Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Popülizm Bağlamında Avusturya Özgürlük Partisi (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs – FPÖ) ve Yabancı Düşmanlığı

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 8, 152 - 178, 25.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.881332

Öz

Son yıllarda Avrupa genelinde aşırı sağ hareketlerin, yabancı düşmanlığının, ırkçılığın ve dini ayrılıkçılığın arttığı görülmüştür. Özellikle mültecilerin Avrupa'ya gelmesiyle birlikte, Avrupa'daki yabancı düşmanlığı ve Müslüman aleyhtarı muhalefet daha da belirginleşmekte ve bu sorun gün geçtikçe daha ciddi bir hal almaktadır. Bu kapsamda Avusturya ise aşırı sağcı bir siyasi partinin iktidara gelmesine izin vermiştir. Özellikle son yıllarda yabancı düşmanı, göçmen karşıtı ve Müslüman karşıtı söylemler üzerinden güç kazanan Avusturya’daki bu popülist Avusturya Özgürlük Partisi dikkatleri üzerine çekmekte ve kışkırtıcı bir dil kullanmaktadır. FPÖ, milliyetçi ve popülist yönleriyle; göç, Müslüman karşıtı ve yabancı karşıtı unsurları içeren popülist bir söylemsel strateji izlemektedir. Homojen popülizmi savunan Avusturya Özgürlük Partisi, ayrıca Avrupa Birliği/düzen karşıtı söylem ve stratejilerle ivme kazanmıştır.
Söylemlere merkezi bir rol veren bu çalışmanın amacı Avusturya’daki popülist aşırı sağın yükselişinin mümkün olduğunca kapsamlı bir analizini yapmaktadır. Avusturya’nın seçilmesinin gerekçesi; bu ülkenin tarihinde aşırı sağın, aşırı sağın tarihinde de Avusturya’nın çok özel bir yeri bulunmasıdır.
Bu çalışmada, Avusturya Özgürlük Partisinin Avusturya siyaseti bağlamındaki söyleminin milliyetçi ve popülist unsurları Eleştirel Söylem Analizi (Critical Discourse Analysis) yoluyla irdelenecek, muhtelif yönleriyle mukayese edilecektir. Eleştirel Söylem Analizi yoluyla yapılacak irdeleme ve mukayese 2001-2019 yılları arası dönemi kapsayacaktır. Çalışma, alanında metodolojik özgünlüğü taşımakla birlikte Avusturya’daki bu popülist aşırı sağ partinin söylemlerini nasıl meşrulaştırdıklarını ortaya koyacak ve alana güncel bir katkı sağlayacaktır. Ampirik olarak incelenecek Avusturya Özgürlük Partisinin resmi web siteleri, parti programları, kamuya açık konuşmaları, sosyal medya söylemleri, konuyla ilgili makaleler ve gazete içerikleri de nazara alınacaktır. Analiz konusu bu parti için önde gelen ve etkili bir politikacı mercek altına alınacaktır. Ancak ana odağın bireysel politikacıların söylemi olduğu izlenimini önlemek için, bu partinin diğer üyelerinin bazı söylem parçalarının yanı sıra parti programları gibi daha genel söylemsel materyaller de analize tabi tutulacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Allen, C. (2010). Islamophobia. Farnham: Ashgate.
  • Anadolu Ajansı (2017). “Avusturya'da tartışmalı yabancılar yasası yürürlükte”, Anadolu Ajansı, 1 Kasım, 2017. http://aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/avusturya-da-tartismali-yabancilar-yasasi-yururlukte/953730 [10.05.2019].
  • Art, D. (2011). Inside the radical right: The development of anti-immigrant parties in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bunzl, M., (2005), “Between anti-Semitism and Islamophobia: Some Thoughts on the New Europe”, American Ethnologist, Vol. 32, No.4, ss.499-508.
  • Canovan, M. (1999). “Trust the people! Populism and the two faces of democracy”. Political Studies, 47(1), 2–16.
  • Cutts, D.C., Ford, R. ve Goodwin, M.J. (2011). Anti-Immigrant, Politically Disaffected or Still Racist After All? Examining the Attitudinal Drivers of Extreme Right Suppert in Britain in the 2009 European Elections. European Journal of Political Research, 50 (3), 418-440.
  • Deiwiks, C. (2009). Populism. Living Reviews in Democracy, http://www.living reviews.org/lrd-2009
  • FPÖ (2010) Sagen aus Wien. http://www.hcstrache.at/home/?id=80 [11.05.2019]
  • FPÖ (2011). Party Programme of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ), (2011), www.FPÖe.at [16.04.2019]
  • FPÖ Kampanya Posteri (2012): “Duel over Vienna. You have the Choice’ (Duellum Wien”. Sie haben die Wahl), 2005 Kaynak: http://www.hcstrache.at/downloads/folder_duellumVienna.pdf [15.01.2019]
  • FPÖ Kampanya Posteri (2009): “Out with Mosques and Minarets’ (Aus für Moscheen und Minarette)”, 2009. http://www.hcstrache.at/downloads/wir_wiener_nov2009_low.pdf (22.04. 2019).
  • Gingrich, A., (1998). “Frontier Myths of Orientalism: The Muslim World in Public and Popular Cultures of Central Europe”. In: B. Bojan and B. Borut (eds.) Mediterranean Ethnological Summer School 2, Institute for Multicultural Studies, Ljubljana, ss. 99-127.
  • Günay, C., (2009), “Avusturya”. In: S. Akşit et al (eds.), Avrupa Birliği Ülkelerinden Türkiye’nin Üyeliğine Bakış, İletişim, Ankara, pp. 97-112.
  • Hafez, F. (2017), “Austria’s New Programme for Government. En Route to a Restrictive Policy on Islam?”, Qantara, 21.12.2017. https://en.qantara.de/content/austrias-new-programmefor-government-en-route-to-a-restrictive-policy-on-islam [01.05.2019]
  • Hafez F. ve Bayraklı E. (2017). “Islamophobia in Finland: National Report 2016” in: Enes Bayraklı & Farid Hafez, European Islamophobia Report 2016, Istanbul, SETA, 2017.
  • Hafez, F. (2016). Islamophobia in Austria. In European Islamophobia Report 2015, ed. Enel Bayrakli and Farid Hafez, 21–47. Ankara: SETA.
  • Hawkins, K. A. (2009). “Is Chávez populist? Measuring populist discourse in comparative perspective”. Comparative Political Studies, 42(8), 1040–1067.
  • HcStrache.at (2019). Strache İnternet Sayfası http://www.hcstrache.at/home/?id=48 (16.03.2019]
  • Howanietz, M. (2013): Für ein freies Österreich. Souveränität als Zukunftsmodell. Vienna: Freiheitlicher Parlamentsklub.
  • Howard, M. M., (2001). “Can Populism be Suppressed in a Democracy?”, East European Politics and Societies, Vol.14, No.2, ss.18-32.
  • Ichner, B. (2017), Spitzenkandidaten beziehen Stellung zum Islam, Kurier, 02.10.2017. https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/spitzenkandidaten-beziehen-stellung-zum-islam/289.067.501 [04.04.2019]
  • Krzyzanowski, M. (2012). “From anti-immigration and nationalist revisionism ton Islamophobia: Continuities and shifts in recent discourses and patterns of political communication of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ)”. In R. Wodak, M. KhosraviNik and B. Mral (der.). 135–148.
  • Lubbers, M. Gijsberts, M. Ve Scheepers , P. (2002). Extreme Right-Wing Voting in Western Europe. European Journal of Political Research, 41 (3), 345-378.
  • Mudde, C. (2007). Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mudde, C., & Katwasser, R. (2017). Populism. A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Partik-Pable, Helene (2002), Integration Agreement http://www.parlament.gv.at/PG/DE/XXIV/NRSITZ/NRSITZ_00031/fname_170529.pdf#search=%229.%20Juli%202002%22 [20.03.2019]
  • Reisigl, M., & Wodak, R. (2001). Discourse and Discrimination: Rhetorics of Racism and Anti-Semitism. London: Routledge.
  • Reisigl, M. & Wodak, R. (2009). The Discourse- Historical Approach (DHA). Ruth Wodak, Michael Meyer (Ed.). Methods for Critical Discourse Analysis (2. Revised Edition). London: Sage.
  • Reindl, H. (2002), Integration Agreement http://www.parlament.gv.at/PG/DE/XXIV/NRSITZ/NRSITZ_00031/fname_170529.pdf#search=%229.%20Juli%202002%22 [21.02.2019]
  • Rydgren, J. (2005), “Is extreme right-wing populism contagious? Explaining the emergence of a new party family”, European Journal of Political Research, 44: 413–437.
  • Rydgren, J. (2007). The Sociology of Radical Right, The Annual Review of Sociology, 33: 241-62.
  • Spektorowski, A. (2003). “The New Right: Ethno-Regionalism, Ethno-Pluralism and the Emergence of a Neo-Fascist ‘Third Way.’ Journal of Political Ideologies, 8 no. 1: 111–130.
  • Stenprot (2014): Stenographic record of the 44th session of the National Council of the Republic of Austria. XXV. legislative period. 22. Ekim, 16-19.
  • Stenprot (2015a): Stenographic record of the 75th session of the National Council of the Republic of Austria. XXV. legislative period 21. Mayıs, 138–144.
  • Stenprot (2015b): Stenographic record of the 104th session of the National Council of the Republic of Austria. XXV. legislative period, 24. Kasım, 35-38.
  • Stenprot (2015c):Stenographical Protocol of the 89th Session of the National Council of the Republic of Austria. XXV. Legislative period, 1 September, 65-70.
  • Stenprot (2016b): Stenographic record of the 132nd session of the National Council of the Republic of Austria. XXV. Legislative period, 15 June, 31-34.
  • Strache (2017), FPÖ-Bundesparteitag: Strache: “Nein, Islam ist kein Teil Österreichs”“, Kronen Zeitung,04.03.2017,: http://www.krone.at/oesterreich/strache-nein-islam-ist-kein-teiloesterreichs-FPÖe-bundesparteitag-story-557250 [29.04.2019]
  • Strache (2007). Europa-Kongress on 6 October 2007. see “Kongreβ der Republikaner”, http://www.rep.de/content.aspx?ArticleID=7fc08d65-7502-42d9-94c4-4ce5f90a25b8 [11.04.2019]
  • Strasser, S., (2008), “Europe’s Other: Nationalism,Ttransnationals and Contested Images of Turkey in Austria”, European Societies, Vol.10, No.2, ss.177-195.
  • Swyngedouw, M., & Ivaldi, G. (2001). “The extreme right utopia in Belgium and France: The ideology of the Flemish Vlaams Blok and the French Front National”. West European Politics, 24(3), 1–22.
  • Taggart, P. (2000). Populism. Buckingham: Open University Press.
  • Taras, R. (2012). Xenophobia and Islamophobia in Europe. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Westenthaler (2002), Integration Agreement, http://www.parlament.gv.at/PG/DE/XXIV/NRSITZ/NRSITZ_00031/fname_170529.pdf#search=%229.%20Juli%202002%22 [11.04.2019]
  • Wilson, R. ve Hainsworth, P. (2012). Far-Right Parties and Discourse in Europe: A Challenge for Our Times. Brussels: European Network Against Racism.
  • Wodak, R. (2001). Discourse and discrimination: Rhetorics of Racism and Antisemitism, Routledge, London, UK.
  • Wodak, R. (2013). ‘Anything Goes!’ - Haiderization of Europe. In R. Wodak, M. KhosraviNik, & B. Mral(Eds.), Right-wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Wodak, R. (2015).The Politics of Fear: What Right-Wing Populist Discourses Mean, Londra: Sage Publication.
  • Zimmermann, M. (2017), “Faßmann im SN-Interview: Integration ohne Kopftuch”, Salzburger Nachrichten, 05.01.2017. 29 Aralık 2017 http://www.salzburg.com/nachrichten/oesterreich/politik/sn/artikel/ fassmann-im-sn-interview-integration-ohne-kopftuch-228832/. [09.04.2019]

The Austrian Freedom Party (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs - FPÖ) and Xenophobia in the Context of Populism

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 8, 152 - 178, 25.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.881332

Öz

It has been a period of radical right movements; xenophobia, racism and religious separatism have increased in Europe. Austria, as a country, has allowed the radical right party to come to political power. As the arrival of refugees in Europe continues apace, xenophobia and anti-Muslim sentiment has become more pronounced with the problem showing no signs of abating. In recent years, the populist Austrian Freedom party in Austria has sought to capitalize on such sentiments through the use of xenophobic, anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim rhetoric, an approach that has raised its profile and garnered attention among the electorate. In following a populist discursive strategy that embraces anti-immigration, anti-Muslim and anti-foreign elements, its advocacy of homogeneity and support for anti-European Union discourses and strategies continue to build political momentum.
The aim of this study is to examine Austria Freedom Party in the context of populism. Austria has chosen to examine as far as possible the rise of the populist far-right in Europe. The reason for choosing Austria; the far right has a very special place in the history of this country, and Austria has a very special place in the history of the far right.
In this study, the nationalist and populist elements of the Austria Freedom Party’s discourse within the context of Austrian politics will be analyzed through Critical Discourse Analysis. Through Critical Discourse Analysis, the period of 2001-2019 will be analyzed and compared. In addition to the methodological originality of the study, its current contribution is to reveal how this populist far-right party in Austria legitimizes their discourse. Newspaper contents, official websites, articles, party programs, public speeches, and social media discourses of the Freedom Party are examined empirically. In the study, a leading and influential politician is selected for this political party. In order to avoid the impression that the focus was the discourse of individual politicians, some pieces of discourse of other members of this party were analyzed, as well as the more general discursive material of the parties, such as party programs.

Kaynakça

  • Allen, C. (2010). Islamophobia. Farnham: Ashgate.
  • Anadolu Ajansı (2017). “Avusturya'da tartışmalı yabancılar yasası yürürlükte”, Anadolu Ajansı, 1 Kasım, 2017. http://aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/avusturya-da-tartismali-yabancilar-yasasi-yururlukte/953730 [10.05.2019].
  • Art, D. (2011). Inside the radical right: The development of anti-immigrant parties in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bunzl, M., (2005), “Between anti-Semitism and Islamophobia: Some Thoughts on the New Europe”, American Ethnologist, Vol. 32, No.4, ss.499-508.
  • Canovan, M. (1999). “Trust the people! Populism and the two faces of democracy”. Political Studies, 47(1), 2–16.
  • Cutts, D.C., Ford, R. ve Goodwin, M.J. (2011). Anti-Immigrant, Politically Disaffected or Still Racist After All? Examining the Attitudinal Drivers of Extreme Right Suppert in Britain in the 2009 European Elections. European Journal of Political Research, 50 (3), 418-440.
  • Deiwiks, C. (2009). Populism. Living Reviews in Democracy, http://www.living reviews.org/lrd-2009
  • FPÖ (2010) Sagen aus Wien. http://www.hcstrache.at/home/?id=80 [11.05.2019]
  • FPÖ (2011). Party Programme of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ), (2011), www.FPÖe.at [16.04.2019]
  • FPÖ Kampanya Posteri (2012): “Duel over Vienna. You have the Choice’ (Duellum Wien”. Sie haben die Wahl), 2005 Kaynak: http://www.hcstrache.at/downloads/folder_duellumVienna.pdf [15.01.2019]
  • FPÖ Kampanya Posteri (2009): “Out with Mosques and Minarets’ (Aus für Moscheen und Minarette)”, 2009. http://www.hcstrache.at/downloads/wir_wiener_nov2009_low.pdf (22.04. 2019).
  • Gingrich, A., (1998). “Frontier Myths of Orientalism: The Muslim World in Public and Popular Cultures of Central Europe”. In: B. Bojan and B. Borut (eds.) Mediterranean Ethnological Summer School 2, Institute for Multicultural Studies, Ljubljana, ss. 99-127.
  • Günay, C., (2009), “Avusturya”. In: S. Akşit et al (eds.), Avrupa Birliği Ülkelerinden Türkiye’nin Üyeliğine Bakış, İletişim, Ankara, pp. 97-112.
  • Hafez, F. (2017), “Austria’s New Programme for Government. En Route to a Restrictive Policy on Islam?”, Qantara, 21.12.2017. https://en.qantara.de/content/austrias-new-programmefor-government-en-route-to-a-restrictive-policy-on-islam [01.05.2019]
  • Hafez F. ve Bayraklı E. (2017). “Islamophobia in Finland: National Report 2016” in: Enes Bayraklı & Farid Hafez, European Islamophobia Report 2016, Istanbul, SETA, 2017.
  • Hafez, F. (2016). Islamophobia in Austria. In European Islamophobia Report 2015, ed. Enel Bayrakli and Farid Hafez, 21–47. Ankara: SETA.
  • Hawkins, K. A. (2009). “Is Chávez populist? Measuring populist discourse in comparative perspective”. Comparative Political Studies, 42(8), 1040–1067.
  • HcStrache.at (2019). Strache İnternet Sayfası http://www.hcstrache.at/home/?id=48 (16.03.2019]
  • Howanietz, M. (2013): Für ein freies Österreich. Souveränität als Zukunftsmodell. Vienna: Freiheitlicher Parlamentsklub.
  • Howard, M. M., (2001). “Can Populism be Suppressed in a Democracy?”, East European Politics and Societies, Vol.14, No.2, ss.18-32.
  • Ichner, B. (2017), Spitzenkandidaten beziehen Stellung zum Islam, Kurier, 02.10.2017. https://kurier.at/chronik/wien/spitzenkandidaten-beziehen-stellung-zum-islam/289.067.501 [04.04.2019]
  • Krzyzanowski, M. (2012). “From anti-immigration and nationalist revisionism ton Islamophobia: Continuities and shifts in recent discourses and patterns of political communication of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ)”. In R. Wodak, M. KhosraviNik and B. Mral (der.). 135–148.
  • Lubbers, M. Gijsberts, M. Ve Scheepers , P. (2002). Extreme Right-Wing Voting in Western Europe. European Journal of Political Research, 41 (3), 345-378.
  • Mudde, C. (2007). Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mudde, C., & Katwasser, R. (2017). Populism. A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Partik-Pable, Helene (2002), Integration Agreement http://www.parlament.gv.at/PG/DE/XXIV/NRSITZ/NRSITZ_00031/fname_170529.pdf#search=%229.%20Juli%202002%22 [20.03.2019]
  • Reisigl, M., & Wodak, R. (2001). Discourse and Discrimination: Rhetorics of Racism and Anti-Semitism. London: Routledge.
  • Reisigl, M. & Wodak, R. (2009). The Discourse- Historical Approach (DHA). Ruth Wodak, Michael Meyer (Ed.). Methods for Critical Discourse Analysis (2. Revised Edition). London: Sage.
  • Reindl, H. (2002), Integration Agreement http://www.parlament.gv.at/PG/DE/XXIV/NRSITZ/NRSITZ_00031/fname_170529.pdf#search=%229.%20Juli%202002%22 [21.02.2019]
  • Rydgren, J. (2005), “Is extreme right-wing populism contagious? Explaining the emergence of a new party family”, European Journal of Political Research, 44: 413–437.
  • Rydgren, J. (2007). The Sociology of Radical Right, The Annual Review of Sociology, 33: 241-62.
  • Spektorowski, A. (2003). “The New Right: Ethno-Regionalism, Ethno-Pluralism and the Emergence of a Neo-Fascist ‘Third Way.’ Journal of Political Ideologies, 8 no. 1: 111–130.
  • Stenprot (2014): Stenographic record of the 44th session of the National Council of the Republic of Austria. XXV. legislative period. 22. Ekim, 16-19.
  • Stenprot (2015a): Stenographic record of the 75th session of the National Council of the Republic of Austria. XXV. legislative period 21. Mayıs, 138–144.
  • Stenprot (2015b): Stenographic record of the 104th session of the National Council of the Republic of Austria. XXV. legislative period, 24. Kasım, 35-38.
  • Stenprot (2015c):Stenographical Protocol of the 89th Session of the National Council of the Republic of Austria. XXV. Legislative period, 1 September, 65-70.
  • Stenprot (2016b): Stenographic record of the 132nd session of the National Council of the Republic of Austria. XXV. Legislative period, 15 June, 31-34.
  • Strache (2017), FPÖ-Bundesparteitag: Strache: “Nein, Islam ist kein Teil Österreichs”“, Kronen Zeitung,04.03.2017,: http://www.krone.at/oesterreich/strache-nein-islam-ist-kein-teiloesterreichs-FPÖe-bundesparteitag-story-557250 [29.04.2019]
  • Strache (2007). Europa-Kongress on 6 October 2007. see “Kongreβ der Republikaner”, http://www.rep.de/content.aspx?ArticleID=7fc08d65-7502-42d9-94c4-4ce5f90a25b8 [11.04.2019]
  • Strasser, S., (2008), “Europe’s Other: Nationalism,Ttransnationals and Contested Images of Turkey in Austria”, European Societies, Vol.10, No.2, ss.177-195.
  • Swyngedouw, M., & Ivaldi, G. (2001). “The extreme right utopia in Belgium and France: The ideology of the Flemish Vlaams Blok and the French Front National”. West European Politics, 24(3), 1–22.
  • Taggart, P. (2000). Populism. Buckingham: Open University Press.
  • Taras, R. (2012). Xenophobia and Islamophobia in Europe. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Westenthaler (2002), Integration Agreement, http://www.parlament.gv.at/PG/DE/XXIV/NRSITZ/NRSITZ_00031/fname_170529.pdf#search=%229.%20Juli%202002%22 [11.04.2019]
  • Wilson, R. ve Hainsworth, P. (2012). Far-Right Parties and Discourse in Europe: A Challenge for Our Times. Brussels: European Network Against Racism.
  • Wodak, R. (2001). Discourse and discrimination: Rhetorics of Racism and Antisemitism, Routledge, London, UK.
  • Wodak, R. (2013). ‘Anything Goes!’ - Haiderization of Europe. In R. Wodak, M. KhosraviNik, & B. Mral(Eds.), Right-wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Wodak, R. (2015).The Politics of Fear: What Right-Wing Populist Discourses Mean, Londra: Sage Publication.
  • Zimmermann, M. (2017), “Faßmann im SN-Interview: Integration ohne Kopftuch”, Salzburger Nachrichten, 05.01.2017. 29 Aralık 2017 http://www.salzburg.com/nachrichten/oesterreich/politik/sn/artikel/ fassmann-im-sn-interview-integration-ohne-kopftuch-228832/. [09.04.2019]
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Bekir Halhalli 0000-0001-7148-0505

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Şubat 2021
Kabul Tarihi 29 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 8

Kaynak Göster

APA Halhalli, B. (2021). Popülizm Bağlamında Avusturya Özgürlük Partisi (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs – FPÖ) ve Yabancı Düşmanlığı. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, 4(8), 152-178. https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.881332
AMA Halhalli B. Popülizm Bağlamında Avusturya Özgürlük Partisi (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs – FPÖ) ve Yabancı Düşmanlığı. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi. Aralık 2021;4(8):152-178. doi:10.35235/uicd.881332
Chicago Halhalli, Bekir. “Popülizm Bağlamında Avusturya Özgürlük Partisi (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs – FPÖ) Ve Yabancı Düşmanlığı”. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi 4, sy. 8 (Aralık 2021): 152-78. https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.881332.
EndNote Halhalli B (01 Aralık 2021) Popülizm Bağlamında Avusturya Özgürlük Partisi (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs – FPÖ) ve Yabancı Düşmanlığı. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi 4 8 152–178.
IEEE B. Halhalli, “Popülizm Bağlamında Avusturya Özgürlük Partisi (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs – FPÖ) ve Yabancı Düşmanlığı”, Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 8, ss. 152–178, 2021, doi: 10.35235/uicd.881332.
ISNAD Halhalli, Bekir. “Popülizm Bağlamında Avusturya Özgürlük Partisi (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs – FPÖ) Ve Yabancı Düşmanlığı”. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi 4/8 (Aralık 2021), 152-178. https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.881332.
JAMA Halhalli B. Popülizm Bağlamında Avusturya Özgürlük Partisi (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs – FPÖ) ve Yabancı Düşmanlığı. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2021;4:152–178.
MLA Halhalli, Bekir. “Popülizm Bağlamında Avusturya Özgürlük Partisi (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs – FPÖ) Ve Yabancı Düşmanlığı”. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 8, 2021, ss. 152-78, doi:10.35235/uicd.881332.
Vancouver Halhalli B. Popülizm Bağlamında Avusturya Özgürlük Partisi (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs – FPÖ) ve Yabancı Düşmanlığı. Uluslararası İnsan Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2021;4(8):152-78.

Cited By

2934214343   14336    16295  15505     14338      14339      

14340   14341        14342     14344     14345


Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.