Enerji Jeopolitiğinin Uluslararası İklim Değişikliği Girişimleri Üzerindeki Etkisi

Yıl 2017, Özel Sayı: Paris İklim Zirvesi ve Yansımaları, 45 - 70, 01.06.2017

Volkan Ş. Ediger

https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513227

Cited By: 4

Öz

Genel olarak iklim değişikliği girişimleri ile enerji jeopolitiği arasındaki ilişkinin analiz edildiği bu makalede, başta petrol fiyatlarındaki artışlar olmak üzere, enerji jeopolitiğindeki gelişmeler, 1965-2014 arasında enerji jeopolitiğinin şiddetlendiği ve durağanlaştığı dönemlere ayrılarak, tarihsel bakış açısıyla incelenmiştir. Özel olarak, Kyoto Protokolü gibi iklim değişikliğinin önlenmesi konusunda yükümlülük getirmesi bakımından önemli bir anlaşma olarak kabul edilen uluslararası girişimlerin neden yeterince başarılı olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Kyoto Protokolü özelinde başarısızlığın üç temel nedeni bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan birincisi ve en önemlisi dünya genelinde enerji jeopolitiğinin şiddetleniyor olmasıdır. İkinci neden ülkelerin farklı enerji ihtiyaçları ve farklı yerli enerji kaynaklarının bulunması, üçüncüsü de uygulamalarda devlet ve özel sektörün rolünün yeterince belirgin olmamasıdır. Yazar, iklim değişikliği konusundaki genel başarısızlığın başlıca nedenini enerji jeopolitiğindeki gelişmelere bağlamakta ve petrol krizleriyle somutlaşan küresel enerji politiğindeki mücadele dönemlerinin, iklim değişikliği gibi konulardaki uluslararası girişimlerin başarı şansını azalttığını savunmaktadır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

İklim Değişikliği, Uluslararası Girişimler, Enerji Jeopolitiği, Petrol Fiyatları

The Effect of Energy Geopolitics on International Climate Change Initiatives

Öz

In this article, in general, the relationship between international climate change initiatives and energy geopolitics was analyzed, and in particular the developments in energy geopolitics were investigated with a historical point of view by dividing the years between 1965 and 2014 into periods of geopolitical intensity and geopolitical stability based on long-term periodic variations in oil prices. More specifically, the reasons why international initiatives such as the Kyoto Protocol, regarded as an important agreement for imposing commitments in climate change mitigation, have not been sufficiently successful were investigated. Regarding the Kyoto Protocol, the failure stemmed from three main reasons. The first and the most important reason was the intensification of geopolitical tensions on a global scale. The second reason was the differences among states in terms of their energy needs and possession of indigenous energy sources. The last reason was the ambiguity regarding the role of the state and the market at the implementation level. The author links the general failure in the efforts to tackle climate change to the developments in energy geopolitics and argues that the competition periods in energy geopolitics, as observed during the oil crises, decrease the chances of success for international initiatives on climate change. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Climate Change, International Initiatives, Energy Geopolitics, Oil Prices

Kaynakça

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