Araştırma Makalesi
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Dış Politika ve Enerji Güvenliği Bağlantısı: Türkiye Açısından Fırsat mı Tehdit mi?

Yıl 2016, , 105 - 128, 01.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.463086

Öz

Bu makale son derece çalkantılı bir bölgede şekillenmekte olan enerji politikaları ve Türk dış politikası arasındaki karmaşık etkileşimi zorluklar ve fırsatlar çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Teorik açıdan çalışma, yumuşak ve sert güvenlik faktörlerinin yanı sıra iç ve dış siyasetin kritik kesişimine odaklanmaktadır. Makale, Türkiye’nin potansiyel bir “enerji merkezi” olma konumunun önemli bir avantaj olduğunu vurgularken, diğer taraftan, ülkenin dış politikası ve artan enerji ihtiyacı ile yakından bağlantılı çok sayıda sert ve yumuşak güvenlik sorununun etkin bir biçimde yönetilmesinin büyük bir zorluk yarattığını savunmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, enerji politikaları Türkiye’nin dış politikasında korumaya çalıştığı hassas dengeler, diğer kritik aktörlerle ilişkilerin belirlenmesi ve bölgesel bir güç olarak Türkiye’nin gelecekteki rolünün şekillenmesi açısından belirleyici bir önem taşımaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Akkuyu Nükleer, “Rusya`dan Akkuyu`ya ilk çeyrekte 2.9 milyar lira”, 2016, http://www.akkunpp.com/rusyadan-akkuyuya-ilk-ceyrekte-29-milyar-lira, (Accessed on 05 April 2016).
  • Alliance for Innovation and Infrastructure. “Energy as an Instrument of Foreign Policy”, 25 June 2015, http://www.aii.org/energy-as-an-instrument-of-foreign-policy/, (Accessed on 27 March 2016).
  • “Ankara says Turkish Stream not just transit Project”, World Bulletin, 11 December 2014, http://www.worldbulletin.net/news/150464/ankara-says-turkish-stream-not-just-transit-project, (Accessed on 22 February 2016).
  • Energy Information Administration (EIA), “Russia looks beyond West Siberia for future oil and natural gas growth”, 19 September 2014, http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=18051#, (Accessed on 03 April 2016).
  • Fallon, Theresa. “The New Silk Road: Xi Jinping’s Grand Strategy for Eurasia,” American Foreign Policy Interests: The Journal of the National Committee on American Foreign Policy, Volume 37, No.3, 2015. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10803920.2015.1056682?journalCode=uafp20, (Accessed on 1 April 2016).
  • Global Relations Forum, Turkish Energy Strategy in the 21th Century: Weathering Uncertainties and Discontinuities, Task Force Report, 2013.
  • “Green Paper: Towards a European Strategy for the Security of Energy Supply“,,European Commission, Brussels, 29 November 2000, http://aei.pitt.edu/1184/01/enegy_supply_security_gp_COM_2000_769.pdf (Accessed on29 March 2016).
  • Grigoriadis, Ioannis N. “Energy Discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean: Conflict or Cooperation?”, Middle East Policy Council, Volume 21, No.3, Fall 2014.
  • Gürel, Ayla and Fiona Mullen. “Can Eastern Mediterranean Gas Discoveries Have a Positive Impact on Turkey-EU Relations?”, Senem Aydın-Düzgit et. al. (eds.), Global Turkey in Europe II: Energy, Migration, Civil Society and Citizenship Issues in Turkey-EU Relations, IAI Research Papers, 2014.
  • “Intergovernmental Agreement Between the Government of Republic of Turkey and the Government of the Republic of Azerbaijan concerning the Trans Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline System“, Istanbul, 26 June 2012, http://www.tanap.com/content/file/TANAPIGA.pdf, (Accessed on 24 February 2016).
  • International Energy Agency (IEA), “What is Energy Security?”, https://www.iea.org/topics/energysecurity/subtopics/whatisenergysecurity/ (Accessed on 29 March 2016).
  • International Energy Agency (IEA). World Energy Outlook 2015, Paris 2015.
  • International Energy Agency. 2008. Perspectives on Caspian Oil and Gas Development, December 2008, http://www.asiacentral.es/docs/caspian_perspectives_iea_dec08.pdf (Accessed on 2 April 2016).
  • Interview with Ahmet Demirok, Ambassador of the Turkish Republic to Qatar, “Turkey and Qatar Confront Common Enemies in Syria,” Daily Sabah, 28 February 2016.
  • IPCC, Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)], IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 2014.
  • “Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action”, US Department of State, http://www.state.gov/e/eb/tfs/spi/iran/jcpoa/, (Accessed on 30 September 2016).
  • Karagiannis, Emmanuel. “Shifting Eastern Mediterranean Alliances”, Middle East Quarterly, Spring 2016, http://www.meforum.org/meq/pdfs/5877.pdf, (Accessed on 25 March 2016).
  • Shaffer, Brenda. Energy Politics, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009.
  • Shirvani, Tara and Siniša Vukovic. “What’s Next After Iran’s Nuclear Deal?”, World Economic Forum, 26 November 2015, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/11/iran-nuclear-deal/, (Accessed on 5 February 2016).
  • Spanjer, Aldo. “Russian Gas Price Reform and the EU-Russia Gas Relationship: Incentives, Consequences and European Security of Supply,” Energy Policy, Volume 35, 2007, p.2889-2898.
  • Steckel, Jan Christoph, Ottmar Edenhofer and Michael Jakob. “Drivers for The Renaissance of Coal”, PNAS, 6 July 2015, http://www.pnas.org/content/112/29/E3775, (Accessed on 07 April 2016).
  • Stulberg, Adam and Mathew Fuhrmann (eds.) Nuclear Renaissance and International Security. Redwood City, CA, Stanford University Press, 2013.
  • Tekin, Ali and Iva Walterova. “Turkey’s Geopolitical Role: The Energy Angle”. Middle East Policy, Volume 14, No.1, 2007, p.84-94.
  • Tekin, Ali and Paul A. Williams. “Turkey and EU Energy Security: The Pipeline Connection,” East European Quarterly, Volume 42, No.4, 2009, p.419-434.
  • Tekin, Ali and Paul A. Williams. “EU- Russian Relations and Turkey’s Role as an Energy Corridor”, Europe-Asia Studies Volume 61, No.2, 2009, p.337-56.
  • The Bosphorous Energy Club. Game Changers in Energy, Geopolitics and Investment, Istanbul, December 2015.
  • Turhan, Ethemcan, Semra Cerit Mazlum and Ümit Şahin. “Beyond Special Circumstances: Climate Change Policy in Turkey 1992-2015”, WIREs Climate Change, 2016.
  • “Turkey“, Climate Action Tracker, 22 October 2015. http://climateactiontracker.org/countries/turkey.html, (Accessed on 07 April 2016).
  • “Turkey a ‘net winner’ from low oil prices: Deputy PM Babacan”, Hürriyet Daily News, 22 January 2015.
  • Turkish Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Dünya ve Ülkemiz Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Görünümü, No.10, 2015.
  • Turkish Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Dünya ve Ülkemiz Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Görünümü, No.11, 2016.
  • Turkish Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Strategic Plan 2015-2019, Ankara, 2015.
  • “Turkish–Russian trade volume and trade deficit [Record Increase in Turkish Meat Exports to Russia]“, TÜİK (Turkish Statistical Institute), 2015, http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=istgosterge, (Accessed on 10 January 2016).
  • “Turkish Stream to Replace South Stream Gas Pipeline.” Novinite.com, 11 December 2014. http://www.novinite.com/articles/165354/Turkish+Stream+to+Replace+South+ Stream+Gas+Pipeline-+Erdogan, (Accessed on 04 March 2016).
  • Türkiye’nin Enerji Merkezi Olması Yolunda TANAP Projesi’nin Rolü, HASEN Enerji ve Ekonomi Araştırmalar Merkezi, İstanbul, HASEN Publications, 2014.
  • United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change, “Republic of Turkey Intended Nationally Determined Contribution“, 30 September 2015, http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Turkey/1/The_INDC_of_TURKEY_v.15.19.30.pdf, (Accessed on 07 April 2016).
  • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Adoption of the Paris Agreement, Proposal by the President, Draft Decision CP.21, December 2015.
  • United Nations, Report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility, UN Document A/59/565, 29 November 2004.
  • United Nations, The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982, http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/unclos_e.pdf, (Accessed on 5 March 2016).
  • Ülgen, Sinan. Nükleer Enerjiye Geçişte Türkiye Modeli (Turkish Model in Transition to Nuclear Energy). EDAM Report. Istanbul, EDAM, 2011.
  • Winrow, M. Gareth. “Energy security in the Black Sea-Caspian Region”, Perceptions, Volume 10, No.3, 2005, p. 85-89.
  • World Energy Council, World Energy Issues Monitor 2016: A Climate of Innovation-Responding to the Commodity Price Storm, 2016.
  • World Energy Council, Tackling Policy Uncertainty, https://www.worldenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Tackling-policy-uncertainty.pdf , 2015, (Accessed on 28 September 2016).
  • Yeldan, Erinç and Ebru Voyvoda. Low Carbon Development Pathways and Priorities for Turkey, WWF Turkey and İstanbul Policy Center, 2015.
  • Yergin, Daniel. “Ensuring Energy Security”, Foreign Affairs, Volume 85, No.2, 2006.
  • Yıldız, Taner. “Keynote Speech at Caspian Forum“, December 2014.
  • “2016 Yılı Başında Dış Politikamız (Our Foreign Policy in the Beginning of 2016)”, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2016, www.mfa.gov.tr, (Accessed on 03 April 2016).

Linking Foreign Policy and Energy Security: An Asset or a Liability for Turkey?

Yıl 2016, , 105 - 128, 01.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.463086

Öz

This article aims to examine the intricate interaction between energy politics and Turkish foreign policy in a turbulent region in terms of challenges and opportunities. From a theoretical perspective, the focus of the article lies at the critical intersection of soft and hard security, as well as domestic and external politics. It argues that, on the one hand, Turkey has been highlighting its potential of ‘energy hub’ position as an asset and, on the other hand, Turkey also needs to effectively deal with numerous hard and soft security issues closely linked with its foreign policy and rising domestic energy needs, which constitutes a major liability. Ultimately, the delicate balance that Turkey will try to strike will have a decisive impact in terms of determining its nature of interaction with other critical actors and future role as a regional power.

Kaynakça

  • Akkuyu Nükleer, “Rusya`dan Akkuyu`ya ilk çeyrekte 2.9 milyar lira”, 2016, http://www.akkunpp.com/rusyadan-akkuyuya-ilk-ceyrekte-29-milyar-lira, (Accessed on 05 April 2016).
  • Alliance for Innovation and Infrastructure. “Energy as an Instrument of Foreign Policy”, 25 June 2015, http://www.aii.org/energy-as-an-instrument-of-foreign-policy/, (Accessed on 27 March 2016).
  • “Ankara says Turkish Stream not just transit Project”, World Bulletin, 11 December 2014, http://www.worldbulletin.net/news/150464/ankara-says-turkish-stream-not-just-transit-project, (Accessed on 22 February 2016).
  • Energy Information Administration (EIA), “Russia looks beyond West Siberia for future oil and natural gas growth”, 19 September 2014, http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=18051#, (Accessed on 03 April 2016).
  • Fallon, Theresa. “The New Silk Road: Xi Jinping’s Grand Strategy for Eurasia,” American Foreign Policy Interests: The Journal of the National Committee on American Foreign Policy, Volume 37, No.3, 2015. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10803920.2015.1056682?journalCode=uafp20, (Accessed on 1 April 2016).
  • Global Relations Forum, Turkish Energy Strategy in the 21th Century: Weathering Uncertainties and Discontinuities, Task Force Report, 2013.
  • “Green Paper: Towards a European Strategy for the Security of Energy Supply“,,European Commission, Brussels, 29 November 2000, http://aei.pitt.edu/1184/01/enegy_supply_security_gp_COM_2000_769.pdf (Accessed on29 March 2016).
  • Grigoriadis, Ioannis N. “Energy Discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean: Conflict or Cooperation?”, Middle East Policy Council, Volume 21, No.3, Fall 2014.
  • Gürel, Ayla and Fiona Mullen. “Can Eastern Mediterranean Gas Discoveries Have a Positive Impact on Turkey-EU Relations?”, Senem Aydın-Düzgit et. al. (eds.), Global Turkey in Europe II: Energy, Migration, Civil Society and Citizenship Issues in Turkey-EU Relations, IAI Research Papers, 2014.
  • “Intergovernmental Agreement Between the Government of Republic of Turkey and the Government of the Republic of Azerbaijan concerning the Trans Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline System“, Istanbul, 26 June 2012, http://www.tanap.com/content/file/TANAPIGA.pdf, (Accessed on 24 February 2016).
  • International Energy Agency (IEA), “What is Energy Security?”, https://www.iea.org/topics/energysecurity/subtopics/whatisenergysecurity/ (Accessed on 29 March 2016).
  • International Energy Agency (IEA). World Energy Outlook 2015, Paris 2015.
  • International Energy Agency. 2008. Perspectives on Caspian Oil and Gas Development, December 2008, http://www.asiacentral.es/docs/caspian_perspectives_iea_dec08.pdf (Accessed on 2 April 2016).
  • Interview with Ahmet Demirok, Ambassador of the Turkish Republic to Qatar, “Turkey and Qatar Confront Common Enemies in Syria,” Daily Sabah, 28 February 2016.
  • IPCC, Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)], IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 2014.
  • “Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action”, US Department of State, http://www.state.gov/e/eb/tfs/spi/iran/jcpoa/, (Accessed on 30 September 2016).
  • Karagiannis, Emmanuel. “Shifting Eastern Mediterranean Alliances”, Middle East Quarterly, Spring 2016, http://www.meforum.org/meq/pdfs/5877.pdf, (Accessed on 25 March 2016).
  • Shaffer, Brenda. Energy Politics, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009.
  • Shirvani, Tara and Siniša Vukovic. “What’s Next After Iran’s Nuclear Deal?”, World Economic Forum, 26 November 2015, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/11/iran-nuclear-deal/, (Accessed on 5 February 2016).
  • Spanjer, Aldo. “Russian Gas Price Reform and the EU-Russia Gas Relationship: Incentives, Consequences and European Security of Supply,” Energy Policy, Volume 35, 2007, p.2889-2898.
  • Steckel, Jan Christoph, Ottmar Edenhofer and Michael Jakob. “Drivers for The Renaissance of Coal”, PNAS, 6 July 2015, http://www.pnas.org/content/112/29/E3775, (Accessed on 07 April 2016).
  • Stulberg, Adam and Mathew Fuhrmann (eds.) Nuclear Renaissance and International Security. Redwood City, CA, Stanford University Press, 2013.
  • Tekin, Ali and Iva Walterova. “Turkey’s Geopolitical Role: The Energy Angle”. Middle East Policy, Volume 14, No.1, 2007, p.84-94.
  • Tekin, Ali and Paul A. Williams. “Turkey and EU Energy Security: The Pipeline Connection,” East European Quarterly, Volume 42, No.4, 2009, p.419-434.
  • Tekin, Ali and Paul A. Williams. “EU- Russian Relations and Turkey’s Role as an Energy Corridor”, Europe-Asia Studies Volume 61, No.2, 2009, p.337-56.
  • The Bosphorous Energy Club. Game Changers in Energy, Geopolitics and Investment, Istanbul, December 2015.
  • Turhan, Ethemcan, Semra Cerit Mazlum and Ümit Şahin. “Beyond Special Circumstances: Climate Change Policy in Turkey 1992-2015”, WIREs Climate Change, 2016.
  • “Turkey“, Climate Action Tracker, 22 October 2015. http://climateactiontracker.org/countries/turkey.html, (Accessed on 07 April 2016).
  • “Turkey a ‘net winner’ from low oil prices: Deputy PM Babacan”, Hürriyet Daily News, 22 January 2015.
  • Turkish Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Dünya ve Ülkemiz Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Görünümü, No.10, 2015.
  • Turkish Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Dünya ve Ülkemiz Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Görünümü, No.11, 2016.
  • Turkish Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Strategic Plan 2015-2019, Ankara, 2015.
  • “Turkish–Russian trade volume and trade deficit [Record Increase in Turkish Meat Exports to Russia]“, TÜİK (Turkish Statistical Institute), 2015, http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=istgosterge, (Accessed on 10 January 2016).
  • “Turkish Stream to Replace South Stream Gas Pipeline.” Novinite.com, 11 December 2014. http://www.novinite.com/articles/165354/Turkish+Stream+to+Replace+South+ Stream+Gas+Pipeline-+Erdogan, (Accessed on 04 March 2016).
  • Türkiye’nin Enerji Merkezi Olması Yolunda TANAP Projesi’nin Rolü, HASEN Enerji ve Ekonomi Araştırmalar Merkezi, İstanbul, HASEN Publications, 2014.
  • United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change, “Republic of Turkey Intended Nationally Determined Contribution“, 30 September 2015, http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Turkey/1/The_INDC_of_TURKEY_v.15.19.30.pdf, (Accessed on 07 April 2016).
  • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Adoption of the Paris Agreement, Proposal by the President, Draft Decision CP.21, December 2015.
  • United Nations, Report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility, UN Document A/59/565, 29 November 2004.
  • United Nations, The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982, http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/unclos_e.pdf, (Accessed on 5 March 2016).
  • Ülgen, Sinan. Nükleer Enerjiye Geçişte Türkiye Modeli (Turkish Model in Transition to Nuclear Energy). EDAM Report. Istanbul, EDAM, 2011.
  • Winrow, M. Gareth. “Energy security in the Black Sea-Caspian Region”, Perceptions, Volume 10, No.3, 2005, p. 85-89.
  • World Energy Council, World Energy Issues Monitor 2016: A Climate of Innovation-Responding to the Commodity Price Storm, 2016.
  • World Energy Council, Tackling Policy Uncertainty, https://www.worldenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Tackling-policy-uncertainty.pdf , 2015, (Accessed on 28 September 2016).
  • Yeldan, Erinç and Ebru Voyvoda. Low Carbon Development Pathways and Priorities for Turkey, WWF Turkey and İstanbul Policy Center, 2015.
  • Yergin, Daniel. “Ensuring Energy Security”, Foreign Affairs, Volume 85, No.2, 2006.
  • Yıldız, Taner. “Keynote Speech at Caspian Forum“, December 2014.
  • “2016 Yılı Başında Dış Politikamız (Our Foreign Policy in the Beginning of 2016)”, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2016, www.mfa.gov.tr, (Accessed on 03 April 2016).
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Diğer ID JA96PV23JS
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Şuhnaz Yılmaz

S. Duygu Sever-mehmetoğlu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, Ş., & Sever-mehmetoğlu, S. D. (2016). Linking Foreign Policy and Energy Security: An Asset or a Liability for Turkey?. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 13(52), 105-128. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.463086
AMA Yılmaz Ş, Sever-mehmetoğlu SD. Linking Foreign Policy and Energy Security: An Asset or a Liability for Turkey?. uidergisi. Aralık 2016;13(52):105-128. doi:10.33458/uidergisi.463086
Chicago Yılmaz, Şuhnaz, ve S. Duygu Sever-mehmetoğlu. “Linking Foreign Policy and Energy Security: An Asset or a Liability for Turkey?”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 13, sy. 52 (Aralık 2016): 105-28. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.463086.
EndNote Yılmaz Ş, Sever-mehmetoğlu SD (01 Aralık 2016) Linking Foreign Policy and Energy Security: An Asset or a Liability for Turkey?. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 13 52 105–128.
IEEE Ş. Yılmaz ve S. D. Sever-mehmetoğlu, “Linking Foreign Policy and Energy Security: An Asset or a Liability for Turkey?”, uidergisi, c. 13, sy. 52, ss. 105–128, 2016, doi: 10.33458/uidergisi.463086.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Şuhnaz - Sever-mehmetoğlu, S. Duygu. “Linking Foreign Policy and Energy Security: An Asset or a Liability for Turkey?”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 13/52 (Aralık 2016), 105-128. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.463086.
JAMA Yılmaz Ş, Sever-mehmetoğlu SD. Linking Foreign Policy and Energy Security: An Asset or a Liability for Turkey?. uidergisi. 2016;13:105–128.
MLA Yılmaz, Şuhnaz ve S. Duygu Sever-mehmetoğlu. “Linking Foreign Policy and Energy Security: An Asset or a Liability for Turkey?”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, c. 13, sy. 52, 2016, ss. 105-28, doi:10.33458/uidergisi.463086.
Vancouver Yılmaz Ş, Sever-mehmetoğlu SD. Linking Foreign Policy and Energy Security: An Asset or a Liability for Turkey?. uidergisi. 2016;13(52):105-28.