiety Level

Yıl 2018, , 222 - 234, 24.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.465913

Öz


Kaynakça

  • Agilonu, A., Bastug, G., Mutlu, T. O., Pala, A. (2017 Jan). Examining risk-taking behavior and sensation seeking requirement in extreme athletes. Journal of Education and Learning, 6(1):330.
  • Arazi, H., Saedi, T., Izadi, M. (2017). Association of anthropometric, physiologycal and physical traits to success of elite male mountain climbers. Fizička kultura, 71(1):12-20.
  • Barlow, M., Woodman, T., Hardy, L. (2013 Sep). Great expectations: Different high-risk activities satisfy different motives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105(3):458.
  • Beyaz, Ş. (2004). Heyecan arama gereksinimi ve akran baskısının ergenlerin risk alma eğilimleri ile ilişkisi.[The relationship of need for sensation seeking and peer pressure with adolescents tendency for risk taking]. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Billat, V. L., Dupré, M., Karp, J. R., Koralsztein, J. P. (2010 Apr). Mountaineering experience decreases the net oxygen cost of climbing Mont Blanc (4,808 m). European Journal of Applied Physiology, 108(6):1209-16.
  • Bolmont, B., Bouquet, C., Thullier, F. (2001). Relationship of personality traits with performance in RT, psychomotor ability, and mental efficiency during a 31-day simulated climb of Mount Everest in a hypobaric chamber. Percept Mot Skills, 92(3 Pt 2).
  • Bolmont, B., Thullier, F., Abraini, J. H. (2000 Dec). Relationships between mood states and performances in reaction time, psychomotor ability, and mental efficiency during a 31-day gradual decompression in a hypobaric chamber from sea level to 8848 m equivalent altitude. Physiology & Behaviour, 71(5):469-76.
  • Breivik, G. (1999). Sensation seeking in sport. Oslo, Norway: Norwegian School of Sport Sciences.
  • Brymer, E. (2010 Jan). Risk taking in extreme sports: A phenomenological perspective. Annals of Leisure Research, 13(1-2):218-38.
  • Buela-Casal, G., Guillén-Riquelme, A. (2017 Sep). Short form of the Spanish adaptation of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 17(3):261-8.
  • Burnik, S., Jug, S., Kajtna, T. (2008 Sep). Sensation seeking in Slovenian female and male mountain climbers. Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis, Gymnica, 1;38(3).
  • Burtscher, M. (2004 Oct). Exercise capacity for mountaineering: how much is necessary? Research in Sports Medicine, 12(4):241-50.
  • Burtscher, M., Gatterer, H., Domej, W. (2009 Mar). Physiological basis to climb Mt. Everest in one day. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, 166(1):3.
  • Castanier, C., Scanff, C. L., Woodman, T. (2010 Oct). Beyond sensation seeking: Affect regulation as a framework for predicting risk-taking behaviors in high-risk sport. Journal of Sport And Exercise Psychology, 32(5):731-8.
  • Cronin, C. (1991 Jan). Sensation seeking among mountain climbers. Personality and Individual Differences, 12(6):653-4.
  • Crust, L., Swann, C., Allen-Collinson, J. (2016 Dec). The thin line: A phenomenological study of mental toughness and decision making in elite high-altitude mountaineers. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 38(6):598-611.
  • Curtis, R. (1995). Outdoor action guide to high altitude: Acclimatization and illnesses. Princeton NJ, Outdoor Action Program.
  • Demirhan, G., Asci F. H., Kangalgil, M., Saracbasi, O. (2014). Perception of risk and attractiveness of extreme sports among Turkish University students. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 25(1):11-22.
  • Ehrman, J. K., Dejong, A., Sanderson, B., Swain, D., Swank, A., Womack, C. (2010). ACSM’S resource manual for guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (6th ed.). Baltimore MD: Wolters Kluver - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Ewert, A. W. (1994 Jan). Playing the edge: Motivation and risk taking in a high-altitude wilderness like environment. Environment and Behavior, 26(1):3-24.
  • Guszkowska, M., Bołdak, A. (2010 Sep). Sensation seeking in males involved in recreational high risk sports. Biology of Sport, 27(3):157-162.
  • Inbar, O., Bar-Or, O., Skinner, J. S. (1996). The Wingate anaerobic test. Champaign, IL, Human Kinetics.
  • Jack, S. J., Ronan K. R. (1998, Dec). Sensation seeking among high-and low-risk sports participants. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(6):1063-83.
  • Karinen, H. M., Tuomisto, M. T. (2017 Sep). Performance, mood, and anxiety during a climb of Mount Everest. High Altitude Medicine & Biology.
  • Kerr, J. H. (1991 Jan). Arousal-seeking in risk sport participants. Personality and Individual Differences, 12(6):613-6.
  • Klinar, P., Burnik, S., Kajtna, T. (2017 Mar). Personality and sensation seeking in high-risk sports. Acta Gymnica, 47(1):41-8.
  • Latshang, T. D., Turk, A. J., Hess, T., Schoch, O. D., Bosch, M. M., Barthelmes, D., Merz, T. M., Hefti, U., Pichler Hefti J., Maggiorini M., Bloch K. E. (2013 Aug). Acclimatization improves submaximal exercise economy at 5533 m. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 23(4):458-67.
  • Legaz-Arrese, A., Munguía-Izquierdo, D., Carranza-García, L. E., Torres-Dávila, C. G. (2011 Mar). Validity of the Wingate anaerobic test for the evaluation of elite runners. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(3):819-24.
  • Levenson, M. R. (1990 Jun). Risk taking and personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(6):1073.
  • Lök S, İnce A, Lök N. Beden Eğitimi Spor Yüksekokulu Özel Yetenek Sınavına Girecek Adayların Kaygı Durumlarının Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi. Niğde Üniversitesi, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, Niğde. 2008;2(2).
  • Lozano, L. M., Megías, A., Catena, A., Perales, J. C., Baltruschat, S., Cándido, A. (2017). Spanish validation of the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (DOSPERT-30) Scale. Psicothema, 29(1).
  • Martens, R., Vealey, R. S., Burton, D. (1990). Competitive anxiety in sport. Human kinetics.
  • Martha, C., Sanchez, X., Gomà-i-Freixanet, M. (2009 Jan). Risk perception as a function of risk exposure amongst rock climbers. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10(1):193-200.
  • Medina, J. A., Torres, P. A. (2017). Efectos de la hipoxia en montañeros expuestos a altitudes extremas/Effects of hypoxia on mountaineers exposed to extreme altitudes. Apunts. Educació Física i Esports, 1(127):44.
  • Monasterio, E., Alamri, Y. A., Mei-Dan, O. (2014 Jun). Personality characteristics in a population of mountain climbers. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, 25(2):214-9.
  • Nelson, M. (1982 Feb). Psychological testing at high altitudes. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 53(2):122-126.
  • Oner, N., Le Compte, A. (1985). Durumluk-Surekli kaygi envanteri el kitabi. Istanbul: Boğaziçi Yayinları.
  • Özdemir, E. (2007). Antisosyal kişilik bozukluğunda heyecan arama davranışı ile serum seks steroidleri düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi.[Investigation of the relationship between the excitement seeking behavior and serum sex steroid levels in antisocial personality disorder] (Thesis in Medicine), Gülhane Askeri Tıp Akademisi, Askeri Tıp Fakültesi, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Pereira, A. L. (2005 Jan). The experience of risk in high-altitude climbing. World Leisure Journal, 47(2):38-49.
  • Prochniak, P. (2017). Wilderness Courage Scale (WCS). Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments, 13(1):2.
  • Rabinowitz, E., Frauman, E. D. (2009 Oct). A preliminary investigation of sensation-seeking and risk-based recreation among college students: Implications for intramural and outdoor programs. Recreational Sports Journal, 33(2):109-18.
  • Rossi, B., Cereatti, L. (1993 Oct). The sensation seeking in mountain athletes as assessed by Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale. International Journal of sport psychology, 24(4):417-431.
  • Roth, W. T., Gomolla, A., Meuret, A. E., Alpers, G. W., Handke, E. M., Wilhelm, F. H. (2002 Jan). High altitudes, anxiety, and panic attacks: is there a relationship? Depression and Anxiety, 16(2):51-8.
  • Salameh, P., Salamé, J., Waked, M., Barbour, B., Zeidan, N., Baldi, I. (2014 Jul). Risk perception, motives and behaviours in university students. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 19(3):279-92.
  • Slanger, E., Rudestam, K. E. (1997 Sep). Motivation and disinhibition in high risk sports: Sensation seeking and self-efficacy. Journal of Research in Personality, 31(3):355-74.
  • Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P., Jacobs, G. (1983). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory (Palo Alto, CA, Consulting Psychologists Press). Inc.
  • Stranger, M. (1999 Sep). The aesthetics of risk: A study of surfing. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 34(3):265-76.
  • Thomson, C. J., Power, R. J., Carlson, S.R., Rupert, J.L., Michel, G. (2015 Nov). A comparison of genetic variants between proficient low-and high-risk sport participants. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(18):1861-70.
  • Van der Bij, A. K., De Weerd, S., Cikot, R. J., Steegers, E.A., Braspenning, J.C. (2003). Validation of the Dutch short form of the state scale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: considerations for usage in screening outcomes. Public Health Genomics, 6(2):84-7.
  • Xu, L., Wu, Y., Zhao, T., Liu, S. H., Zhu, L. L., Fan, M., Wu, K. W. (2014 Mar). Effect of high altitude hypoxia on cognitive flexibility. Chinese Journal of Applied Physiology, 30(2):106-9.
  • Yarım, I., Günay, M. (2010). Investigation of relationship between different distance roller skiing performance and anaerobic power in cross country skiers. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(4):15-22.
  • Zarevski, P., Marušić, I., Zolotić, S., Bunjevac, T., Vukosav, Ž. (1998 Oct). Contribution of Arnett's inventory of sensation seeking and Zuckerman's sensation seeking scale to the differentiation of athletes engaged in high and low risk sports. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(4):763-8.
  • Zarzeczny, R., Podleśny, M., Polak, A. (2013 Sep). Anaerobic capacity of amateur mountain bikers during the first half of the competition season. Biology of Sport, 30(3):189.
  • Zuckerman, M. (1994 Jun). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. Cambridge University Press, 24.
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Dicle Aras 0000-0002-9443-9860

Fırat Akça 0000-0002-0764-105X

Özkan Güler 0000-0002-3312-9746

Abdulkadir Birol 0000-0002-3312-9746

Göktuğ Ertetik 0000-0001-6143-8485

Güney Çetinkaya Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-1757-5105

Cengiz Akalan 0000-0001-7669-3358

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Aralık 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Eylül 2018
Kabul Tarihi 20 Aralık 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018

Kaynak Göster

APA Aras, D., Akça, F., Güler, Ö., Birol, A., vd. (2018). Extreme Altitude Mountain Climbing Decreases Sensation Seeking Score and Increases the Anxiety Level. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 222-234. https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.465913
AMA Aras D, Akça F, Güler Ö, Birol A, Ertetik G, Çetinkaya G, Akalan C. Extreme Altitude Mountain Climbing Decreases Sensation Seeking Score and Increases the Anxiety Level. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi. Aralık 2018;1(2):222-234. doi:10.35235/uicd.465913
Chicago Aras, Dicle, Fırat Akça, Özkan Güler, Abdulkadir Birol, Göktuğ Ertetik, Güney Çetinkaya, ve Cengiz Akalan. “Extreme Altitude Mountain Climbing Decreases Sensation Seeking Score and Increases the Anxiety Level”. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi 1, sy. 2 (Aralık 2018): 222-34. https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.465913.
EndNote Aras D, Akça F, Güler Ö, Birol A, Ertetik G, Çetinkaya G, Akalan C (01 Aralık 2018) Extreme Altitude Mountain Climbing Decreases Sensation Seeking Score and Increases the Anxiety Level. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi 1 2 222–234.
IEEE D. Aras, F. Akça, Ö. Güler, A. Birol, G. Ertetik, G. Çetinkaya, ve C. Akalan, “Extreme Altitude Mountain Climbing Decreases Sensation Seeking Score and Increases the Anxiety Level”, Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 1, sy. 2, ss. 222–234, 2018, doi: 10.35235/uicd.465913.
ISNAD Aras, Dicle vd. “Extreme Altitude Mountain Climbing Decreases Sensation Seeking Score and Increases the Anxiety Level”. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi 1/2 (Aralık 2018), 222-234. https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.465913.
JAMA Aras D, Akça F, Güler Ö, Birol A, Ertetik G, Çetinkaya G, Akalan C. Extreme Altitude Mountain Climbing Decreases Sensation Seeking Score and Increases the Anxiety Level. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2018;1:222–234.
MLA Aras, Dicle vd. “Extreme Altitude Mountain Climbing Decreases Sensation Seeking Score and Increases the Anxiety Level”. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 1, sy. 2, 2018, ss. 222-34, doi:10.35235/uicd.465913.
Vancouver Aras D, Akça F, Güler Ö, Birol A, Ertetik G, Çetinkaya G, Akalan C. Extreme Altitude Mountain Climbing Decreases Sensation Seeking Score and Increases the Anxiety Level. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2018;1(2):222-34.

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