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Paris İklim Anlaşması ve Uygunluğun Sağlanması Üzerine Kısa Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2017, Özel Sayı: Paris İklim Zirvesi ve Yansımaları, 107 - 125, 01.06.2017

Zerrin Savaşan

https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513233
Cited By: 3

Öz

Bu makale Paris İklim Anlaşması’nı uygunluğun sağlanması konusuna olası etkileri bakımından tartışılması amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, ilk olarak, uygunluğun sağlanması konusundaki mevcut system, Kyoto Protokolü ve Protokol’ün uygunluğu sağlama mekanizması, kısaca açıklanmaktadır. İkinci olarak, uygunluğun sağlanması konusunda üç farklı dokümanda -Lima İklim Eylem Çağrısı, Cenevre Müzakere Metni ve Bonn Taslak Anlaşması- yer alan farklı öneriler tartışılmaktadır. Daha sonra, Paris İklim Anlaşması’nın uygunluğun sağlanması konusuna nasıl bir katkı yaptığı sorusuna cevap bulmak için Anlaşma üzerinde bir değerlendirme yapılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uygunluğun Sağlanması Uygunluğun Sağlanması Mekanizması Kyoto Protokolü Paris İklim Anlaşması Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi

Kaynakça

  • Barrett, Scott. Environment and Statecraft: The Strategy of Environmental Treaty-Making, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003.
  • Chayes, Abram and Antonia H. Chayes. The New Soveregnty: Compliance with International Regulatory Agreement, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1995.
  • Chayes, Abram, Antonia H. Chayes and Ronald B.Mitchell. “Active Compliance Management in Environmental Treaties”, Winfried Lang (ed.), Sustainable Development and International Law. London, Boston, Graham & Trotman/M. Nijhoff, 1995.
  • Chayes, Abram, Antonia H. Chayes and Ronald B.Mitchell. “Managing Compliance: A Comparative Perspective”, Edith B. Weiss and Harold K. Jacobson (eds.), Engaging Countries: Strengthening Compliance with International Environmental Accords. Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press, 1998.
  • Decision 1/MOP 8, Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol pursuant to its Article 3, paragraph 9 (the Doha Amendment, Report of the COP serving as the MOP to the Kyoto Protocol on its Eighth Session. Part Two: Action taken by the COP serving as the MOP at its Eighth Session. Doha, 26 November-8 December 2012. FCCC/KP/CMP/2012/13/Add.1., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2012/cmp8/eng/13a01.pdf, (Accessed on 2 February 2016).
  • Decision 1/COP.16, The Cancun Agreements: Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention. Report of the Conference of the Parties on its sixteenth session, held in Cancun from 29 November to 10 December 2010 Addendum Part Two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its sixteenth session. FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2010/cop16/eng/07a01.pdf, (Accessed on 10 January 2016).
  • Decision 1/COP.13, Bali Action Plan, Report of the Conference of the Parties on its thirteenth session, held in Bali from 3 to 15 December 2007 Addendum Part Two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its thirteenth session. FCCC/CP/2007/6/Add.1., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2007/cop13/eng/06a01.pdf#page=3, (Accessed on 10 January 2016).
  • Decision 1/COP.20, Lima Call for Climate Action. Report of the Conference of the Parties on its twentieth session, held in Lima from 1 to 14 December 2014 Addendum Part two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its twentieth session. FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1. , http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2014/cop20/eng/10a01.pdf, (Accessed on 7 January 2016)
  • Decision 24/COP.7, Procedures and Mechanisms relating to Compliance under the Kyoto Protocol, Procedures and Mechanisms relating to Compliance under the Kyoto Protocol., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop7/13a03.pdf, (Accessed on 7 January 2016).
  • Decision 1/COP.4, The Buenos Aires Plan of Action, Report of the COP on Its Fourth Session. Part Two: Action taken by the COP at its Fourth Session. Buenos Aires, 2-14 November 1998. FCCC/CP/1998/16/Add.1., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop4/16a01.pdf, (Accessed on 7 January 2016).
  • Decision 27/MOP.1, Procedures and Mechanisms relating to Compliance under the Kyoto Protocol Report of the COP serving as the MOP to the Kyoto Protocol on its First Session. Part Two: Action taken by the COP serving as the MOP at its First Session. Montreal, 28 November-10 December 2005. FCCC/KP/CMP/2005/8/Add.3., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2005/cmp1/eng/08a03.pdf#page=92, (Accessed on 6 January 2016).
  • Decision 10/COP.4, Multilateral Consultative Process, FCCC/CP/1998/16/Add.1, 1998, p.42-46, http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop4/16a01.pdf#page=42, (Accessed on 6 January 2016).
  • Decision 1/COP.17, Establishment of an Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action, Report of the Conference of the Parties on its seventeenth session, held in Durban from 28 November to 11 December 2011 Addendum Part Two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its seventeenth session,. FCCC/CP/2011/9/Add.1., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2011/cop17/eng/09a01.pdf#page=2, (Accessed on 10 January 2016).
  • Decision 2/COP.18, Advancing the Durban Platform, Report of the Conference of the Parties on its eighteenth session, held in Doha from 26 November to 8 December 2012 Addendum Part Two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its eighteenth session, FCCC/CP/2012/8/Add.1., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2012/cop18/eng/08a01.pdf#page=3, (Accessed on 10 January 2016).
  • Decision 1/COP.19, Further advancing the Durban Platform. Report of the Conference of the Parties on its nineteenth session, held in Warsaw from 11 to 23 November 2013, Addendum Part two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its nineteenth session, p.3. FCCC/CP/2013/10/Add.1., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2013/cop19/eng/10a01.pdf, (Accessed on 10 January 2016).
  • Decision 1/COP.21, Adoption of the Paris Agreement. Report of the Conference of the Parties on its twenty-first session, held in Paris from 30 November to 13 December 2015 Addendum Part two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its twenty-first session. FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/10a01.pdf, (Accessed on 10 January 2016).
  • Doelle, Meinhard. “Early Experience with the Kyoto Compliance System: Possible Lessons for MEA Compliance System Design”, Climate Law, Vol.1, 2010, p.237–260.
  • Draft Agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2 of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action. Ad Hoc Working Group On The Durban Platform For Enhanced Action, Second session, part eleven, 19-23 October 2015, Bonn, Germany. ADP 2-11. , http://unfccc.int/files/bodies/application/pdf/ws1and2@2330.pdf, (Accessed on 7 January 2016)
  • Ehrmann, Markus. “Procedures of Compliance Control in International Environmental Treaties”, Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy, Vol.13, 2002, p.377-444.
  • Epiney, Astrid. “The Role of NGOs in the Process of Ensuring compliance with MEAs”, Ulrich Beyerlin, Peter T. Stoll, and Rüdiger Wolfrum (eds.), Ensuring Compliance with Multilateral Environmental Agreements, A Dialogue between Practitioners and Academia. The Netherlands, Koninklijke Brill NV, 2006.
  • Eritja, Mar Campins, Xavier Fernandez Pons and Laura Huici Sancho. “Compliance Mechanisms in the Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol”, Revue Generale de Droit, Vol.34, 2004, p.51-105, http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/revgend34&div=6&g_sent=1&collection=journals, (Accessed on 9 September,2011).
  • Facilitative Branch (FB) Reports to the Compliance Committee on the Deliberations in the Facilitative Branch relating to the Submission entitled “Compliance with Article 3.1 of the Kyoto Protocol.”(Parties concerned: Austria; CC-2006-1-2/FB, Bulgaria, CC-2006-2-3/FB; Canada, CC-2006-3-3/FB; France, CC-2006-4-3/FB; Germany, CC-2006-5-2/FB; Ireland, CC-2006-6-2/FB; Italy, CC-2006-7-2/FB; Latvia, CC-2006-8-4/FB, Liechtenstein, CC-2006-9-2/FB; Luxembourg, CC-2006-10-2/FB; Poland, CC-2006-11-3/FB; Portugal, CC-2006-12-3/FB; Russian Federation, CC-2006-13-2/FB; Slovenia, CC-2006-14-3/FB; Ukraine, CC-2006-15-2/FB), http://unfccc.int/playground/items/5516.php, (Accessed on 2 February 2016).
  • FB Decision not to Proceed against Latvia. CC-2006-8-3/Latvia/FB, http://unfccc.int/playground/items/5516.php, (Accessed on 2 February 2016).
  • FB Decision not to Proceed against Slovenia. CC-2006-14-2/Slovenia/FB, http://unfccc.int/playground/items/5516.php, (Accessed on 2 February 2016).
  • “Kyoto Protocol To The United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change”, http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf, (Accessed on 2 February 2016).
  • Montini, Massimiliano. “Procedural Guarantees in NCMs”, Tullio Treves et.al. (eds.), Non-Compliance Procedures and Mechanisms and the Effectiveness of International Environmental Agreements, The Hague, T.M.C. Asser Press, 2009
  • “Negotiating Text”, Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action Second session, part eight Geneva, 8–13 February 2015. Agenda item 3 Implementation of all the elements of decision 1/COP.17. FCCC/ADP/2015/1., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/adp2/eng/01.pdf, (Accessed on 7 January 2016)
  • Oberthür, Sebastian and René Lefeber. “Holding Countries to Account: The Kyoto Protocol’s Compliance System Revisited after Four Years of Experience”, Climate Law, Vol.1, 2010, p.133-158.
  • “Paris Agreement“, http://unfccc.int/files/home/application/pdf/paris_agreement.pdf, (Accessed on 2 February 2016).
  • Report of the COP on the Second Part of Its Sixth Session. Part II. Bonn, 16 - 27 July 2001. FCCC/CP/2001/5, http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop6secpart/05.pdf, (Accessed on 7 January 2016).
  • Report of the COP on the First Part of Its Sixth Session. Part Two: Action taken by the COP at its Sixth Session, The Hague, 13- 25 November 2000, FCCC/CP/2000/5/Add.2., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop6/05a02.pdf, (Accessed on 7 January 2016).
  • Rules of Procedure of the Compliance Committee of the Kyoto Protocol, (informal consolidated version) (version of 3 February 2014), http://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/compliance/application/pdf/consolidated_rop_with_cmp_4&cmp9_amend_2014feb03.pdf, (Accessed on 6 January 2016).
  • Savaşan, Zerrin. Compliance Mechanisms under Multilateral Environmental Agreements A Comparative Analysis of Compliance Mechanisms under Montreal and Kyoto Protocols, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ankara, Middle East Technical University, Graduate School of Social Sciences, 2013.
  • Savaşan, Zerrin. “The Role of Compliance Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol in Coping with Climate Change”, Energy and Diplomacy Journal, Vol.1, Issue 2, Summer 2015.
  • “Submission by The Plurinational State Of Bolivia To The Ad-Hoc Working Group On Long-Term Cooperative Action”, http://unfccc.int/files/meetings/ad_hoc_working_groups/lca/application/pdf/bolivia_awglca10.pdf (Accessed on 8 January 2016).
  • Ulfstein, Geir and Jacob Werksman. “The Kyoto Compliance System: Towards Hard Enforcement”, Olav S. Stokke, Jon Hovi and Geir Ulfstein (eds.), Implementing the Climate Regime, International Compliance, USA, The Fridtjof Nansen Institute, 2005.
  • “United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change”, http://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/background_publications_htmlpdf/application/pdf/conveng.pdf, (Accessed on 6 January 2016).
  • “Vienna Convention on The Law of Treaties”, https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201155/volume-1155-I-18232-English.pdf, (Accessed on 11 January 2016).
  • Werksman, Jacob. “The Negotiation of a Kyoto Compliance System”, Olav S. Stokke, Jon Hovi and Geir Ulfstein (eds.), Implementing the Climate Regime, International Compliance, USA, The Fridtjof Nansen Institute, 2005.

A Brief Assessment on the Paris Climate Agreement and Compliance Issue

Yıl 2017, Özel Sayı: Paris İklim Zirvesi ve Yansımaları, 107 - 125, 01.06.2017

Zerrin Savaşan

https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513233
Cited By: 3

Öz

The aim of this study is to discuss the Paris Climate Agreement in terms of its implications on compliance issue. For this purpose, firstly, the current system on compliance, the Kyoto Protocol and its compliance mechanism, is briefly explained. Secondly, different proposals on compliance suggested in three different documents, namely, -the Lima Call for Climate Action, the Geneva Negotiating Text and the Bonn Draft Agreement- are discussed. Then, an assessment is made on the Paris Climate Agreement to find out a response to the question of how the Agreement contributes to the compliance issue. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Compliance Compliance Mechanism Kyoto Protocol Paris Climate Agreement United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Kaynakça

  • Barrett, Scott. Environment and Statecraft: The Strategy of Environmental Treaty-Making, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003.
  • Chayes, Abram and Antonia H. Chayes. The New Soveregnty: Compliance with International Regulatory Agreement, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1995.
  • Chayes, Abram, Antonia H. Chayes and Ronald B.Mitchell. “Active Compliance Management in Environmental Treaties”, Winfried Lang (ed.), Sustainable Development and International Law. London, Boston, Graham & Trotman/M. Nijhoff, 1995.
  • Chayes, Abram, Antonia H. Chayes and Ronald B.Mitchell. “Managing Compliance: A Comparative Perspective”, Edith B. Weiss and Harold K. Jacobson (eds.), Engaging Countries: Strengthening Compliance with International Environmental Accords. Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press, 1998.
  • Decision 1/MOP 8, Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol pursuant to its Article 3, paragraph 9 (the Doha Amendment, Report of the COP serving as the MOP to the Kyoto Protocol on its Eighth Session. Part Two: Action taken by the COP serving as the MOP at its Eighth Session. Doha, 26 November-8 December 2012. FCCC/KP/CMP/2012/13/Add.1., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2012/cmp8/eng/13a01.pdf, (Accessed on 2 February 2016).
  • Decision 1/COP.16, The Cancun Agreements: Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention. Report of the Conference of the Parties on its sixteenth session, held in Cancun from 29 November to 10 December 2010 Addendum Part Two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its sixteenth session. FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2010/cop16/eng/07a01.pdf, (Accessed on 10 January 2016).
  • Decision 1/COP.13, Bali Action Plan, Report of the Conference of the Parties on its thirteenth session, held in Bali from 3 to 15 December 2007 Addendum Part Two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its thirteenth session. FCCC/CP/2007/6/Add.1., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2007/cop13/eng/06a01.pdf#page=3, (Accessed on 10 January 2016).
  • Decision 1/COP.20, Lima Call for Climate Action. Report of the Conference of the Parties on its twentieth session, held in Lima from 1 to 14 December 2014 Addendum Part two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its twentieth session. FCCC/CP/2014/10/Add.1. , http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2014/cop20/eng/10a01.pdf, (Accessed on 7 January 2016)
  • Decision 24/COP.7, Procedures and Mechanisms relating to Compliance under the Kyoto Protocol, Procedures and Mechanisms relating to Compliance under the Kyoto Protocol., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop7/13a03.pdf, (Accessed on 7 January 2016).
  • Decision 1/COP.4, The Buenos Aires Plan of Action, Report of the COP on Its Fourth Session. Part Two: Action taken by the COP at its Fourth Session. Buenos Aires, 2-14 November 1998. FCCC/CP/1998/16/Add.1., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop4/16a01.pdf, (Accessed on 7 January 2016).
  • Decision 27/MOP.1, Procedures and Mechanisms relating to Compliance under the Kyoto Protocol Report of the COP serving as the MOP to the Kyoto Protocol on its First Session. Part Two: Action taken by the COP serving as the MOP at its First Session. Montreal, 28 November-10 December 2005. FCCC/KP/CMP/2005/8/Add.3., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2005/cmp1/eng/08a03.pdf#page=92, (Accessed on 6 January 2016).
  • Decision 10/COP.4, Multilateral Consultative Process, FCCC/CP/1998/16/Add.1, 1998, p.42-46, http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop4/16a01.pdf#page=42, (Accessed on 6 January 2016).
  • Decision 1/COP.17, Establishment of an Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action, Report of the Conference of the Parties on its seventeenth session, held in Durban from 28 November to 11 December 2011 Addendum Part Two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its seventeenth session,. FCCC/CP/2011/9/Add.1., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2011/cop17/eng/09a01.pdf#page=2, (Accessed on 10 January 2016).
  • Decision 2/COP.18, Advancing the Durban Platform, Report of the Conference of the Parties on its eighteenth session, held in Doha from 26 November to 8 December 2012 Addendum Part Two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its eighteenth session, FCCC/CP/2012/8/Add.1., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2012/cop18/eng/08a01.pdf#page=3, (Accessed on 10 January 2016).
  • Decision 1/COP.19, Further advancing the Durban Platform. Report of the Conference of the Parties on its nineteenth session, held in Warsaw from 11 to 23 November 2013, Addendum Part two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its nineteenth session, p.3. FCCC/CP/2013/10/Add.1., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2013/cop19/eng/10a01.pdf, (Accessed on 10 January 2016).
  • Decision 1/COP.21, Adoption of the Paris Agreement. Report of the Conference of the Parties on its twenty-first session, held in Paris from 30 November to 13 December 2015 Addendum Part two: Action taken by the Conference of the Parties at its twenty-first session. FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/10a01.pdf, (Accessed on 10 January 2016).
  • Doelle, Meinhard. “Early Experience with the Kyoto Compliance System: Possible Lessons for MEA Compliance System Design”, Climate Law, Vol.1, 2010, p.237–260.
  • Draft Agreement and draft decision on workstreams 1 and 2 of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action. Ad Hoc Working Group On The Durban Platform For Enhanced Action, Second session, part eleven, 19-23 October 2015, Bonn, Germany. ADP 2-11. , http://unfccc.int/files/bodies/application/pdf/ws1and2@2330.pdf, (Accessed on 7 January 2016)
  • Ehrmann, Markus. “Procedures of Compliance Control in International Environmental Treaties”, Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy, Vol.13, 2002, p.377-444.
  • Epiney, Astrid. “The Role of NGOs in the Process of Ensuring compliance with MEAs”, Ulrich Beyerlin, Peter T. Stoll, and Rüdiger Wolfrum (eds.), Ensuring Compliance with Multilateral Environmental Agreements, A Dialogue between Practitioners and Academia. The Netherlands, Koninklijke Brill NV, 2006.
  • Eritja, Mar Campins, Xavier Fernandez Pons and Laura Huici Sancho. “Compliance Mechanisms in the Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol”, Revue Generale de Droit, Vol.34, 2004, p.51-105, http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/revgend34&div=6&g_sent=1&collection=journals, (Accessed on 9 September,2011).
  • Facilitative Branch (FB) Reports to the Compliance Committee on the Deliberations in the Facilitative Branch relating to the Submission entitled “Compliance with Article 3.1 of the Kyoto Protocol.”(Parties concerned: Austria; CC-2006-1-2/FB, Bulgaria, CC-2006-2-3/FB; Canada, CC-2006-3-3/FB; France, CC-2006-4-3/FB; Germany, CC-2006-5-2/FB; Ireland, CC-2006-6-2/FB; Italy, CC-2006-7-2/FB; Latvia, CC-2006-8-4/FB, Liechtenstein, CC-2006-9-2/FB; Luxembourg, CC-2006-10-2/FB; Poland, CC-2006-11-3/FB; Portugal, CC-2006-12-3/FB; Russian Federation, CC-2006-13-2/FB; Slovenia, CC-2006-14-3/FB; Ukraine, CC-2006-15-2/FB), http://unfccc.int/playground/items/5516.php, (Accessed on 2 February 2016).
  • FB Decision not to Proceed against Latvia. CC-2006-8-3/Latvia/FB, http://unfccc.int/playground/items/5516.php, (Accessed on 2 February 2016).
  • FB Decision not to Proceed against Slovenia. CC-2006-14-2/Slovenia/FB, http://unfccc.int/playground/items/5516.php, (Accessed on 2 February 2016).
  • “Kyoto Protocol To The United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change”, http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf, (Accessed on 2 February 2016).
  • Montini, Massimiliano. “Procedural Guarantees in NCMs”, Tullio Treves et.al. (eds.), Non-Compliance Procedures and Mechanisms and the Effectiveness of International Environmental Agreements, The Hague, T.M.C. Asser Press, 2009
  • “Negotiating Text”, Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action Second session, part eight Geneva, 8–13 February 2015. Agenda item 3 Implementation of all the elements of decision 1/COP.17. FCCC/ADP/2015/1., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/adp2/eng/01.pdf, (Accessed on 7 January 2016)
  • Oberthür, Sebastian and René Lefeber. “Holding Countries to Account: The Kyoto Protocol’s Compliance System Revisited after Four Years of Experience”, Climate Law, Vol.1, 2010, p.133-158.
  • “Paris Agreement“, http://unfccc.int/files/home/application/pdf/paris_agreement.pdf, (Accessed on 2 February 2016).
  • Report of the COP on the Second Part of Its Sixth Session. Part II. Bonn, 16 - 27 July 2001. FCCC/CP/2001/5, http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop6secpart/05.pdf, (Accessed on 7 January 2016).
  • Report of the COP on the First Part of Its Sixth Session. Part Two: Action taken by the COP at its Sixth Session, The Hague, 13- 25 November 2000, FCCC/CP/2000/5/Add.2., http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop6/05a02.pdf, (Accessed on 7 January 2016).
  • Rules of Procedure of the Compliance Committee of the Kyoto Protocol, (informal consolidated version) (version of 3 February 2014), http://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/compliance/application/pdf/consolidated_rop_with_cmp_4&cmp9_amend_2014feb03.pdf, (Accessed on 6 January 2016).
  • Savaşan, Zerrin. Compliance Mechanisms under Multilateral Environmental Agreements A Comparative Analysis of Compliance Mechanisms under Montreal and Kyoto Protocols, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ankara, Middle East Technical University, Graduate School of Social Sciences, 2013.
  • Savaşan, Zerrin. “The Role of Compliance Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol in Coping with Climate Change”, Energy and Diplomacy Journal, Vol.1, Issue 2, Summer 2015.
  • “Submission by The Plurinational State Of Bolivia To The Ad-Hoc Working Group On Long-Term Cooperative Action”, http://unfccc.int/files/meetings/ad_hoc_working_groups/lca/application/pdf/bolivia_awglca10.pdf (Accessed on 8 January 2016).
  • Ulfstein, Geir and Jacob Werksman. “The Kyoto Compliance System: Towards Hard Enforcement”, Olav S. Stokke, Jon Hovi and Geir Ulfstein (eds.), Implementing the Climate Regime, International Compliance, USA, The Fridtjof Nansen Institute, 2005.
  • “United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change”, http://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/background_publications_htmlpdf/application/pdf/conveng.pdf, (Accessed on 6 January 2016).
  • “Vienna Convention on The Law of Treaties”, https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201155/volume-1155-I-18232-English.pdf, (Accessed on 11 January 2016).
  • Werksman, Jacob. “The Negotiation of a Kyoto Compliance System”, Olav S. Stokke, Jon Hovi and Geir Ulfstein (eds.), Implementing the Climate Regime, International Compliance, USA, The Fridtjof Nansen Institute, 2005.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Zerrin Savaşan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Özel Sayı: Paris İklim Zirvesi ve Yansımaları

Kaynak Göster

APA Savaşan, Z. (2017). A Brief Assessment on the Paris Climate Agreement and Compliance Issue. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 14(54), 107-125. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513233
AMA Savaşan Z. A Brief Assessment on the Paris Climate Agreement and Compliance Issue. uidergisi. Haziran 2017;14(54):107-125. doi:10.33458/uidergisi.513233
Chicago Savaşan, Zerrin. “A Brief Assessment on the Paris Climate Agreement and Compliance Issue”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 14, sy. 54 (Haziran 2017): 107-25. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513233.
EndNote Savaşan Z (01 Haziran 2017) A Brief Assessment on the Paris Climate Agreement and Compliance Issue. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 14 54 107–125.
IEEE Z. Savaşan, “A Brief Assessment on the Paris Climate Agreement and Compliance Issue”, uidergisi, c. 14, sy. 54, ss. 107–125, 2017, doi: 10.33458/uidergisi.513233.
ISNAD Savaşan, Zerrin. “A Brief Assessment on the Paris Climate Agreement and Compliance Issue”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 14/54 (Haziran 2017), 107-125. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513233.
JAMA Savaşan Z. A Brief Assessment on the Paris Climate Agreement and Compliance Issue. uidergisi. 2017;14:107–125.
MLA Savaşan, Zerrin. “A Brief Assessment on the Paris Climate Agreement and Compliance Issue”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, c. 14, sy. 54, 2017, ss. 107-25, doi:10.33458/uidergisi.513233.
Vancouver Savaşan Z. A Brief Assessment on the Paris Climate Agreement and Compliance Issue. uidergisi. 2017;14(54):107-25.

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