Araştırma Makalesi
İç İçe Geçmiş Kaderler: V. S. Naipaul’un In A Free State Romanında Yerel Halkların ve Çevrenin Sömürgeleştirilmesi
Öz
Sömürgecilik sonrası ekolojiler sıklıkla gözardı edilmiş insan-dışı varlıklara, ekolojik felaketlere ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki kaynakların eşitsiz dağılımına ve atık maddelere odaklanarak, edebi eserlerin çevreci boyutlarına dikkat çekmektedirler. Sömürgelerin çözülme süreci sömürülen ülkelerdeki yoksulluk, yozlaşma, kirlilik, düzensizlik ve benzeri olguları çözüme kavuşturmamış, sömürgecilik sonrası ülkelerde gittikçe kötüleşen çevre ve insan sorunlarına farklılık yaratacak bir çözüm geliştirememiştir. Bu durumu Trinidad kökenli İngiliz yazar V. S. Naipaul’un In a Free State romanında gözlemlemek mümkündür. Roman çevre problemlerinin ve sosyal meselelerin yerel hakların kaderi üzerinde doğrudan etkilerinin devam ettiğini canlı bir şekilde göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışma sömürgecilik sonrası toplumlarda çevre ve yerel halkların kaderinin nasıl içiçe geçtiğini Naipaul’un romanı üzerinden değerlendirmektedir. Çalışma sömürgecilik sonrası ekolojiler üzerine odaklanarak, Naipaul’un yerel halklar ve sömürgecilik biçimleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ve etkileri romanında nasıl tasvir ettiği üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Çalışma bir yandan yerel hakların merkezi konumlarını modern sömürgecilik bağlamında ele alırken, öte yandan sömürgecilik sonrası bağlamda ortaya çıkan çevresel bozulmaların sürekliliğinin altını çizmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Afzal, A. (2017). Ecocritical Post-colonial Studies on Humans, Land, and Animals. (Master’s Thesis). University of Northern Iowa.
- Biderci Dinç, D. (2018). A Postcolonial Ecocritical Readings of Sea of Poppies by Amitav Gosh, An Atlas of Impossible Longing by Anuradha Roy and A River Sutra by Gita Mehta. (Doctoral Dissertation). Erciyes University, Institue of Social Sciences, Department of English Language and Literature. Kayseri.
- Curtin, D. (2005). Environmental Ethics for a Postcolonial World. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.
- Fanon, F. (2004). The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press.
- Grove, R. H. (1998). Ecology, Climate and Empire: The Indian Legacy in Global Environmental History, 1400-1940. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
- Guha, R. (1996). Two Phases of American Environmentalism: A Critical History. In Frédérique Apffel-Marglin and Stephen A. Marglin (Eds.), Decolonizing Knowledge: From Development to Dialogue. (pp.110-141). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Guha, R. (2018). Radical American Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation: A Third World Critique. In Jeff Wagner (Ed.), Environmental Readings Volume 1: Humans Relationships With Nature (pp. 37-39). Groundwork Education.
- Huggan, G., Tiffin, H. (2015). Postcolonial Ecocriticism: Literature, Animals, Environment. Second Edition. London and New York: Routledge.
- Hutcheon, L. (1993). Eruptions of Postmodernity: The Postcolonial and the Ecological. Essays on Canadian Writing, (51), 146-163.
- Mount, D., O’Brien, S. (2013). Postcolonialism and the Environment. In Graham Huggan (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Postcolonial Studies (pp. 521-539). New York: Oxford University Press,
- Naipaul, V. S. (2002) In a Free State. New York: Vintage Books.
- Singh, V. D. (1988). V. S. Naipaul: An Exile at Home. (Doctoral Dissertation). Department of English, Southern Illinois University.
- Tiffin, H. (2007). Five Emus to the King of Siam: Environment and Empire. Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi.
Intertwined Destinies: Colonization of Indigenious Peoples and Environment in V. S. Naipaul’s in a Free State
Öz
Postcolonial ecologies direct our attention to the specially environmental dimensions of literary works by focusing on the often overlooked nonhuman elements, ecological disasters and the inequitable distribution of resources and waste in developing nations. Decolonization has not solved the problems of poverty, corruption, pollution, disorder, and other vices that characterized colonial countries and has brought about little or no significant difference to the predicament of the environment and the masses in postcolonial countries. This situation is vividly demonstrated in Trinidadian-British writer V. S. Naipual’s In a Free State in which environmental problems as well as social issues continue to directly bear on the destiny of indigenous peoples. In this respect, this study discusses how the fate of the environment and indigenous peoples are intertwined, particularly in postcolonial societies with reference to the work of V.S. Naipaul’s novel. The paper engages with the subject of postcolonial ecologies in discussing the relationship between indigenous peoples and the forms of colonization and its impacts that Naipaul describes in the novel. The paper establishes the centrality of indigenous peoples to the modern colonial context while underscoring the continuity of its resulting environmental degradation in the postcolonial context.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Afzal, A. (2017). Ecocritical Post-colonial Studies on Humans, Land, and Animals. (Master’s Thesis). University of Northern Iowa.
- Biderci Dinç, D. (2018). A Postcolonial Ecocritical Readings of Sea of Poppies by Amitav Gosh, An Atlas of Impossible Longing by Anuradha Roy and A River Sutra by Gita Mehta. (Doctoral Dissertation). Erciyes University, Institue of Social Sciences, Department of English Language and Literature. Kayseri.
- Curtin, D. (2005). Environmental Ethics for a Postcolonial World. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.
- Fanon, F. (2004). The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press.
- Grove, R. H. (1998). Ecology, Climate and Empire: The Indian Legacy in Global Environmental History, 1400-1940. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
- Guha, R. (1996). Two Phases of American Environmentalism: A Critical History. In Frédérique Apffel-Marglin and Stephen A. Marglin (Eds.), Decolonizing Knowledge: From Development to Dialogue. (pp.110-141). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Guha, R. (2018). Radical American Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation: A Third World Critique. In Jeff Wagner (Ed.), Environmental Readings Volume 1: Humans Relationships With Nature (pp. 37-39). Groundwork Education.
- Huggan, G., Tiffin, H. (2015). Postcolonial Ecocriticism: Literature, Animals, Environment. Second Edition. London and New York: Routledge.
- Hutcheon, L. (1993). Eruptions of Postmodernity: The Postcolonial and the Ecological. Essays on Canadian Writing, (51), 146-163.
- Mount, D., O’Brien, S. (2013). Postcolonialism and the Environment. In Graham Huggan (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Postcolonial Studies (pp. 521-539). New York: Oxford University Press,
- Naipaul, V. S. (2002) In a Free State. New York: Vintage Books.
- Singh, V. D. (1988). V. S. Naipaul: An Exile at Home. (Doctoral Dissertation). Department of English, Southern Illinois University.
- Tiffin, H. (2007). Five Emus to the King of Siam: Environment and Empire. Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi.
Toplam 13 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sanat ve Edebiyat |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 25 Aralık 2020 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 13 Ağustos 2020 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 29 Eylül 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 6 |
