Araştırma Makalesi
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İskoç Milliyetçiliğinin Dünü, Bugünü ve Birleşik Krallığın Geleceği

Yıl 2017, , 91 - 109, 01.03.2017
https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513197

Öz

Avrupa’da son yıllarda kayda değer bir siyasal güce dönüşen devlet-altı milliyetçilik Avrupa Birliği üyesi pek çok devlette statükoya meydan okumaktadır. Avrupa bütünleşme süreci ise sadece ev sahibi devlet ile devlet- altı milliyetçilik arasındaki siyasi mücadele sahasını genişletmekle kalmamakta, aynı zamanda ulus-devletin ve milliyetçiliklerin yeni koşullar altında değişen özellikleri, işlevleri ve kalıcılık ihtimalleri üzerine tartışmaları tetiklemektedir. 1990’lardan beri yükselişte olan İskoç milliyetçiliğinin başat aktörü İskoç Ulusal Partisi’nin “Avrupa Birliği içinde bağımsızlık” amacı gütmesi, bir yandan devlet altı milliyetçilikler açısından Avrupa bütünleşme sürecinin kritik önemine işaret ederken, öte yandan bağımsız ulus-devlet kurmanın devlet-altı milliyetçilik açısından sonul hedef olma özelliğini koruduğunu göstermektedir. İskoç milliyetçiliği Birleşik Krallığın geleceği konusunda ciddi belirsizlikler yaratırken, bütünleşme sürecinin ulus-devlet modeli ve milliyetçilikler üzerindeki dönüştürücü etkisinin asal nitelikte olmadığını kanıtlamaktadır. 

Kaynakça

  • Aktoprak, Elçin. Devletler ve Ulusları, Tan Kitabevi Yayınları, Ankara, 2010.
  • BBC One Scotland, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33Z9l-rWgfA (Zaman Aralığı:1:18,15-1:18,52/1:29,02) (Erişim Tarihi, 18 Mart 2016).
  • Birch, Anthony. “Minority Nationalist Movements and Theories of Political Integration”, World Politics, Cilt 30, No 3, Nisan 1978, s.325-44.
  • BK Hükümeti Hazine Bakanlığı Raporu. “Scotland Analysis: Currency and Monetary Policy”, Nisan 2013, s.69, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/191786/ScotlandAnalysis_acc-1.pdf (Erişim tarihi 18 Mart 2016).
  • Branch, Ann P. ve Jakob C. Ohrgaard, “Trapped in the Supranational-intergovernmental Dichotomy: A Response to Stone Sweet & Sandholtz”, Journal of European Public Policy, Cilt 6, No.1, s.123-43.
  • Breuilly, John. Nationalism and the State (2.Baskı), Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1993.
  • Brown, Alice et al. Politics and Society in Scotland, Basingstoke, Macmillan Press, 1998.
  • Catt, Helen ve Michael Murphy. Sub-State Nationalism: A Comparative Analysis of Institutional Design, Oxford & New York, Routledge, 2002.
  • Crawford, James ve Alan Boyle. “Annex A Opinion: Referendum on the Independence of Scotland, International Law Aspects, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/79408/Annex_A.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 1 Aralık 2015).
  • Dardanelli, Paolo. Between the Two Unions- Europeanisation and Scottish Devolution, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 2002.
  • De Winter, Lieven. “Conclusion: A Comparative Analysis of Electoral, Office, and Policy Success of Ethnoregionalist Parties”, Lieven de Winter ve Huri Türsan (der.), Regionalist Parties in Western Europe, London & New York, Routledge, 1998.
  • Dewdney, Richard. House of Commons Library, Social and General Statistics Section, Results of Devolution Referendums (1979 & 1997), s.12, 10 Kasım 1997, file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/RP97-113%20(1).pdf (Erişim Tarihi, 14 Temmuz 2016).
  • Dickson, Tony. “Scotland is Different, OK?”. David McCrone et al. (der.), The Making of Scotland: Nation, Culture and Social Change, Great Britain, Edinburgh University Press, 1989.
  • Elections Scotland - Scottish Independence Referendum, http://scotlandreferendum.info/ (Erişim Tarihi 10 Aralık 2015).
  • Electoral Commission, “Scottish Independence Referendum”, Aralık 2014, http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/179812/Scottish-independence-referendum-report.pdf. European Free Alliance, http://www.e-f-a.org/home/.
  • “Former NATO commander attacks SNP defence policy”, BBC News, 31 Ağustos 2014, http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-29005808 (Erişim Tarihi 18 Mart 2016).
  • Harvie, Christopher. Scotland- A Short History, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2014.
  • Hobsbawm, Eric J. Milletler ve Milliyetçilik (3.Basım), Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul, 2006.
  • Hooghe, Liesbet. “Nationalist Movements and Social Factors: A Theoretical Perspective”, John W. Coakley (der.), The Social Origins of Nationalist Movements: The Contemporary West European Experience, London, Sage, 1992, s.21-44.
  • Hoppe, Marcus. “Sub-state Nationalism and European Integration: Constructing Identity in the Multilevel Political Space of Europe”, Journal of Contemporary European Research, Cilt 1, No 2, 2005, s.13-28.
  • Houten, Pieter van. “Regional Assertiveness in Western Europe – A Statistical Exploration”, April 2001, Grenoble, s.16, https://ecpr.eu/Filestore/PaperProposal/11d561d0-664a-4973-a424-91ce46fce5de.pdf , (Erişim Tarihi 15 Ekim 2015).
  • Ichijo, Atsuko. Scottish Nationalism and the Idea of Europe, Oxon & New York, Routledge, 2004. “Independence referendum one year on: the winners and losers”, Scotsman, 18 Eylül 2015, http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/independence-referendum-one-year-on-the-winners-and-losers-1-3891329#axzz3q3Ex9rbS (Erişim Tarihi 11 Aralık 2015).
  • Judge, David. Political Institutions in the United Kingdom, Oxford & New York, Oxford University Press, 2005. Katalonya Parlamentosu, http://catalanassembly.org/en/catalonia-said-yes-to-independence/ (Erişim Tarihi 12 Kasım 2015).
  • Keating, Michael. Nations against the State: the New Politics of Nationalism in Quebec, Catalonia, and Scotland, London, Macmillan, 1996.
  • Lindsay, Isobel. “The SNP and the Lure of Europe”, Tom Gallagher (der.), Nationalism in the Nineties, Edinburgh, Polygon, 1991.
  • Lord Ashcroft Polls, “Scotland Independence Referendum”, http://lordashcroftpolls.com/2014/09/scotland-voted/ ; http://blog.whatscotlandthinks.org/2014/09/voted-yes-voted/ (Erişim Tarihi 10 Aralık 2015).
  • Loughlin, John. “Introduction: The Transformation of the Democratic State in Western Europe”, John Loughlin (der.), Subnational Democracy in the European Union, Oxford & New York, Oxford University Press, 2001.
  • Lynch, Peter. Minority Nationalism and European Integration, Cardiff, University of Wales Press, 1996.
  • Lynch, Peter. The History of the Scottish National Party, Wales, Welsh Academic Press, 2002.
  • Mitchell, James. “Member State or Euro-Region? The SNP, Plaid Cymru, and Europe”, David Baker ve David Seawright (der.), Britain For and Against Europe, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1998.
  • McAdam, Doug et al. “Introduction: Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Framing Processes – toward a Synthetic, Comparative Perspective on Social Movements”. Doug McAdam et al. (der.), Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1996, s.1-20.
  • Moravcsik, Andrew ve Frank Schimmelfennig. “Liberal Intergovernmentalism”, Antje Wiener ve Thomas Diez (der.), European Integration Theory, Oxford, Oxford UP, 2009, s.67-90.
  • Nairn, Tom. The Break-up of Britain: Crisis and Neo-Nationalism, London, Verso, 1977.
  • Ohrgaard, Jakob C. “Less Than Supranational, More Than Intergovernmental: European Political Cooperation and the Dynamics of Intergovernmental Integration”, Millennium – Journal of International Studies, Cilt 26, No.1, s.1-29.
  • “Only Scottish independence can solve the ‘English Question’”, Telegraph, 20 Mart 2007, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3638581/Only-Scottish-independence-can-solve-the-English-Question.html (Erişim Tarihi 30 Ekim 2015).
  • Özkırımlı, Umut. Milliyetçilik Kuramları – Eleştirel Bir Bakış, DoğuBatı Yayınevi, Ankara, 2008.
  • Report of the Smith Commission, 27 Kasım 2014, https://www.smith-commission.scot/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/The_Smith_Commission_Report-1.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 5 Aralık 2015).
  • Rosamond, Rosamond. Theories of European Integration, Hampshire & NY, Palgrave, 2000.
  • Saylan, İbrahim. Sub-state Nationalism within European Integration Process: A Comparative Study of Scottish, Basque and Kurdish Cases, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara, Bilkent Üniversitesi, Ekonomi ve Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2011.
  • “Scotland in numbers”, BBC News, 25 Kasım 2013, http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-24866266 (Erişim Tarihi 1 Aralık 2015).
  • “Scottish independence: turnout record as 84% vote”, Scotsman, 19 Eylül 2014, http://www.scotsman.com/news/politics/scottish-independence-turnout-record-as-84-vote-1-3546826 (Erişim Tarihi 10 Aralık 2015).
  • “Scottish independence: Barroso says joining EU would be ‘difficult’”, BBC News, 16 Şubat 2014, http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-26215963 (Erişim tarihi 9 Kasım 2015).
  • Scottish Government Report 2013, Scotland in the European Union, http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0043/00439166.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 9 Kasım 2015), s.12 ve s.14-17.
  • SNP 1997 Genel Seçim Bildirgesi, http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge97/man/snp97.pdf (Erişim Tarihi, 15 Aralık 2015).
  • SNP 2010 Genel Seçim Bildirgesi, http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge10/man/parties/SNP.pdf (Erişim Tarihi, 10 Aralık 2015).
  • SNP 2011 İskoçya Seçimleri Seçim Bildirgesi, http://votesnp.com/campaigns/SNP_Manifesto_2011_lowRes.pdf.
  • SNP Declarations, http://votesnp.com/campaigns/SNP_Manifesto_2011_lowRes.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 15 Aralık 2015).
  • SNP Declarations, http://www.snpcnd.org/index.php?subaction=showfull&id=1443732206&archive=&start_from=&ucat=& (Erişim Tarihi 21 Aralık 2015).
  • “SNP accused of ”, The Guardian, 20 Ağustos 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/aug/20/snp-accused-exaggerating-north-sea-oil-reserves (Erişim Tarihi 19 Mart 2016).
  • “SNP tells Madrid”, The Herald Scotland, 20 Eylül 2015, http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13771674.SNP_tells_Madrid__allow_Catalonia_an_independence_referendum/ (Erişim Tarihi 9 Kasım 2015).
  • “Spain says it could”, The Guardian, 17 Eylül 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/sep/17/spain-independent-scotland-years-eu-membership (Erişim tarihi 12 Kasım 2015).
  • Stone Sweet, Alec ve Wayne Sandholtz. “European Integration and Supranational Governance”, Journal of European Public Policy, Cilt 4, No.3, Eylül 1997, s.297-317.
  • The Scottish Government, Government Expenditure and Revenue Scotland, http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Economy/GERS.
  • The Brookings Institution, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/events/2013/4/09%20scotland/20130409_scotland_salmond_transcript.pdf (Erişim Tarihi, 10 Kasım 2015).
  • The SNP, Scotland: A European Nation, Edinburgh, 1992.
  • The Scottish Government, Scotland’s Future – Your Guide to an Independent Scotland, 2013, http://www.gov.scot/resource/0043/00439021.pdf
  • The Scottish Government, The Scottish Independence Bill, 2014, http://www.gov.scot/resource/0045/00452762.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 8 Aralık 2015). “Trends in National Identity”, British Social Attitudes, http://www.bsa.natcen.ac.uk/latest-report/british-social-attitudes-30/devolution/trends-in-national-identity.aspx (Erişim Tarihi 1 Aralık 2015).
  • “Unionists urged to sign EU letter”, The Herald Scotland, 31 Ocak, 2013, http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13090395.Unionists_urged_to_sign_EU_letter/ (Erişim Tarihi 9 Kasım 2015).
  • Yes Scotland, http://b.3cdn.net/better/8e048b7c5f09e96602_jem6bc28d.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 8 Aralık 2015).

The Past and Present of Scottish Nationalism and the Future of the United Kingdom

Yıl 2017, , 91 - 109, 01.03.2017
https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513197

Öz

Having recently become a noticeable political power in Europe, sub-state nationalism challenges status quo in many EU member states. European integration process has not only expanded the arena of political struggle but also triggered debates over changing characteristics, functions and persistence of nation-state and nationalisms under new circumstances. The fact that Scottish National Party as the dominant actor of Scottish nationalism pursues “independence in Europe” confirms both the evident importance of European integration process and the continued significance of independent statehood as the ultimate goal for sub-state nationalisms. Thus, bringing about critical uncertainties about the future of the UK, Scottish nationalism shows that transformative impact of European integration on nation-state model and nationalisms is far from being fundamental. 

Kaynakça

  • Aktoprak, Elçin. Devletler ve Ulusları, Tan Kitabevi Yayınları, Ankara, 2010.
  • BBC One Scotland, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33Z9l-rWgfA (Zaman Aralığı:1:18,15-1:18,52/1:29,02) (Erişim Tarihi, 18 Mart 2016).
  • Birch, Anthony. “Minority Nationalist Movements and Theories of Political Integration”, World Politics, Cilt 30, No 3, Nisan 1978, s.325-44.
  • BK Hükümeti Hazine Bakanlığı Raporu. “Scotland Analysis: Currency and Monetary Policy”, Nisan 2013, s.69, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/191786/ScotlandAnalysis_acc-1.pdf (Erişim tarihi 18 Mart 2016).
  • Branch, Ann P. ve Jakob C. Ohrgaard, “Trapped in the Supranational-intergovernmental Dichotomy: A Response to Stone Sweet & Sandholtz”, Journal of European Public Policy, Cilt 6, No.1, s.123-43.
  • Breuilly, John. Nationalism and the State (2.Baskı), Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1993.
  • Brown, Alice et al. Politics and Society in Scotland, Basingstoke, Macmillan Press, 1998.
  • Catt, Helen ve Michael Murphy. Sub-State Nationalism: A Comparative Analysis of Institutional Design, Oxford & New York, Routledge, 2002.
  • Crawford, James ve Alan Boyle. “Annex A Opinion: Referendum on the Independence of Scotland, International Law Aspects, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/79408/Annex_A.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 1 Aralık 2015).
  • Dardanelli, Paolo. Between the Two Unions- Europeanisation and Scottish Devolution, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 2002.
  • De Winter, Lieven. “Conclusion: A Comparative Analysis of Electoral, Office, and Policy Success of Ethnoregionalist Parties”, Lieven de Winter ve Huri Türsan (der.), Regionalist Parties in Western Europe, London & New York, Routledge, 1998.
  • Dewdney, Richard. House of Commons Library, Social and General Statistics Section, Results of Devolution Referendums (1979 & 1997), s.12, 10 Kasım 1997, file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/RP97-113%20(1).pdf (Erişim Tarihi, 14 Temmuz 2016).
  • Dickson, Tony. “Scotland is Different, OK?”. David McCrone et al. (der.), The Making of Scotland: Nation, Culture and Social Change, Great Britain, Edinburgh University Press, 1989.
  • Elections Scotland - Scottish Independence Referendum, http://scotlandreferendum.info/ (Erişim Tarihi 10 Aralık 2015).
  • Electoral Commission, “Scottish Independence Referendum”, Aralık 2014, http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/179812/Scottish-independence-referendum-report.pdf. European Free Alliance, http://www.e-f-a.org/home/.
  • “Former NATO commander attacks SNP defence policy”, BBC News, 31 Ağustos 2014, http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-29005808 (Erişim Tarihi 18 Mart 2016).
  • Harvie, Christopher. Scotland- A Short History, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2014.
  • Hobsbawm, Eric J. Milletler ve Milliyetçilik (3.Basım), Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul, 2006.
  • Hooghe, Liesbet. “Nationalist Movements and Social Factors: A Theoretical Perspective”, John W. Coakley (der.), The Social Origins of Nationalist Movements: The Contemporary West European Experience, London, Sage, 1992, s.21-44.
  • Hoppe, Marcus. “Sub-state Nationalism and European Integration: Constructing Identity in the Multilevel Political Space of Europe”, Journal of Contemporary European Research, Cilt 1, No 2, 2005, s.13-28.
  • Houten, Pieter van. “Regional Assertiveness in Western Europe – A Statistical Exploration”, April 2001, Grenoble, s.16, https://ecpr.eu/Filestore/PaperProposal/11d561d0-664a-4973-a424-91ce46fce5de.pdf , (Erişim Tarihi 15 Ekim 2015).
  • Ichijo, Atsuko. Scottish Nationalism and the Idea of Europe, Oxon & New York, Routledge, 2004. “Independence referendum one year on: the winners and losers”, Scotsman, 18 Eylül 2015, http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/independence-referendum-one-year-on-the-winners-and-losers-1-3891329#axzz3q3Ex9rbS (Erişim Tarihi 11 Aralık 2015).
  • Judge, David. Political Institutions in the United Kingdom, Oxford & New York, Oxford University Press, 2005. Katalonya Parlamentosu, http://catalanassembly.org/en/catalonia-said-yes-to-independence/ (Erişim Tarihi 12 Kasım 2015).
  • Keating, Michael. Nations against the State: the New Politics of Nationalism in Quebec, Catalonia, and Scotland, London, Macmillan, 1996.
  • Lindsay, Isobel. “The SNP and the Lure of Europe”, Tom Gallagher (der.), Nationalism in the Nineties, Edinburgh, Polygon, 1991.
  • Lord Ashcroft Polls, “Scotland Independence Referendum”, http://lordashcroftpolls.com/2014/09/scotland-voted/ ; http://blog.whatscotlandthinks.org/2014/09/voted-yes-voted/ (Erişim Tarihi 10 Aralık 2015).
  • Loughlin, John. “Introduction: The Transformation of the Democratic State in Western Europe”, John Loughlin (der.), Subnational Democracy in the European Union, Oxford & New York, Oxford University Press, 2001.
  • Lynch, Peter. Minority Nationalism and European Integration, Cardiff, University of Wales Press, 1996.
  • Lynch, Peter. The History of the Scottish National Party, Wales, Welsh Academic Press, 2002.
  • Mitchell, James. “Member State or Euro-Region? The SNP, Plaid Cymru, and Europe”, David Baker ve David Seawright (der.), Britain For and Against Europe, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1998.
  • McAdam, Doug et al. “Introduction: Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Framing Processes – toward a Synthetic, Comparative Perspective on Social Movements”. Doug McAdam et al. (der.), Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1996, s.1-20.
  • Moravcsik, Andrew ve Frank Schimmelfennig. “Liberal Intergovernmentalism”, Antje Wiener ve Thomas Diez (der.), European Integration Theory, Oxford, Oxford UP, 2009, s.67-90.
  • Nairn, Tom. The Break-up of Britain: Crisis and Neo-Nationalism, London, Verso, 1977.
  • Ohrgaard, Jakob C. “Less Than Supranational, More Than Intergovernmental: European Political Cooperation and the Dynamics of Intergovernmental Integration”, Millennium – Journal of International Studies, Cilt 26, No.1, s.1-29.
  • “Only Scottish independence can solve the ‘English Question’”, Telegraph, 20 Mart 2007, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3638581/Only-Scottish-independence-can-solve-the-English-Question.html (Erişim Tarihi 30 Ekim 2015).
  • Özkırımlı, Umut. Milliyetçilik Kuramları – Eleştirel Bir Bakış, DoğuBatı Yayınevi, Ankara, 2008.
  • Report of the Smith Commission, 27 Kasım 2014, https://www.smith-commission.scot/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/The_Smith_Commission_Report-1.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 5 Aralık 2015).
  • Rosamond, Rosamond. Theories of European Integration, Hampshire & NY, Palgrave, 2000.
  • Saylan, İbrahim. Sub-state Nationalism within European Integration Process: A Comparative Study of Scottish, Basque and Kurdish Cases, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara, Bilkent Üniversitesi, Ekonomi ve Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2011.
  • “Scotland in numbers”, BBC News, 25 Kasım 2013, http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-24866266 (Erişim Tarihi 1 Aralık 2015).
  • “Scottish independence: turnout record as 84% vote”, Scotsman, 19 Eylül 2014, http://www.scotsman.com/news/politics/scottish-independence-turnout-record-as-84-vote-1-3546826 (Erişim Tarihi 10 Aralık 2015).
  • “Scottish independence: Barroso says joining EU would be ‘difficult’”, BBC News, 16 Şubat 2014, http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-26215963 (Erişim tarihi 9 Kasım 2015).
  • Scottish Government Report 2013, Scotland in the European Union, http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0043/00439166.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 9 Kasım 2015), s.12 ve s.14-17.
  • SNP 1997 Genel Seçim Bildirgesi, http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge97/man/snp97.pdf (Erişim Tarihi, 15 Aralık 2015).
  • SNP 2010 Genel Seçim Bildirgesi, http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/ge10/man/parties/SNP.pdf (Erişim Tarihi, 10 Aralık 2015).
  • SNP 2011 İskoçya Seçimleri Seçim Bildirgesi, http://votesnp.com/campaigns/SNP_Manifesto_2011_lowRes.pdf.
  • SNP Declarations, http://votesnp.com/campaigns/SNP_Manifesto_2011_lowRes.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 15 Aralık 2015).
  • SNP Declarations, http://www.snpcnd.org/index.php?subaction=showfull&id=1443732206&archive=&start_from=&ucat=& (Erişim Tarihi 21 Aralık 2015).
  • “SNP accused of ”, The Guardian, 20 Ağustos 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/aug/20/snp-accused-exaggerating-north-sea-oil-reserves (Erişim Tarihi 19 Mart 2016).
  • “SNP tells Madrid”, The Herald Scotland, 20 Eylül 2015, http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13771674.SNP_tells_Madrid__allow_Catalonia_an_independence_referendum/ (Erişim Tarihi 9 Kasım 2015).
  • “Spain says it could”, The Guardian, 17 Eylül 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/sep/17/spain-independent-scotland-years-eu-membership (Erişim tarihi 12 Kasım 2015).
  • Stone Sweet, Alec ve Wayne Sandholtz. “European Integration and Supranational Governance”, Journal of European Public Policy, Cilt 4, No.3, Eylül 1997, s.297-317.
  • The Scottish Government, Government Expenditure and Revenue Scotland, http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Economy/GERS.
  • The Brookings Institution, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/events/2013/4/09%20scotland/20130409_scotland_salmond_transcript.pdf (Erişim Tarihi, 10 Kasım 2015).
  • The SNP, Scotland: A European Nation, Edinburgh, 1992.
  • The Scottish Government, Scotland’s Future – Your Guide to an Independent Scotland, 2013, http://www.gov.scot/resource/0043/00439021.pdf
  • The Scottish Government, The Scottish Independence Bill, 2014, http://www.gov.scot/resource/0045/00452762.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 8 Aralık 2015). “Trends in National Identity”, British Social Attitudes, http://www.bsa.natcen.ac.uk/latest-report/british-social-attitudes-30/devolution/trends-in-national-identity.aspx (Erişim Tarihi 1 Aralık 2015).
  • “Unionists urged to sign EU letter”, The Herald Scotland, 31 Ocak, 2013, http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13090395.Unionists_urged_to_sign_EU_letter/ (Erişim Tarihi 9 Kasım 2015).
  • Yes Scotland, http://b.3cdn.net/better/8e048b7c5f09e96602_jem6bc28d.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 8 Aralık 2015).
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İbrahim Saylan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017

Kaynak Göster

APA Saylan, İ. (2017). İskoç Milliyetçiliğinin Dünü, Bugünü ve Birleşik Krallığın Geleceği. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 14(53), 91-109. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513197
AMA Saylan İ. İskoç Milliyetçiliğinin Dünü, Bugünü ve Birleşik Krallığın Geleceği. uidergisi. Mart 2017;14(53):91-109. doi:10.33458/uidergisi.513197
Chicago Saylan, İbrahim. “İskoç Milliyetçiliğinin Dünü, Bugünü Ve Birleşik Krallığın Geleceği”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 14, sy. 53 (Mart 2017): 91-109. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513197.
EndNote Saylan İ (01 Mart 2017) İskoç Milliyetçiliğinin Dünü, Bugünü ve Birleşik Krallığın Geleceği. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 14 53 91–109.
IEEE İ. Saylan, “İskoç Milliyetçiliğinin Dünü, Bugünü ve Birleşik Krallığın Geleceği”, uidergisi, c. 14, sy. 53, ss. 91–109, 2017, doi: 10.33458/uidergisi.513197.
ISNAD Saylan, İbrahim. “İskoç Milliyetçiliğinin Dünü, Bugünü Ve Birleşik Krallığın Geleceği”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 14/53 (Mart 2017), 91-109. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513197.
JAMA Saylan İ. İskoç Milliyetçiliğinin Dünü, Bugünü ve Birleşik Krallığın Geleceği. uidergisi. 2017;14:91–109.
MLA Saylan, İbrahim. “İskoç Milliyetçiliğinin Dünü, Bugünü Ve Birleşik Krallığın Geleceği”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, c. 14, sy. 53, 2017, ss. 91-109, doi:10.33458/uidergisi.513197.
Vancouver Saylan İ. İskoç Milliyetçiliğinin Dünü, Bugünü ve Birleşik Krallığın Geleceği. uidergisi. 2017;14(53):91-109.