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The Cyprus Issue and the International Criminal Court

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 72, 73 - 86, 20.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1054548

Öz

Since 1974, the Cyprus issue has occupied the agenda of Turkey and the international community. It has been
recently argued that criminal proceedings regarding the Cyprus issue can be brought before the International
Criminal Court (ICC) in relation to the 1974 intervention. Regarding this issue, a criminal complaint against
Turkish government officials was filed at the ICC on 14 July 2014. The bill of complaint requested the
initiation of an investigation into crimes committed, within the Court’s jurisdiction, arising from the civilian
displacement and settlement activities (as continuous crimes) of Turkey. On this ground, this study provides
a holistic examination of the ICC’s jurisdiction regarding the Cyprus issue and aims to analyze the extent to
which Turkish civilians and military officials can be held responsible for the crimes allegedly committed on the
Cypriot territory since 1974.

Kaynakça

  • Anderton v. Cooper, Queen’s Bench Divisional Court, 72 Cr App Rep 232, 145 JP 128, 17 November 1980.
  • Article 12 of the Rome Statute, Commentary on the Law of the International Criminal Court, Commentary Rome Statute: Part 2, Articles 11–21, http://www.casematrixnetwork.org/cmn-knowledge-hub/icc-commentary-clicc/commentary-rome-statute/commentary-rome-statute-part-2-articles-11-21/ (Accessed 6 March 2020).
  • Boot, Machteld (2002). Genocide, Crimes against Humanity, War Crimes: Nullum Crimen Sine Lege and the Subject Matter Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, Antwerpen, Intersentia nv.
  • Bob, Jeremy Yonah (2021). “ICC Prosecutor to decide Cyprus file before exist”, The Jerusalem Post, 18 February 2021, https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/icc-prosecutor-to-decide-cyprus-file-before-exit-659356 (Accessed 15 September 2021)
  • El Zeidy, Mohamed M. (2005). “The Ugandan Government Triggers the First Test of the Complementarity Principle: An Assessment of the First State’s Party Referral to the ICC”, International criminal Law Review, Vol.5, No 1, p. 83–120.
  • Feller, Shneur-Zalman (1967). “The Classification of Crimes in Respect of Continuity”, Israel Law Review, Vol. 2, No 2, p. 232–269.
  • Gürel, Ayla (2012). Displacement in Cyprus Consequences of Civil and Military Strife, Turkish Cypriot Legal Framework, Oslo, Peace Research Institute Oslo.
  • Hulme, Karen (2005). “Armed Conflict and the Displaced”, International Journal of Refugee Law, Vol.17, No 1, p. 91–116.
  • “Illegal Demographic Changes”, (2006). Embassy of the Republic of Cyprus in Vienna, http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/Embassies/Embassy_Vienna/vienna.nsf/page74_en/page74_en?OpenDocument (Accessed 9 August 2021).
  • Jon Heller, Kevin et al., (2014). “Milestones in International Criminal Justice: The ICC and Palestine”, International Law Programme Meeting Summary, http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/field/field_document/20141202ICCPalestine.pdf (Accessed 10 July 2020).
  • Jon Heller, Kevin (2013). “Are Israel and Turkey’s Settlements Comparable?”, Opinio Juris, http://opiniojuris. org/2013/01/06/are-israel-and-turkeys-colonizations-comparable/ (Accessed 12 June 2019).
  • Kearney, Michael “The War Crime of Transfer of Civilians into Occupied Territory”, Manuscript submitted for publication.
  • Kontorovich, Eugene (2013). “Israel/Palestine—The ICC’s Uncharted Territory”, Journal of International Criminal Justice, Vol.11, No 5, p. 979-999.
  • Kontorovich, Eugene (2013). “Turkey’s Settlements, the ICC, and European Vacation-makers”, The Volokh Conspiracy, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256051672_Jurisdiction_over_Israeli_Settlement_Activity_in_the_International_Criminal_Court, (Accessed 23 August 2021).
  • Kurtuluş, Şehmus (2019). “Reassessment of Turkey’s Objections to the Exclusion of Terrorism from the Rome Statute”, Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, Vol. 16, No 64, p. 145-161.
  • Lee, Roy S. (Ed.) (1999). The International Criminal Court: the making of the Rome Statute: issues, negotiations and results, The Hague, Kluwer Law International.
  • Lee, Hyeyoung (2016). “Defining State for the Purpose of the International Criminal Court: The Problem ahead after the Palestine Decision”, University of Pittsburgh Law Review, Vol. 77, No 3.
  • Libman, Liron (2020). “The ICC’s Prosecutor Decision to Investigate the ‘Situation in Palestine’ and Palestinian Statehood”, Lawfare, 15 January 2020, https://www.lawfareblog.com/iccs-prosecutor-decision-investigate-situation-palestineand-palestinian-statehood (Accessed 14 May 2020).
  • Lubanga, Judgment pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/06-2842, 14 March 2012.
  • Nissel, Alan (2004). “Continuing crimes in the Rome Statute”, Michigan Journal of International Law, Vol. 24, No 3, p.653-690.
  • Nikolouli, Sotiria (2014). “Cyprus at the Disposal of International Criminal Court over Turkish Illegal Settlers”, Greek Reporter, https://greekreporter.com/2014/07/30/cyprus-at-the-disposal-of-international-criminal-court-over-turkish-illegal-settlers/ (Accessed 14 September 2021).
  • Parry v. Forest of Dean District Council, Queen’s Bench Division – Divisional Court, 34P&CR 209, 241 EG 387, (1977) EGD 856, 12 October 1976.
  • Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Judgment pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute, ICC- 01/04-01/06-2842, TCh. I, 14 March 2012.
  • SáCouto, Susana and Katherine, Cleary (2007). “The gravity threshold of the International Criminal Court”, American University International Law Review, Vol.23, No 5, p. 807-854.
  • Shaw N., Malcolm (2010). “In the Matter of the Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court with regard to the Declaration of the Palestinian Authority”, Supplementary Opinion.
  • Schabas, William (2011). An Introduction to the International Criminal Court, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Stahn, Carsten (2014). The Law and Practice of the International Criminal Court, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the Case of the Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Public Document Submission of the Prosecution’s Updated Summary of Presentation of Evidence, Case No. ICC‐01/04‐01/06, 30 May 2008.
  • Situation in the State of Palestine in the Case of the Prosecutor v. (ICC-01/18-115 17-03-2020 1/22 NM PT), Court’s Territorial Jurisdiction in Palestine, 16 March 2020.
  • Situation in the State of Palestine, OTP, Prosecution request pursuant to article 19(3) for a ruling on the Court’s territorial jurisdiction in Palestine, (ICC-01/18-12 22-01-2020 1/112 RH PT), 22 January 2020.
  • Situation in Palestine, Office of the Prosecutor, https://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/C6162BBF-FEB9-4FAF-AFA9- 836106D2694A/284387/SituationinPalestine030412ENG.pdf (Accessed 13 May 2010).
  • Status of Palestine in the United Nations, A/RES/67/19, 4 December 2012.
  • “Time to End Turkey’s Illegal Occupation of Cyprus”, Permanent Mission of the RoC to the United Nations, (2014), http:// www.cyprusun.org/?p=6649 (Accessed 20 January 2015).
  • The State of Palestine accedes to the Rome Statute, ICC-ASP-20150107-PR1082, https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/item. aspx?name=pr1082_2 (Accessed 15 May 2020).
  • The Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/06-803- tEN.
  • Worster, William Thomas (2012). “The exercise of jurisdiction by the International Criminal Court over Palestine”, American University International Law Review, Vol. 26, No 5, p. 1153–1209.
  • Zimmermann, Andreas (2013). “Palestine and the International Criminal Court Quo Vadis? Reach and Limits of Declarations under Article 12 (3)”, Journal of International Criminal Justice, Vol.11, No 2, p. 303–329.

Kıbrıs Sorunu ve Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 72, 73 - 86, 20.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1054548

Öz

Kıbrıs sorunu 1974’ten beri hem Türkiye hem de uluslararası toplumun gündemini meşgul etmektedir.
Son zamanlarda yapılan tartışmalardan biri de Türkiye’nin 1974 askeri müdahalesinin Uluslararası Ceza
Mahkemesi’nin (UCM) önüne getirilip getirilemeyeceği konusudur. Bu konu ile ilgili olarak, 14 Temmuz 2014
yılında, Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi’ne Türk hükümeti aleyhine şikâyette bulunulmuştur. Şikâyet dilekçesi ile
Mahkeme’nin yargılama yetkisine giren savaş suçlarından; sivillerin yerinden edilmesi ve yerleşim faaliyetleri
(devam eden suç olarak) soruşturulması istenmiştir. Bu temelde, bu çalışma, UCM’nin Kıbrıs sorununa ilişkin
yargı yetkisine bütüncül bir inceleme sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, 1974 yılından beri Kıbrıs toprakları üzerinde
işlendiği iddia edilen bu suçlardan Türk sivil ve askeri yetkililerin sorumlu tutulup tutulamayacağını analiz
etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Anderton v. Cooper, Queen’s Bench Divisional Court, 72 Cr App Rep 232, 145 JP 128, 17 November 1980.
  • Article 12 of the Rome Statute, Commentary on the Law of the International Criminal Court, Commentary Rome Statute: Part 2, Articles 11–21, http://www.casematrixnetwork.org/cmn-knowledge-hub/icc-commentary-clicc/commentary-rome-statute/commentary-rome-statute-part-2-articles-11-21/ (Accessed 6 March 2020).
  • Boot, Machteld (2002). Genocide, Crimes against Humanity, War Crimes: Nullum Crimen Sine Lege and the Subject Matter Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, Antwerpen, Intersentia nv.
  • Bob, Jeremy Yonah (2021). “ICC Prosecutor to decide Cyprus file before exist”, The Jerusalem Post, 18 February 2021, https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/icc-prosecutor-to-decide-cyprus-file-before-exit-659356 (Accessed 15 September 2021)
  • El Zeidy, Mohamed M. (2005). “The Ugandan Government Triggers the First Test of the Complementarity Principle: An Assessment of the First State’s Party Referral to the ICC”, International criminal Law Review, Vol.5, No 1, p. 83–120.
  • Feller, Shneur-Zalman (1967). “The Classification of Crimes in Respect of Continuity”, Israel Law Review, Vol. 2, No 2, p. 232–269.
  • Gürel, Ayla (2012). Displacement in Cyprus Consequences of Civil and Military Strife, Turkish Cypriot Legal Framework, Oslo, Peace Research Institute Oslo.
  • Hulme, Karen (2005). “Armed Conflict and the Displaced”, International Journal of Refugee Law, Vol.17, No 1, p. 91–116.
  • “Illegal Demographic Changes”, (2006). Embassy of the Republic of Cyprus in Vienna, http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/Embassies/Embassy_Vienna/vienna.nsf/page74_en/page74_en?OpenDocument (Accessed 9 August 2021).
  • Jon Heller, Kevin et al., (2014). “Milestones in International Criminal Justice: The ICC and Palestine”, International Law Programme Meeting Summary, http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/field/field_document/20141202ICCPalestine.pdf (Accessed 10 July 2020).
  • Jon Heller, Kevin (2013). “Are Israel and Turkey’s Settlements Comparable?”, Opinio Juris, http://opiniojuris. org/2013/01/06/are-israel-and-turkeys-colonizations-comparable/ (Accessed 12 June 2019).
  • Kearney, Michael “The War Crime of Transfer of Civilians into Occupied Territory”, Manuscript submitted for publication.
  • Kontorovich, Eugene (2013). “Israel/Palestine—The ICC’s Uncharted Territory”, Journal of International Criminal Justice, Vol.11, No 5, p. 979-999.
  • Kontorovich, Eugene (2013). “Turkey’s Settlements, the ICC, and European Vacation-makers”, The Volokh Conspiracy, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256051672_Jurisdiction_over_Israeli_Settlement_Activity_in_the_International_Criminal_Court, (Accessed 23 August 2021).
  • Kurtuluş, Şehmus (2019). “Reassessment of Turkey’s Objections to the Exclusion of Terrorism from the Rome Statute”, Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, Vol. 16, No 64, p. 145-161.
  • Lee, Roy S. (Ed.) (1999). The International Criminal Court: the making of the Rome Statute: issues, negotiations and results, The Hague, Kluwer Law International.
  • Lee, Hyeyoung (2016). “Defining State for the Purpose of the International Criminal Court: The Problem ahead after the Palestine Decision”, University of Pittsburgh Law Review, Vol. 77, No 3.
  • Libman, Liron (2020). “The ICC’s Prosecutor Decision to Investigate the ‘Situation in Palestine’ and Palestinian Statehood”, Lawfare, 15 January 2020, https://www.lawfareblog.com/iccs-prosecutor-decision-investigate-situation-palestineand-palestinian-statehood (Accessed 14 May 2020).
  • Lubanga, Judgment pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/06-2842, 14 March 2012.
  • Nissel, Alan (2004). “Continuing crimes in the Rome Statute”, Michigan Journal of International Law, Vol. 24, No 3, p.653-690.
  • Nikolouli, Sotiria (2014). “Cyprus at the Disposal of International Criminal Court over Turkish Illegal Settlers”, Greek Reporter, https://greekreporter.com/2014/07/30/cyprus-at-the-disposal-of-international-criminal-court-over-turkish-illegal-settlers/ (Accessed 14 September 2021).
  • Parry v. Forest of Dean District Council, Queen’s Bench Division – Divisional Court, 34P&CR 209, 241 EG 387, (1977) EGD 856, 12 October 1976.
  • Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Judgment pursuant to Article 74 of the Statute, ICC- 01/04-01/06-2842, TCh. I, 14 March 2012.
  • SáCouto, Susana and Katherine, Cleary (2007). “The gravity threshold of the International Criminal Court”, American University International Law Review, Vol.23, No 5, p. 807-854.
  • Shaw N., Malcolm (2010). “In the Matter of the Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court with regard to the Declaration of the Palestinian Authority”, Supplementary Opinion.
  • Schabas, William (2011). An Introduction to the International Criminal Court, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Stahn, Carsten (2014). The Law and Practice of the International Criminal Court, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the Case of the Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Public Document Submission of the Prosecution’s Updated Summary of Presentation of Evidence, Case No. ICC‐01/04‐01/06, 30 May 2008.
  • Situation in the State of Palestine in the Case of the Prosecutor v. (ICC-01/18-115 17-03-2020 1/22 NM PT), Court’s Territorial Jurisdiction in Palestine, 16 March 2020.
  • Situation in the State of Palestine, OTP, Prosecution request pursuant to article 19(3) for a ruling on the Court’s territorial jurisdiction in Palestine, (ICC-01/18-12 22-01-2020 1/112 RH PT), 22 January 2020.
  • Situation in Palestine, Office of the Prosecutor, https://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/C6162BBF-FEB9-4FAF-AFA9- 836106D2694A/284387/SituationinPalestine030412ENG.pdf (Accessed 13 May 2010).
  • Status of Palestine in the United Nations, A/RES/67/19, 4 December 2012.
  • “Time to End Turkey’s Illegal Occupation of Cyprus”, Permanent Mission of the RoC to the United Nations, (2014), http:// www.cyprusun.org/?p=6649 (Accessed 20 January 2015).
  • The State of Palestine accedes to the Rome Statute, ICC-ASP-20150107-PR1082, https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/item. aspx?name=pr1082_2 (Accessed 15 May 2020).
  • The Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/06-803- tEN.
  • Worster, William Thomas (2012). “The exercise of jurisdiction by the International Criminal Court over Palestine”, American University International Law Review, Vol. 26, No 5, p. 1153–1209.
  • Zimmermann, Andreas (2013). “Palestine and the International Criminal Court Quo Vadis? Reach and Limits of Declarations under Article 12 (3)”, Journal of International Criminal Justice, Vol.11, No 2, p. 303–329.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Zeynep Erhan Bulut Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5766-126X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 72

Kaynak Göster

APA Erhan Bulut, Z. (2021). The Cyprus Issue and the International Criminal Court. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 18(72), 73-86. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1054548
AMA Erhan Bulut Z. The Cyprus Issue and the International Criminal Court. uidergisi. Aralık 2021;18(72):73-86. doi:10.33458/uidergisi.1054548
Chicago Erhan Bulut, Zeynep. “The Cyprus Issue and the International Criminal Court”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 18, sy. 72 (Aralık 2021): 73-86. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1054548.
EndNote Erhan Bulut Z (01 Aralık 2021) The Cyprus Issue and the International Criminal Court. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 18 72 73–86.
IEEE Z. Erhan Bulut, “The Cyprus Issue and the International Criminal Court”, uidergisi, c. 18, sy. 72, ss. 73–86, 2021, doi: 10.33458/uidergisi.1054548.
ISNAD Erhan Bulut, Zeynep. “The Cyprus Issue and the International Criminal Court”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 18/72 (Aralık 2021), 73-86. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1054548.
JAMA Erhan Bulut Z. The Cyprus Issue and the International Criminal Court. uidergisi. 2021;18:73–86.
MLA Erhan Bulut, Zeynep. “The Cyprus Issue and the International Criminal Court”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, c. 18, sy. 72, 2021, ss. 73-86, doi:10.33458/uidergisi.1054548.
Vancouver Erhan Bulut Z. The Cyprus Issue and the International Criminal Court. uidergisi. 2021;18(72):73-86.