Araştırma Makalesi
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“Ethnicizing” the EU's Involvement in Post-conflict Societies: The Case of Ontological Insecurity in Republika Srpska

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 73, 117 - 131, 09.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1094578

Öz

The main aim of this paper is to contribute to the literature on ontological security by empirically investigating how the European Union (EU), which is perceived as one of the most important actors that provides means and/ or grounds for overcoming antagonisms through transformation of the ‘Self-Other’ dialectics, fails to become an agent of peace. Drawing on the case of Republika Srpska (RS), a political entity in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), we aim to understand how the EU’s post-conflict stabilization efforts, which, among others, presuppose the de-intensification of the antagonistic identity narratives, become entrapped in ethnopolitical narratives, and even ‘ethnicized’ by the ethnopolitical elite in RS. To answer these questions, we analyzed news articles at two critical junctures, namely the negotiations on the Stabilisation and Association Agreement (2005–2007) and the Butmir Process (2009), two of the most important EU-driven initiatives in post-conflict BiH. We find that those initiatives, which promised to make BiH more functional and stable, challenged the existing ethnopolitical narratives in BiH, particularly on the side of the ethnopolitical elite in RS.

Kaynakça

  • Aybat, Gulner and Florian Bieber (2011). “From Dayton to Brussels: the Impact of EU and NATO Conditionality on State Building in Bosnia and Herzegovina”, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 63, No 10, p. 1911–1937.
  • Bar-Tal, Daniel (2013). Intractable Conflicts: Socio-Psychological Foundations and Dynamics. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Bieber, Florian (2010). Constitutional Reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Preparing for EU Accession. Brussels, European Policy Centre.
  • Biermann, Rafael (2014). “Coercive Europeanization: the EU’s Struggle to Contain Secessionism in the Balkans”, European Security, Vol. 23, No 4, p. 484–508.
  • Brewer, John D. (2013). “Sociology and Peacebuilding”, Roger MacGinty (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Peacebuilding. London, Routledge, p. 159-170.
  • Brezar, Aleksandar (28 July 2021). “Is Bosnia’s Milorad Dodik Using Genocide Denial for Political Ends?”, https://www. euronews.com/2021/07/28/is-bosnia-s-milorad-dodik-using-genocide-denial-for-political-ends (Accessed 20 January 2022).
  • Browning, Christopher S. and Pertti Joenniemi (2017). “Ontological Security, Self-articulation and the Securitization of Identity”, Cooperation and Conflict, Vol. 52, No 1, p. 31–47.
  • Çelik, Ayşe Betul (2015). “Kurdish Issue and Levels of Ontological Security”, Bahar Rumelili (ed.), Conflict Resolution and Ontological Security: Peace Anxieties, Abingdon, Routledge, p. 52-70.
  • Commission of the European Union (2005). Bosnia and Herzegovina 2005 Progress Report. Brussels.
  • Daalder, Ivo H. (2000). Getting to Dayton: The Making of America’s Bosnia Policy. Washington D.C., Brookings Institution Press.
  • Ejdus, Filip (2017). “Critical Situations, Fundamental Questions and Ontological Insecurity in World Politics”, Journal of International Relations and Development, Vol. 21, No 1, p. 883–908.
  • Erikson, Erik H. (1968). Identity: Youth and Crisis. New York, WW Norton & Company.
  • Giddens, Anthony (1990). The Consequences of Modernity. Stanford, Stanford University Press.
  • Giddens, Anthony (1984). The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. Cambridge, Polity Press. Giddens, Anthony (1991). Modernity and Self-identity. Stanford, Stanford University Press.
  • Greenwood, David and Merijn Hartog (2005). The Western Balkan Candidates for NATO Membership and Partnership. Groningen, Centre for European Security Studies.
  • Gromes, Thorsten (2008. Common Democracy, Divided Society: The Impossibility to Implement a Peace Strategy for Bosnia and Herzegovina. HSFK Report no. 9, Frankfurt, Hessische Stiftung Friedens-und Konfliktforschung.
  • Juncos,Ana E. (2013). EU Foreign and Security Policy in Bosnia: the Politics of Coherence and Effectiveness. Manchester, Manchester University Press.
  • Kappler, Stefanie and Oliver Richmond (2011). “Peacebuilding and Culture in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Resistance or Emancipation?”, Security Dialogue, Vol. 42, No 3, p. 261–278.
  • Kinnvall, Catarina (2004). “Globalization and Religious Nationalism: Self, Identity, and the Search for Ontological Security”, Political Psychology, Vol. 25, No 5, p. 741–767.
  • Laing, Ronald D. (1971). Self and Others. London, Penguin Books.
  • Loizides, Neophytos P. (2015). “Ontological Security and Ethnic Adaptation in Cyprus”, Bahar Rumelili (ed.), Conflict Resolution and Ontological Security: Peace Anxieties. New York, Routledge, p. 71-95.
  • Majstorović, Danijela (2013). “Comments on Gerald Toal’s ‘Republica Srpska Will Have a Referendum: the Rhetorical Politics of Milorad Dodik’”, Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity, Vol. 41, No 1, p. 209–213.
  • Maksić, Adis (2009). Referendum Discourse in Republic of Srpska Politics 2006–2008: An Analysis of its Emergence and Performative Structure. M.A. Thesis, Alexandria, VA, Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute.
  • Morisson, Arnault and Eva Panetti (2020). “Institutional Entrepreneurs and Socio-institutional Changes in Medellín, Colombia”, Regional Studies, Regional Science, Vol. 7, No 1, p. 35–51.
  • Muehlmann, Thomas (2008). “Police Restructuring in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Problems of Internationally-led Security Sector Reform”, Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, Vol. 2, No 1, p. 1–22.
  • Noutcheva, Gergana (2012). European Foreign Policy and the Challenges of Balkan Accession. London, Routledge. Noutcheva, Gergana (2020). “Contested Statehood and EU Actorness in Kosovo, Abkhazia and Western Sahara”, Geopolitics, Vol. 25, No 2, pp. 449–471.
  • OHR (2007). “Declaration on Honouring the Commitments for Implementation of the Police Reform with Aim to Initial and Sign the Stabilisation and Association Agreement” http://www.ohr.int/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/ Mostar-Declaration.pdf.
  • Parish, Matthew (2010). A Free City in the Balkans: Reconstructing a Divided Society in Bosnia. New York, I.B. Rauris. Rumelili, Bahar (2013). “Identity and Desecuritisation: the Pitfalls of Conflating Ontological and Physical Security”, Journal of International Relations and Development, Vol. 18, No 1, p. 52–74.
  • Rumelili, Bahar and Ayşe Betül Çelik (2017). “Ontological Insecurity in Asymmetric Conflicts: Reflections on Agonistic Peace in Turkey's Kurdish Issue”, Security Dialogue, Vol. 48, No 4, p. 279-296.
  • Rumelili, Bahar Rumelili (2015). “Ontological (In)security and Peace Anxieties: a Framework for Conflict Resolution”, Bahar Rumelili (ed.), Conflict Resolution and Ontological Security: Peace Anxieties, Abingdon, Routledge, p. 10-29.
  • Schimmelfennig, Frank and Ulrich Sedelmeier (2019). “The Europeanization of Eastern Europe: the External Incentives Model Revisited”, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 27, No 6, p. 814–833.
  • Subotić, Jelena (2015).“Narrative, Ontological Security, and Foreign Policy Change”, Foreign Policy Analysis, Vol. 12, No 4, p. 610–627.
  • Vukojević, Borislav (2015). “Mediji u Republici Srpskoj: publike i sadržaji u kontekstu teorije koristi i zadovoljstva”, Časopis za komunikaciju i medije, Vol. 34, No 10, p. 29–52.
  • Zdeb,Aleksandra (2017). “Prud and Butmir Processes in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Intra-ethnic Competition from the Perspective of Game Theory”, Ethnopolitics, Vol. 16, No 4, p. 369–387.
  • Zupančič, Rok et al. (2018). “The European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo: An Effective Conflict Prevention and Peace-Building Mission?”, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 20, No 6, p. 599-617.
  • Zupančič, Rok, Faris Kočan and Janja Vuga (2021). “Ethnic Distancing through Aesthetics in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Appraising the Limits of Art as a Peacebuilding Tool with a Socio-psychological Experiment”, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, Vol. 21, No 1, p. 101–123.
  • Zupančič, Rok, Nikandros Ioannidis and Faris Kočan (2021). “The European Union's (in)Ability to Address Troubled Past(s): Voices from Eight European Countries”, Annals for Istrian and Mediterranean Studies, Vol. 31, No 4, p. 547–560.
  • “BORS: Srpska ne smije biti oštećena” (2009). RTRS, 7 October.
  • “Dejton ostaje, Srpska ostaje” (2005). Glas Srpske, 5-6 February.
  • “Dodik nudi izlaz iz krize” (2007). Nezavisne novine, 21 November.
  • “Dodik: Teritorija RS ne smije biti upitna” (2009). Nezavisne novine, 22 February.
  • “Formiranje vlasti, pa promjena Ustava” (2006). Nezavisne novine, 23 October.
  • “Gledanost TV stanica u BiH tokom cijelog dana u julu 2018” (2018). RTVFBiH.
  • “Još jedna godina izazova” (2006). Glas Srpske, 8 March.
  • “Konfederalno uređenje budućnost BiH” (2007). Glas Srpske, 22 February.
  • “Kuzmanović započeo konsultacije uoči sastanka na Butmiru” (2009). RTRS, 6 October.
  • “OHR protiv novih pregorova” (2007). RTRS, 13 April.
  • “Prudski sporazum krupan promašaj” (2009). Nezavisne Novine, 15 April. “Radmanović: Problem je neostvarivanje Ustava” (2009). RTRS, 9 October.
  • “Redukcija Ustava BiH ugrozila bi opstanak Srba” (2009). Glas Srpske, 28-29 November.
  • “Sjeti se Hayoza” (2009). Nezavisne novine, 21 October.
  • “Srpska na evropskom kursu” (2007). Glas Srpske, 1 February.
  • “Svoju sudbinu moramo uzeti u svoje ruke” (2007). Glas Srpske, 6-9 January.
  • “Ukidanje entitetskog glasanja ne dolazi u obzir” (2009). Glas Srpske, 10 September.
  • “Unitarizacija BiH bez budućnosti” (2006). Glas Srpske, 8-9 April. “Zalaganje za Dejton nije anditejtonsko” (2009). Glas Srpske, 17 June. “Zvaničnici RS sa ekspertskim timovima SAD i EU” (2009). RTRS, 13 October.
  • “Dosta je pritisaka” (2006). Glas Srpske, 1 February.
  • “Lažne priče Brisela pale u vodu” (2007). Nezavisne novine, 22 October.
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 73, 117 - 131, 09.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1094578

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Aybat, Gulner and Florian Bieber (2011). “From Dayton to Brussels: the Impact of EU and NATO Conditionality on State Building in Bosnia and Herzegovina”, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 63, No 10, p. 1911–1937.
  • Bar-Tal, Daniel (2013). Intractable Conflicts: Socio-Psychological Foundations and Dynamics. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Bieber, Florian (2010). Constitutional Reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Preparing for EU Accession. Brussels, European Policy Centre.
  • Biermann, Rafael (2014). “Coercive Europeanization: the EU’s Struggle to Contain Secessionism in the Balkans”, European Security, Vol. 23, No 4, p. 484–508.
  • Brewer, John D. (2013). “Sociology and Peacebuilding”, Roger MacGinty (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Peacebuilding. London, Routledge, p. 159-170.
  • Brezar, Aleksandar (28 July 2021). “Is Bosnia’s Milorad Dodik Using Genocide Denial for Political Ends?”, https://www. euronews.com/2021/07/28/is-bosnia-s-milorad-dodik-using-genocide-denial-for-political-ends (Accessed 20 January 2022).
  • Browning, Christopher S. and Pertti Joenniemi (2017). “Ontological Security, Self-articulation and the Securitization of Identity”, Cooperation and Conflict, Vol. 52, No 1, p. 31–47.
  • Çelik, Ayşe Betul (2015). “Kurdish Issue and Levels of Ontological Security”, Bahar Rumelili (ed.), Conflict Resolution and Ontological Security: Peace Anxieties, Abingdon, Routledge, p. 52-70.
  • Commission of the European Union (2005). Bosnia and Herzegovina 2005 Progress Report. Brussels.
  • Daalder, Ivo H. (2000). Getting to Dayton: The Making of America’s Bosnia Policy. Washington D.C., Brookings Institution Press.
  • Ejdus, Filip (2017). “Critical Situations, Fundamental Questions and Ontological Insecurity in World Politics”, Journal of International Relations and Development, Vol. 21, No 1, p. 883–908.
  • Erikson, Erik H. (1968). Identity: Youth and Crisis. New York, WW Norton & Company.
  • Giddens, Anthony (1990). The Consequences of Modernity. Stanford, Stanford University Press.
  • Giddens, Anthony (1984). The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. Cambridge, Polity Press. Giddens, Anthony (1991). Modernity and Self-identity. Stanford, Stanford University Press.
  • Greenwood, David and Merijn Hartog (2005). The Western Balkan Candidates for NATO Membership and Partnership. Groningen, Centre for European Security Studies.
  • Gromes, Thorsten (2008. Common Democracy, Divided Society: The Impossibility to Implement a Peace Strategy for Bosnia and Herzegovina. HSFK Report no. 9, Frankfurt, Hessische Stiftung Friedens-und Konfliktforschung.
  • Juncos,Ana E. (2013). EU Foreign and Security Policy in Bosnia: the Politics of Coherence and Effectiveness. Manchester, Manchester University Press.
  • Kappler, Stefanie and Oliver Richmond (2011). “Peacebuilding and Culture in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Resistance or Emancipation?”, Security Dialogue, Vol. 42, No 3, p. 261–278.
  • Kinnvall, Catarina (2004). “Globalization and Religious Nationalism: Self, Identity, and the Search for Ontological Security”, Political Psychology, Vol. 25, No 5, p. 741–767.
  • Laing, Ronald D. (1971). Self and Others. London, Penguin Books.
  • Loizides, Neophytos P. (2015). “Ontological Security and Ethnic Adaptation in Cyprus”, Bahar Rumelili (ed.), Conflict Resolution and Ontological Security: Peace Anxieties. New York, Routledge, p. 71-95.
  • Majstorović, Danijela (2013). “Comments on Gerald Toal’s ‘Republica Srpska Will Have a Referendum: the Rhetorical Politics of Milorad Dodik’”, Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity, Vol. 41, No 1, p. 209–213.
  • Maksić, Adis (2009). Referendum Discourse in Republic of Srpska Politics 2006–2008: An Analysis of its Emergence and Performative Structure. M.A. Thesis, Alexandria, VA, Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute.
  • Morisson, Arnault and Eva Panetti (2020). “Institutional Entrepreneurs and Socio-institutional Changes in Medellín, Colombia”, Regional Studies, Regional Science, Vol. 7, No 1, p. 35–51.
  • Muehlmann, Thomas (2008). “Police Restructuring in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Problems of Internationally-led Security Sector Reform”, Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, Vol. 2, No 1, p. 1–22.
  • Noutcheva, Gergana (2012). European Foreign Policy and the Challenges of Balkan Accession. London, Routledge. Noutcheva, Gergana (2020). “Contested Statehood and EU Actorness in Kosovo, Abkhazia and Western Sahara”, Geopolitics, Vol. 25, No 2, pp. 449–471.
  • OHR (2007). “Declaration on Honouring the Commitments for Implementation of the Police Reform with Aim to Initial and Sign the Stabilisation and Association Agreement” http://www.ohr.int/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/ Mostar-Declaration.pdf.
  • Parish, Matthew (2010). A Free City in the Balkans: Reconstructing a Divided Society in Bosnia. New York, I.B. Rauris. Rumelili, Bahar (2013). “Identity and Desecuritisation: the Pitfalls of Conflating Ontological and Physical Security”, Journal of International Relations and Development, Vol. 18, No 1, p. 52–74.
  • Rumelili, Bahar and Ayşe Betül Çelik (2017). “Ontological Insecurity in Asymmetric Conflicts: Reflections on Agonistic Peace in Turkey's Kurdish Issue”, Security Dialogue, Vol. 48, No 4, p. 279-296.
  • Rumelili, Bahar Rumelili (2015). “Ontological (In)security and Peace Anxieties: a Framework for Conflict Resolution”, Bahar Rumelili (ed.), Conflict Resolution and Ontological Security: Peace Anxieties, Abingdon, Routledge, p. 10-29.
  • Schimmelfennig, Frank and Ulrich Sedelmeier (2019). “The Europeanization of Eastern Europe: the External Incentives Model Revisited”, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 27, No 6, p. 814–833.
  • Subotić, Jelena (2015).“Narrative, Ontological Security, and Foreign Policy Change”, Foreign Policy Analysis, Vol. 12, No 4, p. 610–627.
  • Vukojević, Borislav (2015). “Mediji u Republici Srpskoj: publike i sadržaji u kontekstu teorije koristi i zadovoljstva”, Časopis za komunikaciju i medije, Vol. 34, No 10, p. 29–52.
  • Zdeb,Aleksandra (2017). “Prud and Butmir Processes in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Intra-ethnic Competition from the Perspective of Game Theory”, Ethnopolitics, Vol. 16, No 4, p. 369–387.
  • Zupančič, Rok et al. (2018). “The European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo: An Effective Conflict Prevention and Peace-Building Mission?”, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 20, No 6, p. 599-617.
  • Zupančič, Rok, Faris Kočan and Janja Vuga (2021). “Ethnic Distancing through Aesthetics in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Appraising the Limits of Art as a Peacebuilding Tool with a Socio-psychological Experiment”, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, Vol. 21, No 1, p. 101–123.
  • Zupančič, Rok, Nikandros Ioannidis and Faris Kočan (2021). “The European Union's (in)Ability to Address Troubled Past(s): Voices from Eight European Countries”, Annals for Istrian and Mediterranean Studies, Vol. 31, No 4, p. 547–560.
  • “BORS: Srpska ne smije biti oštećena” (2009). RTRS, 7 October.
  • “Dejton ostaje, Srpska ostaje” (2005). Glas Srpske, 5-6 February.
  • “Dodik nudi izlaz iz krize” (2007). Nezavisne novine, 21 November.
  • “Dodik: Teritorija RS ne smije biti upitna” (2009). Nezavisne novine, 22 February.
  • “Formiranje vlasti, pa promjena Ustava” (2006). Nezavisne novine, 23 October.
  • “Gledanost TV stanica u BiH tokom cijelog dana u julu 2018” (2018). RTVFBiH.
  • “Još jedna godina izazova” (2006). Glas Srpske, 8 March.
  • “Konfederalno uređenje budućnost BiH” (2007). Glas Srpske, 22 February.
  • “Kuzmanović započeo konsultacije uoči sastanka na Butmiru” (2009). RTRS, 6 October.
  • “OHR protiv novih pregorova” (2007). RTRS, 13 April.
  • “Prudski sporazum krupan promašaj” (2009). Nezavisne Novine, 15 April. “Radmanović: Problem je neostvarivanje Ustava” (2009). RTRS, 9 October.
  • “Redukcija Ustava BiH ugrozila bi opstanak Srba” (2009). Glas Srpske, 28-29 November.
  • “Sjeti se Hayoza” (2009). Nezavisne novine, 21 October.
  • “Srpska na evropskom kursu” (2007). Glas Srpske, 1 February.
  • “Svoju sudbinu moramo uzeti u svoje ruke” (2007). Glas Srpske, 6-9 January.
  • “Ukidanje entitetskog glasanja ne dolazi u obzir” (2009). Glas Srpske, 10 September.
  • “Unitarizacija BiH bez budućnosti” (2006). Glas Srpske, 8-9 April. “Zalaganje za Dejton nije anditejtonsko” (2009). Glas Srpske, 17 June. “Zvaničnici RS sa ekspertskim timovima SAD i EU” (2009). RTRS, 13 October.
  • “Dosta je pritisaka” (2006). Glas Srpske, 1 February.
  • “Lažne priče Brisela pale u vodu” (2007). Nezavisne novine, 22 October.
Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Faris Kočan Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-2649-3929

Rok Zupančıč Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-1963-2668

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 10 Mart 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 9 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 73

Kaynak Göster

APA Kočan, F., & Zupančıč, R. (2022). “Ethnicizing” the EU’s Involvement in Post-conflict Societies: The Case of Ontological Insecurity in Republika Srpska. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 19(73), 117-131. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1094578
AMA Kočan F, Zupančıč R. “Ethnicizing” the EU’s Involvement in Post-conflict Societies: The Case of Ontological Insecurity in Republika Srpska. uidergisi. Nisan 2022;19(73):117-131. doi:10.33458/uidergisi.1094578
Chicago Kočan, Faris, ve Rok Zupančıč. “‘Ethnicizing’ the EU’s Involvement in Post-Conflict Societies: The Case of Ontological Insecurity in Republika Srpska”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 19, sy. 73 (Nisan 2022): 117-31. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1094578.
EndNote Kočan F, Zupančıč R (01 Nisan 2022) “Ethnicizing” the EU’s Involvement in Post-conflict Societies: The Case of Ontological Insecurity in Republika Srpska. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 19 73 117–131.
IEEE F. Kočan ve R. Zupančıč, “‘Ethnicizing’ the EU’s Involvement in Post-conflict Societies: The Case of Ontological Insecurity in Republika Srpska”, uidergisi, c. 19, sy. 73, ss. 117–131, 2022, doi: 10.33458/uidergisi.1094578.
ISNAD Kočan, Faris - Zupančıč, Rok. “‘Ethnicizing’ the EU’s Involvement in Post-Conflict Societies: The Case of Ontological Insecurity in Republika Srpska”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 19/73 (Nisan 2022), 117-131. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.1094578.
JAMA Kočan F, Zupančıč R. “Ethnicizing” the EU’s Involvement in Post-conflict Societies: The Case of Ontological Insecurity in Republika Srpska. uidergisi. 2022;19:117–131.
MLA Kočan, Faris ve Rok Zupančıč. “‘Ethnicizing’ the EU’s Involvement in Post-Conflict Societies: The Case of Ontological Insecurity in Republika Srpska”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, c. 19, sy. 73, 2022, ss. 117-31, doi:10.33458/uidergisi.1094578.
Vancouver Kočan F, Zupančıč R. “Ethnicizing” the EU’s Involvement in Post-conflict Societies: The Case of Ontological Insecurity in Republika Srpska. uidergisi. 2022;19(73):117-31.