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Bağımsızlık Sonrası Dönemde Kosova’da Barış

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 53, 69 - 90, 01.03.2017

Bülent Sarper Ağır

https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513196

Öz

Barış kavramı, geleneksel olarak devletler arasında savaş ve çatışmanın olmaması durumu olarak anlaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, genişleyen ve derinleşen güvenlik anlayışı, yapısal ve kültürel şiddet türlerinin göz önüne alınmasını gerektirmektedir. Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde sayısı ve yoğunluğu artan devlet-içi çatışmaları sona erdirmek ve uzun süreli bir barışı inşa etmek, önemli gündem maddelerinden birisi haline gelmiştir. Bu nedenle, barış kavramının hem olumsuz hem de olumlu anlamlarda düşünülmesi gereklidir. 17 Şubat 2008’de bağımsızlığını ilan eden Kosova, hala bir geçiş dönemi yaşamaktadır ve önemli toplumsal, siyasi ve ekonomik sorunlarla karşı karşıyadır. Bağımsızlık sonrası dönemde Kosova’daki barış durumunu analiz etmeyi amaçlayan bu çalışmada, yeniden inşa dönemini yaşayan Kosova’nın olumsuz barış anlamında önemli ilerlemeler kaydetmiş olmasına rağmen, olumlu barış anlamında ciddi sorunlarla yüz yüze olduğu belirtilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Barış Olumsuz Barış Olumlu Barış Kosova

Kaynakça

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  • Akgün, Sibel. “Kosova’da Yeniden Yapılandırma Çalışmaları Kapsamında Bugünkü Durumu”, Gazi Akademik Bakış, Cilt 5, No 10, 2012, s. 249-268.
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Peace in the Post-Independence Era of Kosovo

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 53, 69 - 90, 01.03.2017

Bülent Sarper Ağır

https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513196

Öz

The peace concept has been traditionally understood as the absence of conflict and war among the states. However, widening and deepening of security conception requires to consider the forms of structural and cultural violence. While the number and intensity of intra-state conflicts has increased in the post-Cold War era, bringing an end to intra- state conflicts and building a long-lasting peace have become one of the important policy agendas of the international community. So, it is necessary to comprehend the concept of peace in terms of both negative and positive meanings. Post-independence Kosovo has been experiencing a transition period and faces major socio-economic and political problems. This article, which aims to analyze the peace predicament of post-independence era of Kosovo, states that in spite of Kosovo’s significant improvements in terms of negative peace in its reconstruction period, the country faces important problems in terms of positive peace. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Peace Negative Peace Positive Peace Kosovo

Kaynakça

  • Abusara, Adel. “Comparative Analysis”, Miroslav Hadzic, Milorad Timotic ve Predrag Petrovic (der.), Security Policies in the Western Balkans, Belgrade, Center for Civil-Military Relations, 2010, s. 165-184.
  • Ağır, Bülent Sarper. “Kosova’nın Devlet Olma Sorunu”, Ege-Adriyatik Siyaset Kulübü, Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, Cilt 2, No 5, 2015, s. 27-29.
  • Akgün, Sibel. “Kosova’da Yeniden Yapılandırma Çalışmaları Kapsamında Bugünkü Durumu”, Gazi Akademik Bakış, Cilt 5, No 10, 2012, s. 249-268.
  • Arman, Murat Necip. “Avrupa Komşuluk Politikasında Sorunlu Alanlar: İnsan Güvenliği ve Komşuluk İlişkisi”, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Cilt 8, No 31, 2011, s. 45-68.
  • Bakx, Tessa. Serb Perspectives on Decentralization and Local Governance in Kosovo: Towards Integration or Exclusion of the Serb Community in the Republic of Kosovo, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Utrecht, Utrecht University, 2012.
  • Beha, Adem ve Gezim Visoka. “Human Security as ‘Ethnic Security’ in Kosovo”, Human Security Perspectives, Cilt 7, No 1, 2010, s. 83-101.
  • Bieber, Florian. “Building Impossible States: State-building Strategies and EU Membership in the Western Balkans”, Europe-Asia Studies, Cilt 63, No 10, 2011, s. 1783-1802.
  • Birdişli, Fikret. Teori ve Pratikte Uluslararası Güvenlik: Kavram, Teori, Uygulaması, Ankara, Seçkin Yayınları, 2014.
  • Burema, Lars. “Reconciliation in Kosovo: A Few Steps Taken, A Long Road Ahead”, Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, Cilt 11, No 4, 2012, s. 7-27.
  • Chandler, David. “Kosovo’s Declaration of Independence”, Global Research, 15 January 2008, http://www.globalresearch.ca/kosovo-s-declaration-of-dependence/7805, (Erişim Tarihi 2 Temmuz 2016).
  • Delafrouz, Ghazal. “Vetevendosje: A Minor Field Study of the Kosovo Albanian Resistance Movement”, Department of Political Science, Lund University, 2009, https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/search/publication/1405441, (Erişim Tarihi 7 Temmuz 2016).
  • Djukanovic, Dragan. “Post-Conflict Integration of Minority Ethnic Communities in Kosovo”, HUMSEC Working Papers, Ekim 2008, http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/?lang=en&id=102359, (Erişim Tarihi 10 Haziran 2015).
  • Dzihic, Vedran ve Helmut Kramer. “Kosovo After Independence: Is the EU’s EULEX Mission Delivering on its Promises”, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Temmuz 2009, http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/ipa/06571.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 10 Eylül 2015).
  • Ejdus, Filip ve Marko Savkovic. “Emergent Concept of National Security Policy in Republic of Serbia”, Center for European and North Atlantic Affairs, http://cenaa.org/analysis/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Ejdus-Savkovic.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 5 Temmuz 2015).
  • Emiroğlu, Hüseyin. Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Kosova Sorunu 1989-2000, Ankara, Asil Yayın Dağıtım, 2010.
  • European Commission. “Kosovo - Fulfilling its European Perspective”, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council, Brussels, 14 Ekim 2009, COM(2009) 5343, http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2009/kosovo_study_en.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 19 Ekim 2016).
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  • European Commission. “Kosovo 2010 Progress Report”, 2010, http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2010/package/ks_rapport_2010_en.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 4 Ekim 2015).
  • EU Commission. “Staff Working Document on Kosovo 2015”, Brussels, 10 Kasım 2015, http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2015/20151110_report_kosovo.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 4 Temmuz 2016).
  • Gajin, Dragan ve Asım Jusic. “The ICJ on the Legality of Kosovo’s Declaration of Independence”, Democracy and Security, Cilt 2, No 6-7, 2011, s. 117-123.
  • Galtung, Johan. “Violence, Peace and Peace Research”, Journal of Peace Research, Cilt 6, No 3, 1969, s. 167-191.
  • Galtung, Johan. “Twenty-five Years of Peace Research: Ten Challenges and Some Responses”, Journal of Peace Research, Cilt 22, No 2, 1985, s. 141-158.
  • Galtung, Johan. “Cultural Violence”, Journal of Peace Research, Cilt 27, No 3, 1990, s. 291-305.
  • Galtung, Johan. Peace by Peaceful Means: Peace and Conflict, Development and Civilization, Oslo, Sage Publications, 1996.
  • Geldenhuys, Deon. Contested States in World Politics, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
  • Hinz, Julia. “Is the Return of Kosovar Serbs to Their Homes Sustainable?”, http://www.lse.ac.uk/europeanInstitute/research/LSEE/PDFs/PhD%20Symposium/Papers%202010/Hinz.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 10 Eylül 2015).
  • Human Rights Watch. “World Report”, 2010, http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/wr2010.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 1 Ocak 2015).
  • Huszka, Beata. “Increasing Human Security as an Instrument of Conflict Resolution: The Case Study of the Serbian Community in Kosovo”, HIIA Papers, 2014, http://kki.gov.hu/download/0/59/b0000/huszkab.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 10 Temmuz 2015).
  • International Court of Justice. Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo, 22 July 2010, http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/141/15987.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 19 Ekim 2016).
  • International Crisis Group. “Setting Kosovo Free: Remaining Challenges”, No 218, 10 September 2012, http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/europe/balkans/kosovo/218-setting-kosovo-free-remaining-challenges.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 5 Temmuz 2015).
  • International Crisis Group. “North Kosovo: Kosovo-Dual Sovereignty in Practice”, No 211, 14 Mart 2011, http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/europe/balkans/kosovo/211%20North%20Kosovo%20---%20Dual%20Sovereignty%20in%20Practice.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 10 Temmuz 2015).
  • Jano, Dorian. “Kosovo Multi-Layer Identity: What is the Same, Different and in Common with Albanian Identity”, Journal of European and International Affairs, Cilt 1, No 1, 2013, s. 27-40.
  • Judah, Tim. Kosovo: War and Revenge, New Haven, Yale University Press, 2002.
  • Ker-Lindsay, James. Kosovo: The Path to Contested Statehood in the Balkans, London, I.B.Tauris, 2009.
  • “Kosovalı Sırplar Başkaldırdı”, Habertürk, 16 Şubat 2012, http://www.haberturk.com/dunya/haber/716535-kosovali-sirplar-baskaldirdi, (Erişim Tarihi 2 Temmuz 2016).
  • Kosovar Stability Initiative. “Mitrovica: One City, Two Realities”, 17 December 2009, http://www.iksweb.org/repository/docs/enMitrovica_one_city,_two_realities_6_Briefs_FINAL_with_cover_816547.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 5 Ağustos 2015).
  • Krasniqi, Valon. “Political Parties Ideologies in Kosovo”, Revista de Stiinte Politice, No.49, 2016, s.108-119.
  • Lawler, Peter. “Peace Studies”, Paul Williams (der.), Security Studies: An Introduction, Londra, Routledge, 2008, s. 73-88.
  • Mjekiqi, Shqipe ve Gallagher, Michael. “The Parliamentary Elections in Kosovo, June 2014”, Electoral Studies, Cilt 38, 2015, s. 106-109.
  • Monteux, Camille Andrée Marie. Institution Building in Kosovo: The Role of International Actors and the Question of Legitimacy, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Londra, The London School of Economics and Political Science, 2009.
  • Morgenthau, Hans. Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, New York, Knopf, 1948.
  • Montanaro, Lucia. “The Kosovo Statebuilding Conundrum: Addressing Fragility in a Contested State”, FRIDE Working Paper, Sayı 91, 2009, http://fride.org/download/WP91_Lucia_Montanaro_Kosovo_Statebuilding_Conundrum_3dic.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 5 Temmuz 2015). “NATO ile Sırplar Çatıştı: 37 Yaralı”. Vatan Gazetesi, 28.11.2011, (Erişim Tarihi 20 Ekim 2016).
  • “Northern Serbs Vote ‘No’ to Kosovo”. 16 February 2012, http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/99-74-kosovo-serbs-say-no-to-pristina, (Erişim Tarihi 12 Eylül 2015).
  • Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe Mission in Kosovo. An Assessment of the Voluntary Returns Process in Kosovo, Ekim 2014, http://www.osce.org/kosovo/129321?download=true, (Erişim Tarihi 2 Temmuz 2016).
  • Ovalı, A. Şevket. “Ütopya ile Pratik Arasında: Uluslararası İlişkilerde İnsan Güvenliği Kavramsallaştırması”, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Cilt 3, No 10, 2006, s. 3-52.
  • Perritt, Jr., Henry H. Road to Independence for Kosovo: A Chronicle of the Ahtisaari Plan, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2011.
  • Rogers, Paul. “Peace Studies”, Alan Collins (der.), Contemporary Security Studies, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2010, s. 69-83.
  • Ryan, Stephen. “Peace and Conflict Studies Today”, Global Review of Ethnopolitics, Cilt 2, No 2, 2003, s. 75-82.
  • Serbian Resolution Wins UN GA Backing. 8 October 2008, http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics.php?yyyy=2008&mm=10&dd=08&nav_id=54059, (Erişim Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2016).
  • Şahin, Yeliz. Batı Balkanlar ve AB Yolunda, İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı Yayınları, No. 267, İstanbul, 2013. “Tadić: Kosovo Recognition not EU Condition”. 2010, http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics-article.php?yyyy=2010&mm=03&dd=28&nav_id=66099, (Erişim Tarihi 2 Temmuz 2016).
  • The World Bank. “Fragile and Conflict-Affected Countries”, http://live.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/IFCinFragileandConflictSituations-booklet-May2014.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 2 Temmuz 2016).
  • The World Bank. “Kosovo Health Financing Reform Study”, 6 May 2008, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTKOSOVO/Resources/Health_Financing_Reform_Study.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 1 Ekim 2015).
  • The World Bank. “Kosovo-Unlocking Growth Potential: Strategies, Policies, Actions: A Country Economic Memorandum”, 29 Nisan 2010, http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/04/12330091/kosovo-unlocking-growth-potential-strategies-policies-actions-country-economic-memorandum, (Erişim Tarihi 5 Ekim 2015).
  • UNDP. “Kosovo Mosaic, Public Services and Local Authorities in Focus”, 2009, www.kosovo.undp.org/repository/docs/english%20green.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 1 Ekim 2015).
  • UNDP. “Kosovo Human Development Report 2002”, http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/kosovo-human-development-report-2002, (Erişim Tarihi 28 Ağustos 2015).
  • UNDP. “Kosovo Human Development Report 2006”, http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/kosovo-human-development-report-2006, (Erişim Tarihi 1 Eylül 2015).
  • UNDP. “Kosovo Human Development Report 2010”, http://www.ks.undp.org/content/dam/kosovo/docs/KHDR/HDR_2010_English.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 1 Eylül 2015).
  • UNDP. “Kosovo Human Development Report 2012”, http://www.ks.undp.org/content/kosovo/en/home/library/human_development/kosovo-human-development-report-2012.html, (Erişim Tarihi 5 Eylül 2015).
  • UNDP. “Public Pulse Report”, Ağustos 2013, http://www.undp.org/content/dam/kosovo/docs/Procurement/PPR6_Anglisht.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 20 Eylül 2015).
  • UNDP. “Kosovo Human Development Report 2014”, http://www.ks.undp.org/content/dam/kosovo/docs/KHDR/human_dev_rep_english.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 1 Eylül 2015).
  • UNDP. Kosovo Mosaic 2015, 26 May 2016, http://www.ks.undp.org/content/kosovo/en/home/library/democratic_governance/kosovo-mosaic-2015.html, (Erişim Tarihi 8 Temmuz 2016).
  • UNHCR. “Regional Operations Profile South-Eastern Europe”, 2014, http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49e48d9f6.html, (Erişim Tarihi 10 Haziran 2015).
  • USAID/UNDP. “Public Pulse Report”, Pristina, September 2011, http://www.undp.org/content/dam/kosovo/docs/PublicPulse/PP2/Public_Pulse%202_web_eng.pdf , (Erişim Tarihi 3 Temmuz 2016).
  • USAID/UNDP. “Public Pulse Report”, Pristina, Mart 2011, http://www.undp.org/content/dam/kosovo/img/demgov/PP/public_puls_english.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 3 Temmuz 2016).
  • USAID/UNDP. “Public Pulse Brief”, Pristina, Mayıs 2016, http://www.ks.undp.org/content/kosovo/en/home/library/democratic_governance/public-pulse-11/, (Erişim Tarihi 8 Temmuz 2016).
  • Visoka, Gezim. “The Obstacles to Sustainable Peace and Democracy in Post-Independence Kosovo”, Journal of Conflict Transformation and Security, Cilt 1, No.2, 2011, s.25-38.
  • Walt, Stephen. “The Renaissance of Security Studies”, International Studies Quarterly, Cilt 35, No 2, 1991, s. 211-239.
  • Weaver, Ole. “Peace and Security: Two Concepts and Their Relationship”, Stefano Guzzini ve Dietrich Jung (der.), Contemporary Security Analysis and Copenhagen Peace Research, Londra, Routledge, 2004, s. 53-65.
  • www.kosovothanksyou.com (Erişim Tarihi 29 Haziran 2015).
  • www.nato.int/kfor/structur/nations/placemap/kfor_placemat.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 1 Mayıs 2015).
  • www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_48818.htm (Erişim Tarihi 19 Ekim 2016).
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Bülent Sarper Ağır

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 53

Kaynak Göster

APA Ağır, B. S. (2017). Bağımsızlık Sonrası Dönemde Kosova’da Barış. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 14(53), 69-90. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513196
AMA Ağır BS. Bağımsızlık Sonrası Dönemde Kosova’da Barış. uidergisi. Mart 2017;14(53):69-90. doi:10.33458/uidergisi.513196
Chicago Ağır, Bülent Sarper. “Bağımsızlık Sonrası Dönemde Kosova’da Barış”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 14, sy. 53 (Mart 2017): 69-90. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513196.
EndNote Ağır BS (01 Mart 2017) Bağımsızlık Sonrası Dönemde Kosova’da Barış. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 14 53 69–90.
IEEE B. S. Ağır, “Bağımsızlık Sonrası Dönemde Kosova’da Barış”, uidergisi, c. 14, sy. 53, ss. 69–90, 2017, doi: 10.33458/uidergisi.513196.
ISNAD Ağır, Bülent Sarper. “Bağımsızlık Sonrası Dönemde Kosova’da Barış”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 14/53 (Mart 2017), 69-90. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513196.
JAMA Ağır BS. Bağımsızlık Sonrası Dönemde Kosova’da Barış. uidergisi. 2017;14:69–90.
MLA Ağır, Bülent Sarper. “Bağımsızlık Sonrası Dönemde Kosova’da Barış”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, c. 14, sy. 53, 2017, ss. 69-90, doi:10.33458/uidergisi.513196.
Vancouver Ağır BS. Bağımsızlık Sonrası Dönemde Kosova’da Barış. uidergisi. 2017;14(53):69-90.
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