Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

İklim Değişikliği ve Güvenlik: Farklı Algılar, Farklı Yaklaşımlar

Yıl 2017, , 21 - 44, 01.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513222

Öz

İklim değişikliğinin sonuçlarına yönelik ilgi, ortaya çıkan bilimsel deliller ve karşılaşılan çevresel felaketlerin de etkisiyle gitgide artmaktadır. Son zamanlarda iklim değişikliğini bir güvenlik sorunu olarak ele alan çalışmalar da dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışma, belli bir çerçeve dâhilinde, iklim değişikliğini ele alan farklı güvenlik yaklaşımlarını analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çerçevede, iklim değişikline olan güvenlik yaklaşımları, iklim değişikliğinin güvenlikleştirilmesini destekleyenler ve karşı çıkanlar olmak üzere ikiye bölünmüştür. Bu çalışmada, iki grubun içindeki farklı yaklaşımlar ve mantıklar analiz edilmiştir. Son olarak, literatürde son zamanlarda ortaya çıkan ve iklim değişikliğinin Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplinindeki güvenlik anlayışına etkilerini irdeleyen, “güvenliğin iklimleştirilmesi” konusu incelenmiştir. 

Kaynakça

  • Benjaminsen, Tor A. “Does Supply-Induced Scarcity Drive Violent Conflicts in the African Sahel? The Case of the Tuareg Rebellion in Northern Mali”, Journal of Peace Research, Vol.45, No.6, 2008, p.819-836.
  • Bigo, Didier and Anastassia Tsoukala. “Understanding (In)security“, Didier Bigo and Anastassia Tsoukala, (eds), Terror Insecurity and Fear. Abingdon, Routledge, 2008.
  • Boas, Ingrid. “Where is the South in security discourse on climate change? An analysis of India”, Critical Studies on Security, Vol.2, No.2, 2014, p.148–161.
  • Booth, Ken. Theory of World Security, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  • Brauch, Hans Gunter. “Securitizing Climate Change”, Paper Presented at 50th ISA Annual Convention, New York, February 2008.
  • Brown, Oli and Alec Crawford. “Battling the Elements: The security threat of climate change”, International Institute for Sustainable Development Commentary, December 2009.
  • Brown, Oli, Anne Hammill and Robert McLeman. “Climate change as the ‘new’ security threat: implications for Africa”, International Affairs, Vol.83 No.6, 2007, p.1141–1154.
  • Brown, Oli and Robert McLeman. “A recurring anarchy? The emergence of climate change as a threat to international peace and security”, Conflict, Security & Development, Vol.9, No.3, 2009, p.289-305.
  • Buckland, Ben. “A Climate of War? Stopping the Securitization of Global Climate Change”, Geneva: International Peace Bureau, 2007, http://www.ipb.org/uploads/tbl_contingut_web/176/documents/paper.pdf, (Accessed on 01 March 2016).
  • Buhaug, Halvard. “Climate Not to Blame for African Civil Wars”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, Vol.107, No.38, 2010, p.16477–16482.
  • Burke, Anthony. “Security Cosmopolitanism”, Critical Studies on Security, Vol.1, No.1, 2013, p.13-28.
  • Buzan, Barry, People, States and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era, 2nd ed., Boulder, Lynne Rienner Pub, 1991.
  • Buzan, Barry, Ole Weaver and Jaap De Wilde. Security: A New Framework for Analysis, Boulder, Lynne Rienner Pub, 1998.
  • Campbell, Kurt M., Alexander T.J. Lennon and Julianne Smith. “The Age of Consequences: The Foreign Policy and National Security Implications of Global Climate Change Report”, Center for Strategic & international Studies, November 2007, p.106-108, http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/071105_ageofconsequences.pdf, (Accessed on 03 April 2016).
  • Carrington, Damian. “Climate changes double risk of civil war, scientists warn”, The Guardian, 25 August 2011. Chandler, David and Nik Hynek. Critical Perspectives on Human Security: Rethinking Emancipation and Power in International Relations, London & New York, Routledge, 2011.
  • “Climate Change and International Security”, High Representative for CFSP and the European Commission, 2008, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/reports/99387.pdf, (Accessed on 01 March 2016).
  • “Climate Change and its Possible Security Implications”, UNGA Resolution A/RES/63/281, June 2009, http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/res%2063%20281.pdf, (Accessed of 21 January 2016).
  • Dalby, Simon. Security and Environmental Change, Cambridge, Polity Press, 2009.
  • Detraz, Nicole and Michele Betsill. “Climate Change and Environmental Security: For Whom the Discourse Shifts”, International Studies Perspectives, Vol.10, No.3, 2009, p.303–320.
  • Detraz, Nicole. “Threats or Vulnerabilities? Assessing the Link between Climate Change and Security”, Global Environmental Politics, Vol.11, No.3, 2011, p.104-120.
  • Duffield, Mark and Nicholas Waddell. “Securing Humans in a Dangerous World”, International Politics, Vol.43, No.1, 2006, p.1-23.
  • Dupond, Alan and Graeme Pearman. “Heating up the Planet Climate: Change and Security”, Lowy Institute Paper 12, 2006, http://www.lowyinstitute.org/files/pubfiles/LIP12_Dupont_WEB.pdf, (Accessed on 01 March 2016).
  • Joshi, Sunjoy. “Climate change a more serious threat than Islamic radicalism”, Hindustan Times. 2009.
  • Floyd, Rita. “Climate Change, Environmental Security Studies, and the Morality of Climate Security”, 20 January 2012, http://www.e- ir.info/2012/01/20/climate- change- environmental- security- studies- and- the- morality- of- climate- security/, (Accessed on 02 March 2016).
  • Foucault, Michel. Security, Territory, Population, (trans.), Graham Burchell, New York, Picador, 2007.
  • Foucault, Michel. Society Must be Defended, (trans.), David Macey, New York, Picador, 1997.
  • Foucault, Michel. The Will to Knowledge: The History of Sexuality Volume 1, (trans.), Robert Hurley, London, Penguin Books, 1998.
  • Garcia, Denise. “Warming to a Redefinition of International Security: The Consolidation of a Norm Concerning Climate Change”, International Relations, Vol.24, No.3, 2010, p.271-292.
  • Gleditsch, Nils Petter. 2012, “Whither the weather? Climate change and conflict”, Journal of Peace Research, vol.49, No.1, 2012, p.3–9.
  • Gleick, Peter H. “The implications of global climatic changes for international security”, Climatic Change, Vol.15, No.1–2, 1989, p.309–325.
  • Hartmann, Betsy. “Rethinking climate refugees and climate conflict: rhetoric, reality and the politics of policy discourse”, Journal of International Development, Vol.22, No.2, 2010, p.233–246.
  • Hermwille, Lucas. “Climate Change as a Transformation Challenge. A New Climate Policy Paradigm?”, GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society, Vol.25, No.1, 2016, p.19-22.
  • Homer-Dixon, Thomas. “On the Threshold: Environmental Changes as Causes of Acute Conflict”, International Security, Vol.16, No.2, 1991.
  • Homer-Dixon, Thomas. “Environmental scarcities and violent conflict: Evidence from Cases”, International Security, Vol.19 No.1, 1994, p.5–40;
  • “Human Security in Theory and Practice”, Human Security Unit, United Nations, http://www.un.org/humansecurity/sites/www.un.org.humansecurity/files/human_security_in_theory_and_practice_english.pdf, (Accessed on 02 March 2016).
  • “Human Security Now”, The Commission on Human Security, 2003, http://www.un.org/humansecurity/sites/www.un.org.humansecurity/files/chs_final_report_-_english.pdf, (Accessed on 03 March 2016).
  • Kahl, Colin. States, Scarcity and Civil Strife in the Developing World, Princetion, N.J., Princeton University Press, 2006.
  • Kaplan, Robert. “The Coming Anarchy”, Atlantic Monthly, Vol.273, No.2, 1994, p.44–76.
  • Kelley, Colin P. et.al. “Climate Change in the Fertile Crescent and Implications of the Recent Syrian drought”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), Vol.112, No.11, 2015, p.3241–3246.
  • Krause, Keith and Williams, Michael. “Broadening the Agenda of Security Studies: Politics and Methods”, Mershon International Studies Review, Vol.40, No.2, 1996, p.229-254.
  • Kyle Grayson. “Branding ‘transformation’ in Canadian foreign policy: Human Security”, Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, Vol.11, No.2, 2004, p.41-68.
  • McDonald, Matt. Security, the Environment and Emancipation: Contestation over Environmental Change, London & New York, Routledge, 2012.
  • Mathews, Jessica Tuchman. “Redefining Security”, Foreign Affairs, Vol.68, No.2, 1989, p.162-177.
  • Miller, Benjamin. “The Concept of Security: Should it be Redefined?”, The Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol.24, No.2, 2001, p.13-42.
  • Oels, Angela. “From Securitization of the Climate Change to Climatization of the Security Field”, Jürgen Scheffran, Michael Brzoska, Han Günter Brauch, Peter Michael Link and Janpeter Schilling (der), Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict: Challenges for Societal Stability, Heidelberg, London & New York, Springer, 2012.
  • Peoples, Columba and Nick/Voughan–Williams. Critical Security Studies: An Introduction, Abingdon: Routledge, 2010.
  • Rockström, Johan et.al. “A safe operating space for humanity”, Nature, No.461, 2009, p.472-475.
  • Rodrigues de Brito, Rafaela. “A Climate for Conflict or Cooperation? Addressing the Securitization of Climate Change”, Paper presented at the Third Global International Studies Conference, Portugal, August 2011.
  • Rothe, Delf. Securitizing Global Warming: A Climate of Complexity, Abingdon, Routledge, 2016.
  • Salami, Nawaf. (Speech), United Nations Security Council, Sixty-sixth year 6587th meeting, 20 July 2011, http://www.un.org/press/en/2011/sc10332.doc.htm (Accessed on 03 April 2016).
  • Salehyan, Idean. “From Climate Change to Conflict? No Consensus Yet”, Journal of Peace Research, Vol.45, No.3, 2008, p.315-326.
  • Sellers, P. J. “Cancer and climate change“, New York Times, 16 January 2016.
  • Schwartz, Peter and Doug Randall. An Abrupt Climate Change Scenario and its Implications for United States National Security, Washington, DC, Global Business Network, 2003.
  • Scott, Shirley V. “The Securitization of Climate Change in World Politics: How Close have We Come and would Full Securitization Enhance the Efficacy of Global Climate Change Policy?”, Review of European Community & International Environmental Law, Vol.21 No.3, 2012, p.220-230.
  • Smith, Steve. “The Contested Concept of Security”, Ken Booth (ed), Critical Security Studies and World Politics, Boulder & London, Lynne Rienner, 2005.
  • Steffen, Will, Jacques Grinevald, Paul Crutzen and John McNeill. “The Anthropocene: Conceptual and Historical Perspectives”, The Royal Society, No.369, 2011, p.842-867.
  • Suhrke, Astri. “Human Security and the Interests of States”, Security Dialogue, Vol.30, No.3, 1999, p.65-276.
  • Theisen, Ole Magnus, Helge Holtermann and Halvard Buhaug. “Climate Wars? Assessing the claim that drought breeds conflict”, International Security, Vol.36, No.3, 2012, p.79–106.
  • “The Nobel Peace Prize”, 2007, http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2007/, (Accessed on 01 March 2016).
  • Tramel, Selena. “Social Movements Gain Momentum in the Fight for Climate Justice”, The World Post, 14 April 2014. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/salena-tramel/social-movements-gain-mom_b_6102184.html, (Accessed on 10 October 2016).
  • Trombetta, Maria Julia. “Environmental security and climate change: analyzing the discourse”, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Vol.21, No.4, 2008, p.585-602.
  • Ullman, Richard H. “Redefining Security”, International Security, Vol.8, No.1, 1983, p.129-153.
  • “UNDP Human Development Report”, 1994, http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/255/hdr_1994_en_complete_nostats.pdf, (Accessed on 03 March 2016).
  • “UNDP Human Development Report”, 2007/2008, http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/268/hdr_20072008_en_complete.pdf, (Accessed on 03 March 2016).
  • “UNEP Annual Report”, 2007, http://www.unep.org/PDF/AnnualReport/2007/AnnualReport2007_en_web.pdf, (Accessed on 04 September 2016).
  • Verbeke, Johan. (Speech), United Nations Security Council, Sixty-second year 5663rd meeting, 17 April 2007, http://www.un.org/press/en/2007/sc9000.doc.htm, (Accessed on 03 April 2016).
  • Wæver, Ole. “Securitization and Desecuritization”, Ronnie D. Lipschutz (ed.), On Security, New York, Columbia University Press, 1995, pp. 46-86.
  • Walt, Stephen M. “The Renaissance of Security Studies”, International Studies Quarterly, Vol.3, No.5, 1991, p.211-239.
  • Williams, Michael C. “Words, Images, Enemies: Securitization and International Politics”, International Studies Quarterly, Vol.47, No.4, p.511-531.

Climate Change and Security: Different Perceptions, Different Approaches

Yıl 2017, , 21 - 44, 01.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513222

Öz

The concerns about the results of climate change have been increasing as new scientific proofs emerge and people witness its direct effects in environmental catastrophes. There also have been different efforts to frame climate change as a security issue. This study aims to analyze different security approaches to climate change with a particular framework. The framework divides these approaches into two: opponents and proponents of the securitization of climate change. It also analyzes different approaches and logics within both camps. Finally, the study examines and evaluates the emerging literature on the “climatization of security” which focuses on the impacts of climate change on the understanding of security in the discipline of International Relations. 

Kaynakça

  • Benjaminsen, Tor A. “Does Supply-Induced Scarcity Drive Violent Conflicts in the African Sahel? The Case of the Tuareg Rebellion in Northern Mali”, Journal of Peace Research, Vol.45, No.6, 2008, p.819-836.
  • Bigo, Didier and Anastassia Tsoukala. “Understanding (In)security“, Didier Bigo and Anastassia Tsoukala, (eds), Terror Insecurity and Fear. Abingdon, Routledge, 2008.
  • Boas, Ingrid. “Where is the South in security discourse on climate change? An analysis of India”, Critical Studies on Security, Vol.2, No.2, 2014, p.148–161.
  • Booth, Ken. Theory of World Security, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  • Brauch, Hans Gunter. “Securitizing Climate Change”, Paper Presented at 50th ISA Annual Convention, New York, February 2008.
  • Brown, Oli and Alec Crawford. “Battling the Elements: The security threat of climate change”, International Institute for Sustainable Development Commentary, December 2009.
  • Brown, Oli, Anne Hammill and Robert McLeman. “Climate change as the ‘new’ security threat: implications for Africa”, International Affairs, Vol.83 No.6, 2007, p.1141–1154.
  • Brown, Oli and Robert McLeman. “A recurring anarchy? The emergence of climate change as a threat to international peace and security”, Conflict, Security & Development, Vol.9, No.3, 2009, p.289-305.
  • Buckland, Ben. “A Climate of War? Stopping the Securitization of Global Climate Change”, Geneva: International Peace Bureau, 2007, http://www.ipb.org/uploads/tbl_contingut_web/176/documents/paper.pdf, (Accessed on 01 March 2016).
  • Buhaug, Halvard. “Climate Not to Blame for African Civil Wars”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, Vol.107, No.38, 2010, p.16477–16482.
  • Burke, Anthony. “Security Cosmopolitanism”, Critical Studies on Security, Vol.1, No.1, 2013, p.13-28.
  • Buzan, Barry, People, States and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era, 2nd ed., Boulder, Lynne Rienner Pub, 1991.
  • Buzan, Barry, Ole Weaver and Jaap De Wilde. Security: A New Framework for Analysis, Boulder, Lynne Rienner Pub, 1998.
  • Campbell, Kurt M., Alexander T.J. Lennon and Julianne Smith. “The Age of Consequences: The Foreign Policy and National Security Implications of Global Climate Change Report”, Center for Strategic & international Studies, November 2007, p.106-108, http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/071105_ageofconsequences.pdf, (Accessed on 03 April 2016).
  • Carrington, Damian. “Climate changes double risk of civil war, scientists warn”, The Guardian, 25 August 2011. Chandler, David and Nik Hynek. Critical Perspectives on Human Security: Rethinking Emancipation and Power in International Relations, London & New York, Routledge, 2011.
  • “Climate Change and International Security”, High Representative for CFSP and the European Commission, 2008, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/reports/99387.pdf, (Accessed on 01 March 2016).
  • “Climate Change and its Possible Security Implications”, UNGA Resolution A/RES/63/281, June 2009, http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/res%2063%20281.pdf, (Accessed of 21 January 2016).
  • Dalby, Simon. Security and Environmental Change, Cambridge, Polity Press, 2009.
  • Detraz, Nicole and Michele Betsill. “Climate Change and Environmental Security: For Whom the Discourse Shifts”, International Studies Perspectives, Vol.10, No.3, 2009, p.303–320.
  • Detraz, Nicole. “Threats or Vulnerabilities? Assessing the Link between Climate Change and Security”, Global Environmental Politics, Vol.11, No.3, 2011, p.104-120.
  • Duffield, Mark and Nicholas Waddell. “Securing Humans in a Dangerous World”, International Politics, Vol.43, No.1, 2006, p.1-23.
  • Dupond, Alan and Graeme Pearman. “Heating up the Planet Climate: Change and Security”, Lowy Institute Paper 12, 2006, http://www.lowyinstitute.org/files/pubfiles/LIP12_Dupont_WEB.pdf, (Accessed on 01 March 2016).
  • Joshi, Sunjoy. “Climate change a more serious threat than Islamic radicalism”, Hindustan Times. 2009.
  • Floyd, Rita. “Climate Change, Environmental Security Studies, and the Morality of Climate Security”, 20 January 2012, http://www.e- ir.info/2012/01/20/climate- change- environmental- security- studies- and- the- morality- of- climate- security/, (Accessed on 02 March 2016).
  • Foucault, Michel. Security, Territory, Population, (trans.), Graham Burchell, New York, Picador, 2007.
  • Foucault, Michel. Society Must be Defended, (trans.), David Macey, New York, Picador, 1997.
  • Foucault, Michel. The Will to Knowledge: The History of Sexuality Volume 1, (trans.), Robert Hurley, London, Penguin Books, 1998.
  • Garcia, Denise. “Warming to a Redefinition of International Security: The Consolidation of a Norm Concerning Climate Change”, International Relations, Vol.24, No.3, 2010, p.271-292.
  • Gleditsch, Nils Petter. 2012, “Whither the weather? Climate change and conflict”, Journal of Peace Research, vol.49, No.1, 2012, p.3–9.
  • Gleick, Peter H. “The implications of global climatic changes for international security”, Climatic Change, Vol.15, No.1–2, 1989, p.309–325.
  • Hartmann, Betsy. “Rethinking climate refugees and climate conflict: rhetoric, reality and the politics of policy discourse”, Journal of International Development, Vol.22, No.2, 2010, p.233–246.
  • Hermwille, Lucas. “Climate Change as a Transformation Challenge. A New Climate Policy Paradigm?”, GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society, Vol.25, No.1, 2016, p.19-22.
  • Homer-Dixon, Thomas. “On the Threshold: Environmental Changes as Causes of Acute Conflict”, International Security, Vol.16, No.2, 1991.
  • Homer-Dixon, Thomas. “Environmental scarcities and violent conflict: Evidence from Cases”, International Security, Vol.19 No.1, 1994, p.5–40;
  • “Human Security in Theory and Practice”, Human Security Unit, United Nations, http://www.un.org/humansecurity/sites/www.un.org.humansecurity/files/human_security_in_theory_and_practice_english.pdf, (Accessed on 02 March 2016).
  • “Human Security Now”, The Commission on Human Security, 2003, http://www.un.org/humansecurity/sites/www.un.org.humansecurity/files/chs_final_report_-_english.pdf, (Accessed on 03 March 2016).
  • Kahl, Colin. States, Scarcity and Civil Strife in the Developing World, Princetion, N.J., Princeton University Press, 2006.
  • Kaplan, Robert. “The Coming Anarchy”, Atlantic Monthly, Vol.273, No.2, 1994, p.44–76.
  • Kelley, Colin P. et.al. “Climate Change in the Fertile Crescent and Implications of the Recent Syrian drought”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), Vol.112, No.11, 2015, p.3241–3246.
  • Krause, Keith and Williams, Michael. “Broadening the Agenda of Security Studies: Politics and Methods”, Mershon International Studies Review, Vol.40, No.2, 1996, p.229-254.
  • Kyle Grayson. “Branding ‘transformation’ in Canadian foreign policy: Human Security”, Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, Vol.11, No.2, 2004, p.41-68.
  • McDonald, Matt. Security, the Environment and Emancipation: Contestation over Environmental Change, London & New York, Routledge, 2012.
  • Mathews, Jessica Tuchman. “Redefining Security”, Foreign Affairs, Vol.68, No.2, 1989, p.162-177.
  • Miller, Benjamin. “The Concept of Security: Should it be Redefined?”, The Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol.24, No.2, 2001, p.13-42.
  • Oels, Angela. “From Securitization of the Climate Change to Climatization of the Security Field”, Jürgen Scheffran, Michael Brzoska, Han Günter Brauch, Peter Michael Link and Janpeter Schilling (der), Climate Change, Human Security and Violent Conflict: Challenges for Societal Stability, Heidelberg, London & New York, Springer, 2012.
  • Peoples, Columba and Nick/Voughan–Williams. Critical Security Studies: An Introduction, Abingdon: Routledge, 2010.
  • Rockström, Johan et.al. “A safe operating space for humanity”, Nature, No.461, 2009, p.472-475.
  • Rodrigues de Brito, Rafaela. “A Climate for Conflict or Cooperation? Addressing the Securitization of Climate Change”, Paper presented at the Third Global International Studies Conference, Portugal, August 2011.
  • Rothe, Delf. Securitizing Global Warming: A Climate of Complexity, Abingdon, Routledge, 2016.
  • Salami, Nawaf. (Speech), United Nations Security Council, Sixty-sixth year 6587th meeting, 20 July 2011, http://www.un.org/press/en/2011/sc10332.doc.htm (Accessed on 03 April 2016).
  • Salehyan, Idean. “From Climate Change to Conflict? No Consensus Yet”, Journal of Peace Research, Vol.45, No.3, 2008, p.315-326.
  • Sellers, P. J. “Cancer and climate change“, New York Times, 16 January 2016.
  • Schwartz, Peter and Doug Randall. An Abrupt Climate Change Scenario and its Implications for United States National Security, Washington, DC, Global Business Network, 2003.
  • Scott, Shirley V. “The Securitization of Climate Change in World Politics: How Close have We Come and would Full Securitization Enhance the Efficacy of Global Climate Change Policy?”, Review of European Community & International Environmental Law, Vol.21 No.3, 2012, p.220-230.
  • Smith, Steve. “The Contested Concept of Security”, Ken Booth (ed), Critical Security Studies and World Politics, Boulder & London, Lynne Rienner, 2005.
  • Steffen, Will, Jacques Grinevald, Paul Crutzen and John McNeill. “The Anthropocene: Conceptual and Historical Perspectives”, The Royal Society, No.369, 2011, p.842-867.
  • Suhrke, Astri. “Human Security and the Interests of States”, Security Dialogue, Vol.30, No.3, 1999, p.65-276.
  • Theisen, Ole Magnus, Helge Holtermann and Halvard Buhaug. “Climate Wars? Assessing the claim that drought breeds conflict”, International Security, Vol.36, No.3, 2012, p.79–106.
  • “The Nobel Peace Prize”, 2007, http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2007/, (Accessed on 01 March 2016).
  • Tramel, Selena. “Social Movements Gain Momentum in the Fight for Climate Justice”, The World Post, 14 April 2014. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/salena-tramel/social-movements-gain-mom_b_6102184.html, (Accessed on 10 October 2016).
  • Trombetta, Maria Julia. “Environmental security and climate change: analyzing the discourse”, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Vol.21, No.4, 2008, p.585-602.
  • Ullman, Richard H. “Redefining Security”, International Security, Vol.8, No.1, 1983, p.129-153.
  • “UNDP Human Development Report”, 1994, http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/255/hdr_1994_en_complete_nostats.pdf, (Accessed on 03 March 2016).
  • “UNDP Human Development Report”, 2007/2008, http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/268/hdr_20072008_en_complete.pdf, (Accessed on 03 March 2016).
  • “UNEP Annual Report”, 2007, http://www.unep.org/PDF/AnnualReport/2007/AnnualReport2007_en_web.pdf, (Accessed on 04 September 2016).
  • Verbeke, Johan. (Speech), United Nations Security Council, Sixty-second year 5663rd meeting, 17 April 2007, http://www.un.org/press/en/2007/sc9000.doc.htm, (Accessed on 03 April 2016).
  • Wæver, Ole. “Securitization and Desecuritization”, Ronnie D. Lipschutz (ed.), On Security, New York, Columbia University Press, 1995, pp. 46-86.
  • Walt, Stephen M. “The Renaissance of Security Studies”, International Studies Quarterly, Vol.3, No.5, 1991, p.211-239.
  • Williams, Michael C. “Words, Images, Enemies: Securitization and International Politics”, International Studies Quarterly, Vol.47, No.4, p.511-531.
Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Başar Baysal Bu kişi benim

Uluç Karakaş Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017

Kaynak Göster

APA Baysal, B., & Karakaş, U. (2017). Climate Change and Security: Different Perceptions, Different Approaches. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 14(54), 21-44. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513222
AMA Baysal B, Karakaş U. Climate Change and Security: Different Perceptions, Different Approaches. uidergisi. Haziran 2017;14(54):21-44. doi:10.33458/uidergisi.513222
Chicago Baysal, Başar, ve Uluç Karakaş. “Climate Change and Security: Different Perceptions, Different Approaches”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 14, sy. 54 (Haziran 2017): 21-44. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513222.
EndNote Baysal B, Karakaş U (01 Haziran 2017) Climate Change and Security: Different Perceptions, Different Approaches. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 14 54 21–44.
IEEE B. Baysal ve U. Karakaş, “Climate Change and Security: Different Perceptions, Different Approaches”, uidergisi, c. 14, sy. 54, ss. 21–44, 2017, doi: 10.33458/uidergisi.513222.
ISNAD Baysal, Başar - Karakaş, Uluç. “Climate Change and Security: Different Perceptions, Different Approaches”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 14/54 (Haziran 2017), 21-44. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513222.
JAMA Baysal B, Karakaş U. Climate Change and Security: Different Perceptions, Different Approaches. uidergisi. 2017;14:21–44.
MLA Baysal, Başar ve Uluç Karakaş. “Climate Change and Security: Different Perceptions, Different Approaches”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, c. 14, sy. 54, 2017, ss. 21-44, doi:10.33458/uidergisi.513222.
Vancouver Baysal B, Karakaş U. Climate Change and Security: Different Perceptions, Different Approaches. uidergisi. 2017;14(54):21-44.

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